aby_rep
TRANSCRIPT
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INTEGRATED SECURITY SYSTEM(INDIAN NORTHERN RAILWAY)
SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
SUBMITTED BY:
ABHISHT YADAV
7th
Semester
Applied Electronics AndInstrumentation
0803335002
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INDEX
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
INTRODUCTION
CCTV SYSTEM
ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM
PERSONAL AND LUGGAGE SCREENINGSYSTEM
BOMB DETECTION AND DISPOSAL SYSTEM
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SYSTEM INTEGRATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our Gratitude to all those who gave usthe opportunity to complete the training with this report. We
would also like to thank THE DEPARTMENT OF
INTEGRATED SECURITY SYSTEMof THE NORTHERN
RAILWAYS for giving us permission to commence this
summer training. We would further show our great regards to
our Head guide MR. AVINASH SIR who confirmed this
permission and encouraged us to go ahead with our report.
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Integrated Security System (ISS)
Integrated security systems (ISS) is a complex of technical means
designed for construction of security and fire alarm systems, controlling
system for fire-protection automation, television monitoring, access
monitor and control. All these technical means possess the technical,
informational, and operational compatibility and connected by a single
control program (data collection and processing system).
Integrated Security Systems (ISS) include the following sub-systems:
CCTV SYSTEM
PERSONAL AND LUGGAGE SCREENIMNG SYSTEM
ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM
BOMB DETECTION AND DISPOSAL SYSTEM
SYSTEM INTEGRATION
All the subsystems are integrated into a single complex system,
providing the security personnel with the information necessary for the
operational decision in an alarm situation.
Stages of Implementation:
Technical examination of an object,
Development and design of an integrated security system or one of the
systems (at customer's request),
Project approval,
Installation of mechanical and electronic components of equipment,
Run of the software,
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Joint start-up operations,
Integrated test,
Equipment training of personnel.
CCTV SYSTEMS
CCMS1315-LP 1.3 Megapixel MJPEG / MPEG-4,Day/Night IP Streaming Box Camera
FEATURES:
Mechanical IR cut filterSimultaneous MPEG4 encodingStandardized protocolsSimultaneous video transmission of up to 5
independent cropping windows (MJPEG), freely
configurable in size and position
Integrated web server
Activity (motion) detection and event email notificationBidirectional audio with integrated microphone2GB SD card support for local picture storageCVBS video control output (BNC, alternatively selectable by
switch)
Power over Ethernet (PoE)
MJPEG / MPEG4 Compression
The cameras support both common video compression standards
MJPEG and MPEG4. Usage of standardized protocols enables streaming
/ recording with existing Siemens SISTORE DVRs SISTORE MX /
MX NVR / MX NVS (starting from Version 2.80). The cameras provide
one MJPEG encoded video stream with a resolution up to SXGA (1280
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x 960) and a second stream that is MPEG4 encoded with a resolution up
to VGA (640 x 480).
CFMC1315-LP - 1.3 Megapixel MJPEG / MPEG-4IP
Streaming Color Fix dome Camera
FEATURES:
Simultaneous MJPEG and MPEG4 encoding Integrated megapixel AI lens: 3.0 9 mm, F1.2 Standardized protocols Simultaneous video transmission of up to 5 independent cropping
windows(MJPEG), freely configurable in size and position
Integrated Web server Activity (motion) detection and event email notification Bidirectional audio with integrated microphone 2-GB SD card support for local picture storage Power over Ethernet (PoE)
Windows Media Single Channel Encoder 9190-4200-
100
Applications:
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Live executive broadcasts ,training sessions
Live event broadcasting
Distance learning
Surveillance and process monitoringDigital signage
Features:
Low delay
Multi Bit Rate (MBR) encoding
High video quality at low bit rates
Excellent for one-way video communications over LANs, WANs, & Internet
4 : 3 or 16 : 9 aspect ratio & Supports both NTSC and PAL video formats Wide range of video resolutions, frame rates, and bit rates
Industry-leading reliability and flexibility
Intelligent networking feature set
Dual serial ports for maintenance and data transport / camera control
Encodes, multicasts, serves, reflects, pushes, and records
Wireless Transmitter/Receiver Unit
Wireless Audio/Video Transmitter Kit with IR Remote Control
Extender:
This wireless A/V transmitter also has a built-in remote control sender. We can
take the remote control to the bedroom and still be able to control your cable box,
satellite or DVD player downstairs. Users can directly control what they are
watching on the remote TV monitor just as easily as if the audio video source were
directly connected to remote TV display.
High Resolution Large Video Display Unit:
This display unit shall be used for displaying multiple cameras in conjunction with
viewing workstation. One such display unit should display minimum 16 cameras
on a single unit. Selection of these cameras shall be as per software specifications
like Video display unit shall be LCD/ Plasma type. Color LCD monitors shall be
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high performance, high resolution color display monitor with 20 viewable picturearea and multi-standard compatibility.
Digital Keyboard: The digital keyboard should be fully functional,multipurpose keyboard used for system control and programming. Keyboard
should include an integral variable speed pan/tilt/ zoom joystick and shall be able
to select any camera and display it on any monitor. Keyboard should control
multiple P/T/Z cameras at the same time. Keyboard should be with user-friendly
menu displayed on LCD with dynamic menu and easy to read display.
PC Workstation for Viewing, Monitoring and System Management
The PC workstation for viewing, monitoring and management shall be able to providehigh graphics display with DVD-Drive, USB/ PS/2 mouse and cables.
CABLES
Connectivity Cable Type
IP Cameras to Field
Switch
CAT 6 STP Cable (up to distance of 90 meters)
or single mode fiber with required media
Converters.Analog Camera to Video
Encoder
RG 11 Cable (up to distance of 350 meters),
(for existing analog camera)
Video Encoder to Field
Switch/ Central Switch
CAT 6 STP Cable (up to distance of 90meters);
6 core optic fiber cable, SMF, 9/125, 1000
Mbps (from 90 meter up to distance of 2.5 Km)Data Cable (Camera to
Encoder) for PTZ Camera
Two core 16/0.2 mm twin twisted copper
conductor PVC insulated screened data cable
(for existing analog camera)
Field Switch to Central Switch CAT 6 STP Cable (up to distance of 90meters); 6 core optic fiber cable, SMF, 9/125,1000
Mbps (from 90 meter up to distance of 2.5 Km)
Copper conductor Power
Cable
3 Core * 2.5 sq mm copper conductor power
cable for power supplyCentral Switch to each CAT 6 STP cable (up to distance of 90 meters)
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central control equipment
(Server, Workstation,
Storage Device etc.)
ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM
Introduction
The specification ofAccess Control System covers the technical specification
and requirements of Under Vehicle Inspection System comprising of the camera,lighting assembly & housing, activation sensors, traffic lights, analysis software,
suitable computer system with sufficient data storage capacity.
The scope of this specification also covers the integration of this system to
auxiliary camera systems including those for hard-to-view areas of the underside,
license plate capture & recognition and driver image capture & retrieval.
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The Under Vehicle Inspection System shall be able to record the undercarriageimages of vehicles in motion without requiring to be fully stopped and display
these as a composite & high resolution image on the monitor(s). The system
should be able to take into consideration the different heights of the
undercarriage (truck/car), widths and the lengths of the vehicles as they pass
over the system.
The system should also comprise additional auxiliary camera system to capture
videos of hard to image areas of the underside. The system should be integrated to
a license plate recognition system suitable for a wide range offonts type & sizesgenerally found in average Indian license plates. The database with sufficientaccuracy level. If the system fails to read the license plate number due to any
reason, there should be provision to enter this manually.
In addition, there shall be another camera system to capture the image of the
driver of the vehicle and assign the image to the records of the license number
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and under vehicle image. The system shall have enough storage to be able to
record undercarriage, number plate, driver images and auxiliary videos, in the
database for a period of 30 days. The capacity of storage should be calculated
considering the number of vehicle at a station.
TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
The Under Vehicle Inspection System for all type of railway stations and other
premises should mainly consist of the following:
Main Inspection Unit
Traffic Light and Sensors to switch Surveillance Unit
Computer System ( Work Station )
License Plate Recognition System Driver Image Capture System
Auxiliary Camera System for hard-to-view areas of vehicle underside
Pit air-conditioning system for protection against severe ambient heat
Depending on the site conditions, inspection systems should be placed at the
entrances of the railway station premises and other areas in such a manner that
all vehicles are inspected before they are allowed to enter the area, irrespective
of whether the vehicle is going to the parking lot or to offload the passengers and
their luggage.
The Driver Image Capture system should be installed so as to capture an image
of the driver and front passenger of suitable quality for later analysis and
Identification. The Computer System and the Display Monitor should be located in
the operator cabin by the side of the entrance. The connecting cables from the
inspection unit, license plate recognition system, driver image capture system &
auxiliary camera unit to the workstation and from the traffic light to the computer
unit should be armored and suitable for heavy duty outdoor applications and
should be protected suitably by conduits and/or buried.
The Under Vehicle Inspection System should be rugged and able to withstand
the weight and vibration of standard vehicles up to a total vehicle load of 40 tons.
The vendor shall specify the type of guidance system and paving required to
have the vehicle correctly pass over the unit while avoiding direct contact.
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The Under Vehicle Inspection System should be able to operate without any
problems in the range 0-50 degree C and humidity of 95% RH non- condensing. A
suitable pit air-conditioning system should be provided to protect the system
against severe ambient temperature & heat during the peak summer seasons.
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
Inspection Unit
The inspection unit including camera and lighting shall be placed together in a
protective housing. The system shall have a high resolution CCD type line-scan
camera which should record the composite image of the vehicle undercarriage.
The Under Vehicle Inspection System shall ensure suitable & uniform illuminationof the undercarriage for a quality picture.
The inspection unit shall work on 230V AC voltage/ 24V AC/12V DC. However,
the power supply available at the stations shall be 230 V / 50 Hz AC which may
vary from 160 Volts to 270 Volts. The system should work using this power
supply only with requisite converter & voltage stabilizer of suitable capacity, if
required.
The inspection unit shall meet the following minimum technical requirements:
A. Camera Specification
Type of Camera : High Resolution Colour Linear CCD
Camera Scanning : Colour Digital Line Scan
Camera Resolution : 4000 Pixels (Minimum)
Temperature Range : 0 C to +50 C
Humidity : No limitation
Approval : UL/EN/VDS/CE
Video Output : Real Time
B. Vehicle Parameters
Minimum Speed : 20 Kilometers per hour
Maximum Length : 25 meters
Maximum Width : 2.80 meters
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Vehicle Height from ground : Up to 60 Centimeters
Precision Accuracy : 3 Millimeters
Maximum Load : 40 Tones
Image Composing : Instantaneous, within 2 second
Traffic Light and Sensors
A photo sensor shall automatically initiate the registration procedure. In order to
ensure an efficient vehicle checkpoint, an integrated traffic light shall stop
vehicles for the time it takes for a vehicle to be processed.
It should also be possible to connect this workstation to a printer to take print
out, if required. The system shall have a minimum of 500 Gigabyte of hard disk
space to store to the under carriage images and videos on a rolling FIFO (First InFirst Out) basis. The workstation shall be able to provide high graphics display
with DVD-Drive, USB/ PS2 mouse and keyboard.
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
The system software shall process the images from the camera into a single
complete view of the undercarriage and display it on the monitor with date, time
and the license plate number/ image of the driver. The images should appear
almost instantaneously in less than 2 second, whereas for the automatic foreignobject detection process to complete, 3-4 seconds maximum should be the delay
to register, compare, and display the image of a mid-size car. The image shall be
enlarged if the operator suspects a foreign object or anomaly in the undercarriage.
Operator shall be able to zoom into the suspected area and look more closely
before taking further action. The system should enable a user to access history as
well as allow the user to control the peripheral devices of the system, such as
traffic lights and any connected barriers appropriate data from the license plate
recognition system. All data shall be stored in an SQL or equivalent database with
a minimum capacity of 30 days.
The software shall provide high resolution image composition for improved and
easier observation of the complete undercarriage image irrespective of the size
of the vehicle. The underside of the vehicle should be displayed as a single
composite picture without any obstruction, with an automatic adjustment of
brightness & contrast for the best suited human-eye view.
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It is planned that no vehicle will be required to fully stop for getting scanned; the
software should be able to capture images of a moving vehicle upto the speed of
minimum 20 Km per hour. The undistorted picture of the undercarriage should be
displayed regardless of the variations in speed over the inspection unit.
If an unsatisfactory or partial image is captured then the system should create an
alarm and the signal & barrier (if provided) should signal the vehicle to halt.
It should be possible for the software to automatically compare pictures and
analyze for changes in the underside of the vehicle, since the last scanned
image, if available in the storage device. Maximum analysis time should not be
longer than 5 seconds depending on the vehicle. The software should be able to
do an automatic comparison of the current image and last composite image of
the underside for the same vehicle or a pre-stored image of the same make
vehicle identified by the software through a type-detection method. The vehicleshould be identified by its license plate number and the software should highlight
the abnormalities if any, in the two images. Apart from this automatic
comparison, there should be a provision for the user to visually compare the
current image with a recorded image or images.
The system software should have the features of intelligent abnormality and
foreign object detection which should be highlighted to the user. Real time
images and templates can be zoomed in simultaneously for a detailed
examination.
The software shall provide for an entry/exit log of the vehicles sorted by license
plate number. The system should be capable of storing and retrieving this
information in the data base and to export it to any back-up storage media and
should also generate print/reports archiving and recording on CD/DVDs on daily,
weekly and any other desired basis for post event analysis of the information
stored.
The system should be remotely operable for remote monitoring, control and
maintenance. There should be no constraints on the location of the operatorcontrol room in terms of the physical distance from the inspection unit.
It should be possible to network all under vehicle inspection systems of a station
or a section as specified by purchaser. It should be possible to store database of
all such systems on a storage device at centralized location other than the
location of inspection units for further analysis and as disaster recovery.
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be capable of storing images which can be retrieved from a USB port using an
external drive.
X Ray Baggage Screening System which is networkable shall be provided, if
specified by purchaser.
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
X Ray Baggage Screening System to be provided at stations and other railways
installations shall consist of X ray machine, operator control console with
suitable controls, stainless steel roller tables on entry side and exit side, LCD
colour monitor, power cable, Combined Test Piece (CTP), Threat Image
Projection (TIP) software, network supervisory workstation (optional) etc.
The tunnel size of machine should conform to the purpose for which machine isused and shall be as specified by purchaser. Commonly available minimum
tunnel sizes are 600mm x 400mm, 1000mm x 1000mm and 1450mm x
1650mm.
The X ray baggage screening system should enable the operator/supervisor to
perform all related tasks for screening & monitoring of objects.
TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
X Ray Baggage Screening System for all type of stations should mainly consist
of the following:
X Ray System
Operator Control & Display Console
Entry/Exit Roller Table
Network Supervisory Workstation (incase baggage screening systems are
required to function in network mode)
X Ray machines should preferably be provided at entrance/exit points,
platforms, etc. or any other locations as decided by purchaser.
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
The x-ray machine shall have the following
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minimum technical specifications and features for imaging:Resolution : Single uninsulated tinned copper wire of 40SWG
Steel Penetration: 26 mm thickness of steel or more
Video Resolution: 1024 x 768 pixels or better
Video Display: 17 LCD high-resolution, flicker-free displayComputer Processor: Intel Pentium
The conveyor of the X ray baggage system with minimum tunnel sizes of 600
mm (width) x 400 mm (height), 1000 mm (width) x 1000 mm (height) and 1450
mm (width) x 1650 mm (height) shall be capable of carrying baggage weighing
up to 100 Kg, 150 Kg & 1500 Kg respectively.
Operator Control Console:Operator interface shall provide a simple, flexible and powerful means for operator
to control the system and make maximum use of imaging information.
Entry/Exit Roller Table:Two stainless steel roller tables shall be provided with each system, one at the
entry side and other at the exit side. Each roller table shall be of at least 1 meter
length.
Combined Test Piece (CTP):Each system shall have a Combined Test Piece (CTP) for testing the steel
penetration, wire resolution, organic, inorganic & metal discrimination of the
machine.
Network Supervisory Workstation (NSW):Network Supervisory Workstation shall be provided at a centralized location
incase baggage screening systems are required to function in network mode.
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
Image Management Software:It shall offer a complete X ray image analysis solution that shall be pre-installed
in the systems computer.
Threat Image Projection (TIP) Software:
Visual alerts to the operator in case of a threat or high density object. Operator logs
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Date, time and operator ID. Entire toolbar shall be available on the
screen/keyboard for the operator to select and use required icon of the image
analysis feature.
Image Library & Time Interval:
The TIP facility should have an image library containing at least 100
explosive devices, 100 knives and 100 firearms in various sizes,
shapes, locations & orientations.
BOMB DETECTION AND DISPOSALSYSTEM
Real Time Viewing System, Model : RE 650 RTVS
The RE 650 Real Time Viewing System is designed to enable instant viewing of
X Ray shots on location with an easy to use man-portable set of equipment.
The RTVS can be used with a variety of portable X Ray generators such as the
Golden Engineering model XR 200 which makes a particularly suitable
combination. The digital signal processing unit within the electronics features a
frame grabber which enables the capture of a frame of video, each time the
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system is activated. Up to four frames can be held, individually manipulated and
stored. Manipulation features include zoom, enhance, pseudo-3D, object
measurement and split screen to four windows.
The RTVS comprises two principal modules, the Command and Display Unit -CDU, shown in the picture above, and the Video Camera Unit - VCU, shown
overleaf with the CDU. The CDU features a separate cable reel with Y
connectors to couple to the VCU and the X Ray source. The CDU provides
power and video link to the VCU and they command link to the X Ray source.
The CDU is powered by its integral 12 Volt DC 9AH battery. It can also be
powered by the supplied 110-240 Volt AC transformer or a 10-30 Volt DC
external source. Cable assemblies are provided to link external power sources.
The CDU also features a Video line out socket on the front panel to facilitate theconnection of peripheral equipment such as a Video Recorder for down loading
and storing images.
BOMB DISPOSAL EQUIPMENT
Telescopic Manipulator:
Supreme quality of Telescopic
Manipulator as to provide complete
solution of security equipments to several
organizations throughout world.
Salient features and specifications: It has a minimum length of 4.5 meters
when fully extended (Three rod systems).
It has weight not more than 20 kg
when assembled and ready for use(excluding Tripod).
It has a comfortable shoulder strap
with adjustable sleeve for operator to wear
and handle it.
It provides a standoff distance of
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minimum 4 meters from the claw.
It is able to handle/ lift up to 20 kgs of
weight when fully extended with Tripod as
standard feature.
The claw is adjustable and open to a
minimum of 175 mm. It is also able to
pickup soft objects i.e.
The telescopic manipulator is having
a breakaway tip arrangement, so that in
case of a possible
Explosion, only the tip is damaged
and reduces the recoil effect almost too nil.
The rechargeable battery pack power
source lasts for a minimum of 120 minutes
of continuous operation time. The equipment is to be provided with
only one set rechargeable batteries and
charger.
The equipment will be able to
function at extreme ranges of temperature
i.e., - 20 degree C to +50 degree C.
The electronic components are water
proof.
Telescopic Manipulator
Used for various small and large scale
industries are designed as to complete the
demand of security gates in various
industries. These Telescopic Manipulators
are available in various specifications along
with LCD display. These are quite efficient
for complete security.
The equipment is collapsed state will be
small and wheel portable in a Pelican
carrying case.
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Remote Operated Vehicle:
Remote Operated vehicle that are used inseveral organizations. These are
manufactured using high quality of raw
material and latest technology
equipments and are widely demanded
because of their excellent surveillance and
performance. We trade these Remote
Operated vehicles in various small and
large scale industries of automobile,
construction and many more at
reasonable prices.
Salient features and specifications: After series of improvement and
upgrades Model Rover MARK II is
launched after Rover MARK I.
Rover MARK II can be used as mine
clearance vehicle with ability to carry
cameras, weapons, disruptors, sensitivemanipulators, X-Ray Mounts, Chargers
dropper etc for the bomb detection and
disposal squad.
Recent development has brought high
retention track system which makes the
vehicle second to none in its terrain
capability.
Rover MARK II has a manipulating
arm with cameras fitted to guide the vehicle
in operation. The whole movement can be
viewed from a distance either through cable
or radio control or fiber optic control.
Rover MARK II has track geometry
such that it can rotate at it place.
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Bomb Trolley & Truck:
Bomb Trolley & Truck that is used for
disposing bombs or explosives. These are
available in various specifications. We
trade these Bomb Trolley &
Trucks in various parts of the world at
competitive market prices to several
organizations.
Salient features and specifications:
Blast bin has capacity to with stand
minimum 1.25 kg of TNT or equivalent
quantity of explosive.
The blast bin has a net of suitable
material to suspend the suspected object.
The minimum size of the blast bin is3 ft X 2 ft (dia).
The blast bin installed on the trailer
must operate with wired from a distance of
50m for tilt and stand operation for easy
dropping
The Bomb Trailer has blast proof
platform with good road clearance.
The Bomb Trailer has 4 tubeless tires,
good shock absorbing arrangement for jerk
less traveling along with toeing facility. The robotic arm has the capability for
putting the suspected object in the blast bin
installed in the trailer, with adequate
capability to swivel in all directions.
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Bomb Blanket:
These Bomb Blankets to fulfill the demand
of night vigilance security equipments.
These are available in severalspecifications. We trade these Bomb
Blankets as per the specification of clients.
These are having high tensile strength and
excellent functionality.
Salient features and specifications: Bomb blanket is made up of Kevlar
Armed fabric to with stand F3 Level of
protection V50 at 450 m/sec.
It comes along with safety circle tominimize the impact.
The Bomb Blanket consists of a nylon
web loop near the 4 corners.
In high magnitude explosion the
blanket rises to a parachute configuration
while the sides drop to contain blast.
Rsp Tool Kit:
Rsp Tool Kit that is available in various
specifications. These Rsp Tool Kits are
designed with latest technology and
are used in several Industries for night
vigilance. These Rsp Tool Kits have salient
features like high tensile strength, high
focus, corrosion resistance and high
durability.Tools and specifications:1.Doctor's Stethoscope.
2.Scissors 6",7"8"
3.Dental Mirror 6",10".
4.Arty Forceps 6",7",8",9".
5.Led Torch Two Pencil cell.etc..
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Water Cannon:
Supreme quality of Water Cannonto fulfill the demand of security
equipments. These are having high
performance, tensile strength with
supreme durability.
GUN ROBOT/MINI ROV:
Gun Robot/Mini Rov that is available in
various sizes. These are provided withaccurate specification and are used in
several Industries for detection of metal
items during security checks. This Gun
Robot/Mini Rov has salient features like
high tensile strength, excellent
performance, corrosion resistance and high
durability.
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PORTBLE HAND HELD TRACE DETECTOR SYSTEM
MULTI-MODE THREAT DETECTOR
Feature Highlights
Rugged hand-held detector that identifies of explosives, narcotics,toxic industrial chemicals and chemical warfare agents in one system
Simultaneous detection and identification of explosives and narcotics
from a single sample
Proprietary scan sequencing to detect conventional and home-made
explosives
Truncated alarm for faster clear down
Additional Highlights:
Remote, unattended operation capability with Wi-Fi/Ethernet Intuitive, easy to use interface using a Windows CE based platform
Unlimited data storage via SD memory card
Up to 5 hours of uninterrupted operation with hot-swappable battery
Integrated USB
Four operating modes are available, including a dual mode setting for
simultaneous detection of explosives and narcotics from one sample. Operators can
also quickly switch between particle or vapor analysis methods to utilize the best
method for detecting the suspected threat.Other features include up tofive hours of uninterrupted operation with the two hot
swappable batteries (included); remote, unattended operation for one or more units
with alarm and status information reported to Command & Control via Wi-
Fi/Ethernet; unlimited data storage via SD card; and USB port for exporting
results. The included software allows advanced operators to perform more in-depth
data analyses andprint results via network connection.
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Specifications
Technology Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS)
Radiation Source 63Ni, sealed 15 mCi
Sample Collection Trace Particle and Vapor
Operating Modes Simultaneous Explosives/Narcotics, Explosives only,Narcotics only, Chemical Warfare Agents/Toxic Industrial
Chemicals
Explosives Detected RDX, PETN, TNT, TATP, NG, H202, EGDN and others
Narcotics Detected Cocaine, Heroin, Methamphetamine (including
precursors), THC and others
CWAs Nerve and blister agents such as Tabun, Sarin, Soman,
Cyclosarin, Agent VX and VxTICs Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN), Phosgene, S02, NH3 and
others
Sensitivity Particle: low nanogram (ng) range. Vapor: low parts per
million (ppm) range
False Alarm Rate Less than 1%
Programmable
Channels
Over 40
Input Power 90-264VAC, 1.6A, 47-63Hz
Warm up Time Less than 10 minutes
Analysis Time Less than 10 seconds
Battery Operating Time 5 hours (with two 2.5 hour hot-swap batteries included)
Alarm Type Audio and visual, with substance identification
Display 3.5 Color TFT LCD
Data Storage 2 GB SD card included
Dimensions 48,3 x 21,6 x 20,3 cm (19 x 8.5 x 8)
Weight 5 kg (11 lbs.), including 2.5 hour hot swap battery
Operating TemperatureRange
-7C to + 55C (20F to 131F)
Operating Humidity 0 to 95% non-condensing
Hardened
Specifications
1 meter (3) drop to concrete, ability to operate in sand,
rain, wind conditions. (IP54 operating, IP53 vaporsampling)
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The jacket material is application specific. The material determines the
mechanical robustness, aging due to UV radiation, oil resistance, etc.
Nowadays PVC is being replaced by halogen free alternatives, mainly
driven by more stringent regulations.
MaterialHalogen-
free
UV
ResistanceRemark
LSFH Polymer Yes Good[4] Good for indoor use
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) No Good[5]
Being replaced by LSFHPolymer
Polyethylene (PE) Yes Poor[6][7][8]Good for outdoor
applications
Polyurethane (PUR) Yes ? Highly flexible cables
Polybutylene terephthalate
(PBT)Yes Fair?
[9] Good for indoor use
Polyamide (PA) Yes Good[10]
-Poor[11]
Indoor and outdoor use
Buffer/jacket
colorMeaning
Yellow single-mode optical fiber
Orange multi-mode optical fiber
Aqua10 gig laser-optimized 50/125 micrometer multi-mode opticalfiber
Grey outdated color code for multi-mode optical fiber
Blue Sometimes used to designate polarization-maintaining opticalfiber
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_smoke_zero_halogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyurethanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polybutylene_terephthalatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyamidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-mode_optical_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-mode_optical_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-mode_optical_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization-maintaining_optical_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization-maintaining_optical_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Optical_breakout_cable.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization-maintaining_optical_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization-maintaining_optical_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-mode_optical_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-mode_optical_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-mode_optical_fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyamidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polybutylene_terephthalatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyurethanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_smoke_zero_halogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Optical_breakout_cable.jpg -
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POWER SUPPLY CONNECTORS
Wires and connectors are not perfect conductors. They have resistance. When currentpasses through wires and connectors there is a voltage drop and that energy is lost as
heat. As long as you don't overload them the voltage drop and extra heat don't matter. But
the losses get worse as the current rises. The resistance of connectors tends to increase asthey are plugged and unplugged so after enough uses they can overheat and even meltwhen passing a large current. So a lot of changes in connectors over time has to do with
adding more wires and connectors to make sure that none of these problems occur.
Power connectors included with various kinds of PCs
Version Introduction date Included connectors
PC 1981original PC main power cables
4 pin peripheral cable
ATX 1995 20 pin main power cable4 pin peripheral cable
floppy cable
ATX12V 1.0 2000
20 pin main power cable
4 pin 12 volt cable6 pin auxiliary cable
4 pin peripheral cable
floppy cable
ATX12V 1.3 2003
20 pin main power cable
4 pin 12 volt cable6 pin auxiliary cable
SATA cable
4 pin peripheral cablefloppy cable
ATX12V 2.0 2003
24 pin main power cable
4 pin 12 volt cable
6 Pin PCI Express power cableSATA cable
4 pin peripheral cable
floppy cable
EPS12V 2003
24 pin main power cable
8 pin 12 volt cable6 Pin PCI Express power cable
SATA cable
4 pin peripheral cablefloppy cable
http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#oldpchttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#peripheralhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#atxmain20http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#peripheralhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#floppyhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#atxmain20http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#atx12v4http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#auxhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#peripheralhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#floppyhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#atxmain20http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#atx12v4http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#auxhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#satahttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#peripheralhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#floppyhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#atxmain24http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#atx12v4http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#pciexpresshttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#satahttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#peripheralhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#floppyhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#atxmain24http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#eps8http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#pciexpresshttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#satahttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#peripheralhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#floppyhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#floppyhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#peripheralhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#satahttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#pciexpresshttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#eps8http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#atxmain24http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#floppyhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#peripheralhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#satahttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#pciexpresshttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#atx12v4http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#atxmain24http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#floppyhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#peripheralhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#satahttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#auxhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#atx12v4http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#atxmain20http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#floppyhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#peripheralhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#auxhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#atx12v4http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#atxmain20http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#floppyhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#peripheralhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#atxmain20http://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#peripheralhttp://www.playtool.com/pages/psuconnectors/connectors.html#oldpc