ACCOMMODATING ACCOMMODATING ACCOMMODATIONSACCOMMODATIONS

A bridge to the future for GEDcandidates with learning disabilitiesand/or ADHD.

©Kathleen Ross-Kidder, Ph.D.

GEDTS

Today’s AgendaToday’s Agenda: LD/ADHD : LD/ADHD Research &AccommodationsResearch &Accommodations

Welcome!OverviewBrief Introduction:

– research

– policy development

– Form L-15

– model

– resources

GED PILOT GED PILOT RESEARCHRESEARCH

Documentation-1994-5Documentation-1994-5

Subjects

VIQ Educational

0

50

100

150

200

250

Subjects

VIQ Educational

3-D Column 1

Requests for accommodations less that 1%.

1996-1997 total requests 7,131 28% increase in 1997 Ohio tripled requests for SLD Virginia doubled. Only 30% of requests in 1994

had documentation of potential to pass GED.

Less that 10% had measures of educational achievement.

WAIS-R (WAIS-R (1994-19951994-1995))

Full Scale IQ 88.91

Verbal IQ 86.80

Performance IQ 92.87

WAIS-RWAIS-R(1996-7)(1996-7)

Full Scale IQ 88.10

Verbal IQ 88.45

Performance IQ 90.77

Gender DifferencesGender Differences

FSIQ VIQ PIQ

Males 86.11 84.25 92.73

Females 90.11 88.35 92.96

p.< .67 .62 .83

Correlations with passing Correlations with passing GEDGED

FSIQ .000

VIQ .0001

PIQ .0001

VIQ-PIQDifference

.27

Current ResearchCurrent Research

WAIS-R-III Factor Scores WAIS-R,III - Academic Achievement Accommodations- Success on GED Evaluation of training session-pre/post

training of state administrators

GED NORMSGED NORMS

Pass rate set such that 67% of current high school seniors can be expected to pass.

Low average potential to above would be predicted to pass.

IQ predict-=correlations p.<0001

Data baseData base

Overall potential Significant differences

using standard scores VIQ-PIQ subtests scores factor scores IQ-Achievement Model-GED pass rate

Comparison of verbal Comparison of verbal subtestssubtests

0

2

4

6

8

10 Information

DigitSpan

Vocabulary

Arithmetic

Comprehension

Similarities

Information 7.16 Digit Span 8.00 Vocabulary 7.22 Arithmetic 6.70 Comprehension 9.55 Similarities 8.35

Nonverbal SubtestsNonverbal Subtests

7

7.5

8

8.5

9

9.5PictureCompletion

PictureArrangement

BlockDesign

ObjectAssembly

DigitSymbol

Picture Completion 9.38 Picture Arrangement 8.44 Block Design 8.06 Object Assembly 7.98 Digit Symbol 7.36

Introducing Form L-15:Introducing Form L-15:

define policy define program preview video:

Accommodating Accommodations!

Legal IssuesLegal Issues

ADA, 504, IDEA Potential to do task Documented disability Significantly

negatively impacts on one of life’s major activities

least restrictive

FORM-L-15: Form to request FORM-L-15: Form to request accommodations for LD and/or ADHDaccommodations for LD and/or ADHD

Basic Information: Names, center, etc Documentation

– qualifications of professionals– measurement of potential– measurement of information processing– measurement of current achievement

Accommodations requested

Policy Formation TimelinePolicy Formation Timeline

1990, ADA Requests begin 1996, Introduction 1996, Fall symposium

of experts 1997, GED request

clarity and policy 1997 Maryland

National Panel

TimelineTimeline

Policy presented at NASSLN Review by Departments of Justice and

Education for guidance. Legal review Addition of Neil Sturomski, Educational

specialist, January 1998. Mini Pilot Training, 1 day: March, 1998

Training begins: Training begins: September, 1998September, 1998

Assessment experts review July 11,1998. Advocacy experts review July 17, 1998. State administrators training sessions &

certification.

TRAINING SESSIONSTRAINING SESSIONS

Definition Legal Issues Learning Disability/ADHD Form L-15 Discrepancy model Appropriate accommodations Resourcing!

Accommodations PolicyAccommodations Policy

Clear and transparent as possible!

Consistent! Encourage outreach! Bridges to the future! Research supported

Educational (IDEA) DefinitionEducational (IDEA) Definition

Average to above average intellectual potential (GED broadly defines as 70 or above.

Information processing dysfunction Significant discrepancy in academic

achievement that is due to information processing dysfunction

Not primarily due to emotional or cultural factors.

Form L-15Form L-15 to receive

accommodations

Information Processing

Intellectual Potential

Academic Achievement

THE SCREENING MODEL: LEVEL 1

IQ= 70 or above?

VIQ-PIQ= 8 or moreSignificant factor discrepancy

•Bannatyne•ACID

Academic achievement significantly below IQ= 15 points or more?

FORM L-15

Process: Level 1Process: Level 1

candidate

advocate/teacher/chief administrator psychologist

educational specialiststate administrator

Steps in completingSteps in completing

Get Form L-15 Gather needed information from psychologists,

psychiatrists and/or educators. Present completed Form L-15 to advocate or

GED center administrator. Form is forwarded to GED state administrator

who approves or not approves.

THE MODEL:SUMMARY

Completed Form L-15Chief examiner State administrator

GED Expert Clinical Review

Level 1

Level 2

• approval• more information• nonapproval

Process: Level 2:ExpertProcess: Level 2:Expert

Level 3: Appeals Panel Clinical Review

THE REVIEW MODEL: LEVEL 3

Panel Appeal Clinical Review• Questions about documentation• Candidate’s request for further review• Questions about IQ below 70• Legal challenge to nonapproval

GEDTS Washington, D.C.

Form L-15 and case history from file

The ModelThe Model

INTELLECTUAL POTENTIAL

IQ above 70?INFORMATIONPROCESSINGDYSFUNCTION

Verbal IQ-Performance IQ=+8?Factor Scores: Bannatyne

ACID

SIGNIFICANTACADEMIC DISCREPANCY

IQ-Achievement =15

To review: The processTo review: The process the candidate advocate certified professional state administrator GED clinical review

Level 4:Review/Advisory Level 4:Review/Advisory BoardBoard

SummarySummary

Policy Model Form Training Model Review panel Advisory Board Research

Where to get more informationWhere to get more information

GED Homepage: http://gwis2.circ.gwu.edu/~kkid/gedhome.htm

Accommodations in Higher Education Under the American with Disabilities Act(ADA) edited by Gordon & Keiser, 1998.

Training sessions!