accountancy in the new product development (npd) process · sinden, h. (2017) accountancy in the...

Sinden, H. (2017) Accountancy in the New Product Development (NPD)

Process, Journal of Cost Engineering, 21(1) pp.135.151.

Accountancy in the New Product

Development (NPD) Process

H Sinden

University of Liverpool

SYNOPSIS

New Product Introduction (NPD) encompasses the development of new products or

modifications to existing ones, driven by the market needs. Delays in the NPD process

potentially lead to extended time-to-market and eventually longer lead times. Time-to-market

is an important measure of the performance of an organisation, together with productivity and

quality. Many companies attempt to reduce the time-to-market of their products and services

in order to increase their competitive advantage.

There are several factors that contribute to extended time-to-market. These can be experienced

by a number of companies irrespective of their industry and target market. Prioritising these

factors can prove a cumbersome activity. By formulating a calculation that allows us to

quantify the losses caused by delays in the process, it is possible to identify the most

significant of such delays and their effect on the company’s profitability. According to the

results, action can be taken to improve the company performance. This paper forms part of the

research carried out on this subject.

1 THE NPD PROCESS AND TIME-TO-MARKET

The ability to introduce products or services early to the market, potentially enables a greater

market share and price realisation. Conversely, a long development process exposes the

project to the risk of changes in market and environment. A brief list of the most common

reasons that leads to an extended time-to-market includes: unrealistic customer expectations;

late, inaccurate, and incorrect data; poor project management; long and inefficient

development process; numerous engineering changes; and ill-defined overall processes.



A number of solutions have been suggested that can reduce time-to-market for a product or

service, including: simultaneous development of the various stages in the overall process; an

early resolution of design conflict and uncertainty; and an organisational structure tailored to

the development project. However, the problems occur when the obvious options have been

explored and further improvements are required. The key is to look at the complete processes

from market opportunity to after delivery support and identify the activities that cause delays.

Some of these activities may not affect the time-to-market but others will significantly impact

and extend its duration.

A measure is also needed to assist in prioritising these delays so that actions can be taken

against their reduction or even elimination. A financial calculation of the actual and potential

costs caused by these delays can prove a valuable aid in this process. Taking this a step

further, it is also possible to identify the impact of the particular delay in question to the

bottom line profitability.

2. THE CALCULATION

In order to calculate the actual and potential costs of a delay, the impact of this delay to the

business needs to be identified. The activity that is considered a delay could be an inefficiency

in the process or otherwise known as a “waste”, or it could be a “non-value-adding” activity

that has to be followed under the current circumstances. In both cases this activity, if the

attendance of a resource is necessary, carries a cost. This is an actual cost since the resource

could be more efficiently utilised completing a “value adding” activity.

Additionally, most companies are required to compensate their customers for delayed

deliveries of services or products. These penalties, in certain industries known as liquidation

damages, often represent a percentage of the order value. A percentage of these penalties also

forms part of the actual cost that can be attributed to the delay(s).

Finally, a potential cost can be identified due to lost opportunity. Customers are turned away

due to the length of the time-to-market. In certain industries these customers will never return

thereby reducing the market share of the organisation in the specific market.

2.1 Actual Cost of the Delay

In order to calculate the actual cost, the duration of the delay in hours (D) needs to be

identified. Process modelling as well as value stream mapping can assist in identifying the

delays as well as estimating their duration. In order to calculate the actual cost of the delay

itself, D needs to be multiplied by the average internal hourly rate (Ihr). If a specific resource

is used to undertake this task then the actual hourly rate could be used for a more accurate

calculation. Therefore:

Actual Cost (CA) based on the delay: CA = D x Ihr (1)

If this delay reoccurs in the process or throughout the year then

∑CA = n(D x Ihr) (2)

where:

n = number of times delay occurs in the year



To identify the Total Cost for all the delays (∑D) in the process then the following equation

can be used:

∑CA = n(∑D x Ihr) (3)

2.2 Actual Cost due to Penalties (Liquidation Damages) in the Customer Contract

Most of the companies are required to compensate their customers for delayed deliveries of

services or products. However, not all orders are covered by this clause. If penalties or

liquidation damages apply then a percentage of the amount paid can be attributed to the

delay(s) in the NPD process.

To calculate this figure we need to use the Average Order Value (Aov). The Average Order

Value can be calculated as follows:

Identify the total quantity of customer orders per year (QCO)

Divide the Sales Turnover for the year (T) with the customer orders to calculate the

Average Order Value

Aov = T / QCO (4)

The next step is to identify the number of orders that have a penalties or liquidation damages

clause in their contract (QP). This information should be readily available. However, in failing

to produce it a percentage of the orders with penalties can be used.

The quantity of customer orders that penalties are paid this year or are expected to be paid

(QC) needs to be considered. If this information is not available then an estimated percentage

of the QPs can be used.

Usually, the liquidation damages or penalties (P) are a percentage (Pc) of the customer order

value therefore:

P = (Qc x Aov x PC) / 100 (5)

However, not all of this value can be attributed to the delay(s) in question. In order to identify

the potential attributed cost due to the particular delay then the contribution of this delay to the

overall time-to-market needs to be identified. In order to do this the following needs to be

calculated:

Identify typical value of time-to-market (Th) in hours

Using the already identified value D (delay in hours) calculate the contribution (C) of the

delay to the overall time-to-market as:

C = (D / Th) x 100 (6)

If an overall delay figure needs to be used then the above equation will be:

C = (∑D / T) x 100 (7)

This means that the Liquidation Damages or Penalties (PLD) this year attributed to the delay

are:

PLD = P x C (8)

This calculation will be sufficient for companies that have limited product variety. This means

that all products have very similar values and they are covered by fairly identical processes. In



the case of a company with a diversity of products the above calculations will become more

meaningful. If values such as the Average Order Value, the Sales Turnover, and the

Liquidation Damages or Penalties are calculated by product family.

2.3 Potential Cost due to Lost Orders (Opportunity Cost)

Delays in the process, apart from actual costs, can also lead to potential loss of customer

orders and market share. To identify the potential costs due to lost order caused by long time-

to-market the method below needs to be followed:

The quantity of lost orders (CLO) in value due to the delay is required in order to calculate this

potential cost. If this information is not readily available it can be calculated by following the

analysis described below:

Identify the number of quotations that are received each year (Qq)

Identify the number of quotations that have been successful and converted to a customer

order (Qsq)

Calculate the orders lost: Qq - Qsq

In order to convert this into monetary value the Average Order Value (Aov) needs to be

multiplied to the above calculation: CLO = (Qq - Qsq) x Aov (9)

However, not all the lost orders can be attributed to the long lead times or time-to-market,

factors such as quality and service may lead to order loss. Therefore, a percentage needs to be

identified to reflect the amount of quotations that were not realised as orders due to extended

time-to-market. If this information cannot be retrieved by real data, then an estimated

percentage (TTM) would have to be used for this calculation.

Then the potential order loss due to long time-to-market (Cttm) can be represented as:

Cttm = (CLO x TTM) / 100 (10)

As above (1.2), the contribution of the delay can be identified by the use of the C factor.

Finally, to calculate the Potential Attributed Cost to the Problem due to loss of Customer

Orders or Opportunity Cost (Co) the following formula needs to be used:

Co = Cttm x C (11)

The above note regarding product families applies to this section as well. More meaningful

figures will be calculated if the values are based on product family averages rather than

averages derived by data covering all products.

2.4. Summary

The summary results from the above calculations are:

Actual Cost Attributed to the Delay (ACD): ACD = ∑A + PLD (12)

Potential Cost Attributed to the Delay (PC): PC = P (13)



To identify these losses (L) as a percentage of the Sales Turnover (T) the following

calculation can be performed:

L = [(ACD + PC) / T] % (14)

If these losses can be reduced or eliminated, an equal increase to the profitability should be

realised.

3. CONCLUSION

The values of Actual Cost Attributed to the Delay (ACD) and Potential Cost Attributed to the

Delay (PC) will give a good measure of the impact of the delay in question in terms of actual

and potential losses that occur throughout the NPD process. This measure can assist in

prioritisation of these delays so that an adequate plan can be produced for their reduction or

were possible elimination. The percentage of Losses (L) itself is a very valuable indicator as to

how detrimental to the business the impact of the delay is. A high value of L could mean that

a company might never recover, or that immediate action needs to be taken so that the

particular delay(s) does not appear in the future.

To enhance the above calculations further research will be carried out in expanding the

potential costs section (PC). A study also needs to be carried out to define the levels of Losses

(L) and their meaning to a company's performance.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJHFE.2014.062550

http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJHFE.2014.062550



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Study of Lighting Design”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8433-6073-9.

Page, T. (2012) “The Influence of Mobile Devices and Apps on Product Design: Design

Tools on the Move”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-11120-4.

Page, T. (2012) “Sustainability in the Design of Electronic Consumer-Based Products:

Models and materials”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8484-0280-9.

Page, T. (2012) “Mobile Apps as Design Practice Tools in Education and Practice: Electronic

Product Design”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-11733-6.

Page, T. (2012) “Healthcare Innovations: Service and Product Design”, Lambert Academic

Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-12465-5.

Page, T. (2012) “Technology of Car Crime Prevention: Evaluation of Anti-Theft Devices”,


Page, T. (2012) “Intellectual Property and Business Competitiveness”, Lambert Academic

Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-15569-7.

Page, T. (2012) “Developing Technologies in Mobile Applications”, Lambert Academic

Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-15757-8.



Page, T. (2012) “Battery Technology in the Development of Power Tools”, Lambert


Page, T. (2012) “A Study of Smartphone Text Input Methods”, Lambert Academic

Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-16826-0.

Page, T. (2012) “Scientific and Technological Diffusion in Engineering Design: Technology

Transfer and New Futures”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-17429-2.

Page, T. (2012) “A Usability Study of Automotive Control Screen Displays”, Lambert


Page, T., ''Transmission End Beep Tone'', Radio Communication, 72(1), 1996, pp 42-43,

ISSN 0033-7803.

Page, T., ''Automatic Tape Switch'', Radio Communication, 72(7), 1996, pp 35-36, ISSN

0033-7803.

Page, T. and Milburn, R., ''Causes of Misregistration in Multilayer PCBs during Prepreg

Bonding'', Electronics Manufacturing Engineering: Society of Manufacturing Engineers,

Dearborn, MI, USA, 181, 2004, pp 12-18.

Ganesh, K., Nagarajan, S., Malairajan, R.A., and Page, T. “Special Issue on Heuristics and

Meta-Heuristics for Integrated Supply Chain Optimization Problems”. International Journal

of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management, 6(2), pp.iv-viii, April-June 2013.

Page, T. and Gilliatt, J., ''An Approach to the Assessment of Engineering Design Activity as

Practiced in the UK'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology, Proceedings of the 7th

National Conference on Production Research, Hatfield, UK, 1991, pp 162-166, ISBN 0-

900458-46-1.

Page, T. and Parkinson, B., ''Functional Design'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology VII,

Proceedings of the 9th National Conference on Manufacturing Research, University of Bath,

UK, 1993, pp 1-5, ISBN 1-85790-005-7.

Page, T., ''Concurrent Engineering: Implications for a New Material Supplier/Customer

Relationship'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology VII, Proceedings of the 9th National

Conference on Manufacturing Research, University of Bath, UK, 1993, pp 1-5, ISBN 1-

85790-005-7.

Page, T., ''Concurrent Engineering: Simultaneous Design and Manufacture'', Advances in

Manufacturing Technology VII, Proceedings of the 9th National Conference on

Manufacturing Research, University of Bath, UK, 1993, pp 1-5, ISBN 1-85790-005-7.



Page, T. and Parkinson, B., ''Concurrent Engineering: An Educational Perspective'',

Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Concurrent Engineering & Electronic

Design Automation, Poole, UK, 1994, pp 208-212, ISBN 1-56555-074-9.

Page, T. and Beamish, J.C., ''A Knowledge-Based Tool for Conducting Design for

Manufacture in a Surface Mount Technology Environment'', Advances in Manufacturing

Technology IX, Proceedings of the 11th National Conference on Manufacturing Research, De

Montfort University, UK, 1995, pp 125-129, ISBN 0-7484-0400-7.

Page, T., Loke, S. and Arunachalam, S., ''The Integration of a Knowledge-Based System and

a Gantt Chart Scheduling Application for Solving the Machine Shop Scheduling Problem'',

Advances in Manufacturing Technology XII, Proceedings of the 14th National Conference on

Manufacturing Research, University of Derby, UK, 1998, pp 727-732, ISBN 1-86058-172-2.

Page, T., ''Implementation of Sample Design Rules in a Commercially Used PCB Design

Application'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology XIV, Proceedings of the 16th National

Conference on Manufacturing Research, University of East London, UK, 2000, pp 125-129,

ISBN 1-86058-267-2.

Page, T., ''A Knowledge-Based Methodology for Guidelines and Rules in the Design for

Assembly of Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology XIV,

Proceedings of the 16th National Conference on Manufacturing Research, University of East

London, UK, 2000, pp 131-135, ISBN 1-86058-267-2.

Page, T., ''A Declarative Representation of Component Selection Guidelines and the Rules in

the Design for Assembly of Printed Circuit Boards'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology

XIV, Proceedings of the 16th National Conference on Manufacturing Research, University of

East London, UK, 2000, pp 137-141, ISBN 1-86058-267-2.

Page, T., ''A Review of Information Requirements for Conducting Design for Assembly in

Surface Mount Technology'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology XiV, Proceedings of

the 16th National Conference on Manufacturing Research, University of East London, UK,

2000, pp 215-219, ISBN 1-86058-267-2.

Page, T. and Milburn, R., ''Causes of Misregistration in Multi-layer Printed Circuit boards

during Prepreg bonding'', Knowledge driven manufacturing, CIT Press, Cork Ireland, The

20th International Manufacturing Conference IMC20, Cork Institute of Technology, 2003, pp

274-279, ISBN 0 9545736 0 9.

Page, T., ''Knowledge-Based Computer-Aided Process Planning Approaches in Electronics

Manufacturing'', Knowledge Driven Manufacturing, CIT Press, Cork Ireland, The 20th

International Manufacturing Conference IMC20, Cork Institute of Technology, 2003, pp 296-

301, ISBN 0 9545736 0 9.



Page, T., Koliza, V., Pearce, D. and Khoudian, P., ''Soft Systems Methodology applied in the

New Product Introduction (NPI) Process'', Knowledge Driven Manufacturing, CIT Press,

Cork, Ireland, The 20th International Manufacturing Conference, IMC20, Cork Institute of

Technology, 2003, pp 575-581, ISBN 0 9545736 0 9.

Page, T., Koliza, V., Pearce, D. and Khoudian, P., ''Formulation of a calculation for

identifying actual and potential costs incurred by delays in the New Product Introduction

Process'', Proceedings of the 19th National Conference on Manufacturing Research,

Professional Engineering Publishing, 19th National Conference on Manufacturing Research,

Strathclyde University, 2003, pp 229-234, ISBN 1 86058 412 8.

Page, T., ''Embodiment of fine-pitch design for manufacturing guidelines and rules in printed

circuit board (PCB) design software'', Proceedings of the 19th National Conference on

Manufacturing Research, Professional Engineering Publishing, 19th National Conference on

Manufacturing Research, Strathclyde University, 2003, pp 259-264, ISBN 1 86058 412 8.

Page, T., ''A case study in the use of internet-based tutorials and a managed learning

environment in support of the teaching and learning of CAD/CAM'', Proceedings of the 19th

National Conference on Manufacturing Research, Professional Engineering Publishing, 19th

National Conference on Manufacturing Research, Strathclyde University, 2003, pp 303-308,

ISBN 1 86058412 8.

Page, T., ''Embodiment of fine-pitch design for manufacturing guidelines and rules in printed

circuit board (PCB) design software'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology XVII,

Professional Engineering Publishing, First International Conference on Manufacturing

Research, Strathclyde University, 2003, pp 259-264, ISBN 1 86058 412 8.

Page, T., ''A case study in the use of internet-based tutorials and a managed learning

environment in support of the teaching and learning of CAD/CAM'', Advances in

Manufacturing Technology XVII, Professional Engineering Publishing, First International

Conference on Manufacturing Research, Strathclyde University, 2003, pp 303-308, ISBN 1

86058 412 8.

Page, T., Koliza, V., Pearce, D. and Khoudian, P., ''Formulation of a calculation for

identifying actual and potential costs caused by delays in the new product introduction

process'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology XVII, Professional Engineering Publishing,

First International Conference on Manufacturing Research, Strathcylde University, 2003, pp

229-234, ISBN 1 86058 412 8.

Baguley, P., Bramall, D., Marpoulos, P. and Page, T., ''The automation of sustainability via

re-use, modularization and fuzzy logic'', Design and manufacture for sustainable development

2004, Bhamra, T. and Hon, B. (eds), Professional Engineering Publishing Ltd, UK,

Loughborough University, 2004, pp 65-74, ISBN 1 86058 470 5.



Page, T. and Lehtonen, M., ''Internet-based Tutorials and a Managed Learning Environment

in Teaching Microcontroller Interfacing'', Proceedings of the TEKA/FATE Symposium on

Technology Education 2004, Kananoja, T. (ed), TEKA/FATE Symposium, Turku, Finland,

2004, pp 201-207, ISBN 951-634-884-8.

Page, T. and Lehtonen, M., ''Internet-based Tutorials and a Managed Learning Environment

in Teaching Microcontroller Interfacing'', Technology Education and Educational Technology

and Training Practices 2004, Kananojo, T. (ed), TEKA/FATE Symposium, Turku, Finland,

2004, pp 313-319, ISSN 1459-6830.

Clegg, B. and Page, T., ''The Commercial-Financial Perspective of the Extended Enterprise

Matrix'', 10th International Conference on Concurrent Enterprising, Escuela Superior de

Ingenieros, Seville, Spain, 2004, Poster Presentation.

Koliza, V., Pearce, D., Khoudian, P., O'Sullivan, J. and Page, T., ''Performance Measurement

of the New Product Introduction'', Proceedings of the 20th National Conference on

Manufacturing Research, Sheffield Hallam University, 2004, pp 294-298.

Koliza, V., Pearce, D., Khoudian, P., O'Sullivan, J. and Page, T., ''Performance Measurement

of the New Product Introduction Process'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology,

Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Manufacturing Research, Sheffield

Hallam University, 2004, pp 294-298, ISBN 1 84387 088 6.

Baguley, P., Page, T., Koliza, V. and Maropoulos, P., ''Time to Market Prediction Using

Type-2 Fuzzy Sets'', Proceedings of the 20th National Conference on Manufacturing

Research, Sheffield Hallam University, 2004, pp 299-304.

Baguley, P., Page, T., Koliza, V. and Maropoulos, P., ''Time to Market Prediction Using

Type-2 Fuzzy Sets'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology. Proceedings of the 2nd

International Conference on Manufacturing Research, Sheffield Hallam University, 2004, pp

299-304, ISBN 1 84387 088 6.

Baguley, P., Page, T. and Maropoulos, P., ''Sophisticated Cost Modelling'', Proceedings of the

20th National Conference on Manufacturing Research, Sheffield Hallam University, 2004, pp

305-309.

Baguley, P., Page, T. and Maropoulos, P., ''Sophisticated Cost Modelling'', Advances in

Manufacturing Technology, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on

Manufacturing Research, Sheffield Hallam University, 2004, pp 305-309, ISBN 1 84387 088

6.

Page, T., ''An Application of Internet-Based Tutorials and a Managed Learning Environment

in Support of Microcontroller Interfacing'', Proceedings of the 20th National Conference on

Manufacturing Research, Sheffield Hallam University, 2004, pp 459-464.



Page, T., ''An Application of Internet-Based Tutorials and a Managed Learning Environment

in Support of Teaching and Learning in Microcontroller Interfacing'', Advances in

Manufacturing Technology, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on

Manufacturing Research, Sheffield Hallam University, 2004, pp 459-464, ISBN 1 84387 088

6.

Page, T., ''An Analysis of Registration Errors in High Density Interconnects Caused During

Bonding of Multi-Layer Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)'', Proceedings of the 20th National

Conference on Manufacturing Research, Sheffield Hallam University, 2004, pp 67-72.

Page, T., ''An Analysis of Registration Errors in High Density Interconnects Caused during

Bonding of Multi-layer Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)'', Advances in Manufacturing

Technology, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Manufacturing Research,

Sheffield Hallam University, 2004, pp 67-72, ISBN 1 84387 088 6.

Koliza, V., Pearce, D., Khoudian, P., O'Sullivan, J. and Page, T., ''Qualitative Analysis of the

New Product Introduction (NPI) related Issues'', Proceedings of the 21st International

Manufacturing Conference IMC21, University of Limerick, 2004, pp 27-32, ISBN 1 8746537

7 1.

Page, T. and Baguley, P., ''Prevention of Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) through Design

for Assembly of Printed Circuit Boards'', Proceedings of the 21st International Manufacturing

Conference IMC21, University of Limerick, 2004, pp 321-328, ISBN 1 8746537 7 1.

Page, T., ''Embodiment of Fine-Pitch Design Rules in a PCB Design Application'',

Proceedings of the 21st International Manufacturing Conference IMC21, University of

Limerick, 2004, pp 553-558, ISBN 1 8746537 7 1.

Baguley, P., Page, T., Maropoulos, P.G. and Koliza, V., ''Type 2 Fuzzy Sets used in

Evaluating a New Product Introduction Process'', Proceedings of the 21st International

Manufacturing Conference IMC21, University of Limerick, 2004, pp 635-642, ISBN 1

8746537 7 1.

Page, T., Baguley, P. and Schaefer, D., ''Maintaining Electromagnetic Compatibility through

Design for Fabrication & Assembly of Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)'', ECAD/ECAE 2004,

Proceedings of the lst International Conference on Electrical/Electromechanical Computer

Aided Design & Engineering, Maropoulos, P.G. & Schaefer, D. (eds), ECAD/ECAE 2004,

University of Durham, November 2004, pp 101-105, ISBN 0-953555-3-6.

Page, T., Baguley, P. and Schaefer, D., ''Ensuring Electromagnetic Compliance in Printed

Circuit Boards Through Design for Assembly Guidelines'', ECAD/ECAE 2004, Proceedings

of the lst International Conference on Electrical/Electromechanical Computer-Aided Design

& Engineering, Maropoulos, P.G. & Schaefer, D. (eds), ECAD/ECAE 2004, University of

Durham, November 2004, pp 106-110, ISBN 0-953555-3-6.



Baguley, P., Schaefer, D. and Page, T., ''Costing Issues Regarding Product Variant Design'',

ECAD/ECAE 2004, Proceedings of the lst International Conference on

Electrical/Electromechanical Computer-Aided Design & Engineering, Maropoulos, P.G. &

Schaefer. D. (eds), ECAD/ECAE 2004, University of Durham, November 2004, pp 41-45,

ISBN 0-9535558-3-6.

Iskanius, P., Page, T. and Haapasalo, H., ''Moving Toward an Agile Supply Chain - A Case

Study from a Traditional Industry Sector'', ICAM 2005 International Conference on Agile

Manufacturing 2005 Proceedings, International Society of Agile Manufacturing (ISAM),

ICAM 2005, Helsinki University of Technology, 2005, pp 179-188.

Iskanius, P. and Page, T., ''Development Road Map towards e-business - A Case Study'',

Proceedings of the 22nd International Manufacturing Conference IMC22, Vickery, J. (ed),

22nd International Manufacturing Conference, Institute of Technology Tallaght, Ireland,

2005, pp 493-500, ISBN 0-9551218.

Koliza, V., Khoudion, P., Pearce, O., O'Sullivan, J. and Page, T., ''A Sensitivity Analysis on

Organisations with Different Characteristics of New Product Introduction and Time To

Market Variations'', Proceedings of the 22nd International Manufacturing Conference - IMC

22, Vickery, John (ed), 22nd International Manufacturing Conference IMC22, Tallaght,

Ireland, 2005, pp 613-618, ISBN 0-9551218-0-9.

Page, T., ''A Learner Centred Evaluation of Hypermedia-based Learning Resources in

Blended Learning in Microcontroller Product Design'', Proceedings of DATA International

Research Conference 2005, Norman, E.W.L., Spendlove, D. and Grover, P. (eds), Design and

Technology Association, Inspire and Educate, DATA International Research Conference

2005, Sheffield Hallam University, July 2005, pp 147-151, ISBN 1-898788-75-8.

Page, T., ''A Hypermedia-based Learning Environment in Support of Blended Learning in

Electronic Product Design'', Proceedings of the third International Conference on Engineering

and Product Design Education EPD05, Engineering and Product Design Education 2005,

Napier University, Edinburgh, September 2005, pp 497-502.

Valiusaityte, I., Rajabally, E., and Page, T., ‘Mathematical Means for Assessing Military

Aircraft Performance as Applied to Training Effectiveness’, Proceedings of Simulations

Interoperability Standards Organisation (SISO): Simulation Interoperability Workshop Fall

2008, Paper ref: 08F-SIW-013, (TRAIN Forum), Orlando, Florida, USA, September 2008,

pp. 771-781.

Page, T., ''Development of a Database for the Analysis of Non-Linear Materials within a

Finite Element Modelling Package'', Non-Linear Applications in Finite Element Analysis,

Institute of Mechanical Engineers, London, 2001, pp1-5.



Page, T. and Baguley, P., ''Preservation of Electromagnetic Compatibility Through Effective

Design for Manufacturing of Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)'', October 2004, pp 1-10, Society

of Manufacturing Engineer, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB292.

Maropoulos, P.G., Baguley, P., Page, T. and Koliza, V., ''Evaluation and Performance

Measurement of the New Product Development Process'', October 2004, pp 1-10, Society of

Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB300.

Page, T. and Baguley, P., ''Sustainable Design and Manufacturing Implications Through Re-

Use, Modularization and Fuzzy Logic'', October 2004, pp 1-12, Society of Manufacturing

Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB299.

Page, T., ''Design for Assembly Constraints in Surface Mount Technology'', October 2004, pp

1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper:

TP04PUB295.

Page, T., ''Knowledge-Based Support for the Provision of Design for Assembly Guidelines

and Rules in Electronics Manufacturing'', October 2004, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing


Page, T., ''Development and Integration of a Non-Linear Materials Database for Finite

Element Analysis (FEA)'', October 2004, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers,

Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB297.

Page, T., ''Representation of Component Selection Rules for Design for Assembly of Printed

Circuit Boards'', October 2004, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI,

USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB298.

Baguley, P., Maropoulos, P., Page, T. and Koliza, V., ''The Reduction of Product

Development Lead-Time Using Type-2 Fuzzy Sets'', October 2004, pp 1-8, Society of

Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PPUB304.

Page, T., ''A Review of Knowledge-Based Computer-Aided Process Planning Approaches in

Electronics Manufacturing'', October 2004, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers,


Baguley, P., Maropoulos, P. and Page, T., ''Cost Engineering for New Product Design and

Innovation'', October 2004, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA,

Technical Paper: TP04PUB302.

Koliza, V., Page, T. and Pearce, D., ''Classification of Actual & Potential Cost Formulae

Caused by Delays in the New Product Development (NPD) Process'', October 2004, pp 1-8,

Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB303.



Page, T., ''Thick Film Microelectronic Packaging Technology'', October 2004, pp 1-8, Society

of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB341.

Page, T., ''A Demonstration of the Implementation of Fine Pitch Design Rules in a PCB

Design Application'', October 2004, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn,

MI,USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB294.

Pearce, D., Khoudian, P., Page, T. and Koliza, V., ''Application of the Soft Systems

Methodology in the New Product Development (NPD) Process'', October 2004, pp 1-9,


Haapasalo, H., Iskanius, P. and Page, T., ''Order Delivery Process in Manufacturing Network

Deploying Manufacturing Philosophies in the Steel Product Industry'', November 2004, pp 1-

10, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper:

TP04PUB319.

Haapasalo, H., Iskanius, P. and Page, T., ''The Development of a Design and Manufacturing

Collaboration Agreement'', November 2004, pp 1-12, Society of Manufacturing Engineers,


Alaruikka, A.M., Iskanius, P. and Page, T., ''Data Translations in Information Flow in a

Finnish Steel Product Industry Network'', November 2004, pp 1-15, Society of Manufacturing


Iskanius, P., Page, T. and Pikka, V., ''The Influence that the Focal Company has over its

Supply Network - A Case Study in Steel Product Design & Manufacture'', November 2004,

pp 1-16, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper:

TP04PUB321.

Iskanius, P., Uusipaavalniemi, S. and Page, T., ''Steel Product Design & Manufacturing - A

Case Study in Agility'', November 2004, pp 1-18, Society of Manufacturing Engineers,


Iskanius, P., Uusipaavalniemi, S. and Page, T., ''The Development of a Collaborative Venture

in an Agile Supply Chain - A Case Study in Steel Product Design'', November 2004, pp 1-20,

Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04 PUB317.

Budan, A,, Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''The Use of a Simulated Annealing Algorithm for

Design Optimization of Steel and Composite Leaf Springs'', November 2004, pp 1-28,


Clegg, B. and Page, T., ''The Use of the Extended Enterprise Matrix to Derive Costs in

Product Development'', November 2004, pp 1-6, Society of Manufacturing Engineers,




Arunachalam, S., Sankaranarayanaswamy, K., Page, T. and Dhanalakshmi, V., ''Optimal Part

Family Formation Using a Realistic Fuzzy Set Theoretic Approach in Cellular

Manufacturing'', November 2004, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI,


Sankaranarayanaswamy, K., Arunachalam, S., Page, T. and Dhanalakshmi, V., ''Automatic

Evaluation of alternate Tool Access Directions (TADs) using STEP for Minimal Set-up

Changes'', November 2004, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA,


Koliza, V., Khoudian, P., Pearce, D., Page, T. and O'Sullivan, J., ''Monitoring of Performance

in the New Product Development (NPD) Process: Qualitative Analysis of Benchmarks'',

November 2004, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical

Paper: TP04PUB320.

Page, T., ''Supply Chain Management - A Review of Integrated Design & Manufacture'',

November 2004, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical

Paper: TP04PUB324.

Page, T., ''A Case Study in the Implementation of an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

System'', November 2004, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA,


Page, T., ''A Discussion of Quality Management Systems Implementation - A European

Context'', November 2004, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA,


Page, T., ''Modern Photoplotting Formats'', November 2004, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing


Page, T., ''A Specification for Design for Assembly Support in Surface Mount Technology

Utilizing a Knowledge-Based System'', December 2004, pp 1-25, Society of Manufacturing


Page, T., ''The Design of a Manifold Tract Component Through the Analysis of Solid-Fluid

Interaction Using F.E.A.'', December 2004, pp 1-29, Society of Manufacturing Engineers,


Page, T., ''A Description of the Design, Fabrication and Assembly of Printed Circuit Boards

(PCBs) Using Surface Mount Technology (SMT) & Plated Through Hole (PTH)

Technology'', December 2004, pp 1-45, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI,




Page, T., ''Design Guidelines and Rules for Effective Yield in Manufacturing & Assembly of

Printed Circuit Boards Utilizing Surface Mount Technology'', December 2004, pp 1-45,


Page, T., ''An Appraisal of Database Technologies in Support of Manufacturing Operation

Decision Making'', 2005, pp 1-10, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA,

Technical Paper TP05PUB155.

Mohanasumdaram, K., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''An Application of Performance

Measurement in an Assembly Job Shop Environment - A Case Study'', 2005, pp 1-12, Society

of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB33.

Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''Criteria for Successful Implementation of Decision Support

Systems'', February 2005, pp 1-10, Socieity of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA,


Page, T., ''Implementation Issues in Data Warehousing'', February 2005, pp 1-12, Society of


Page, T., ''A Classification of Data Mining Techniques'', February 2005, pp 1-12, Society of


Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''Engineering Optimization Using Genetic Algorithms'',

February 2005, pp 1-12, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical

Paper: TP05PUB18.

Page, T., ''The Use of Topological Optimization Within a Finite Element Package for the

Design of a Structural Component'', February 2005, pp 1-13, Society of Manufacturing


Page, T., ''Design of a Bracket Fixture for Vibrational Analysis of a Fluid-Filled Manifold

Tract Utilizing Modal Analysis in FEA'', February 2005, pp 1-14, Society of Manufacturing


Senthil, P., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''A Novel Algorithm for Parallel Machine

Scheduling'', February 2005, pp 1-17, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI,


Page, T., ''Engineering Design Methods - A Review and Classification of Sources'', February

2005, pp 1-24, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper:

TP05PUB13.

Page, T., ''A Demonstration of the Decision Support System Utilized in Support in the Design

for Assembly of Printed Circuit Boards'', February 2005, pp 1-27, Society of Manufacturing




Sundararaj, G., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''A Review of Experimental Techniques

Applied in Cryogenic Treatment of Cutting Tols and Metals'', February 2005, pp 1-35,


Page, T., ''A Representation of Design Guidelines and Rules in Electronic Design for

Manufacturing Utilizing Knowledge Representation Schema'', February 2005, pp 1-57,


Arunachalam, S., Loke, S. and Page, T., ''Solving the Machine Shop Scheduling Problem

Through the Integration of a Knowledge-based System and a Gantt Chart Scheduling

Application'', February 2005, pp 1-6, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI,


Page, T., ''An Introduction to Multi-Agent Systems'', February 2005, pp 1-8, Society of


Miller, J. and Page, T., ''Optimization Formulae for Multi-Station Assembly Systems'',

February 2005, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical

Paper: TP05PUB15.

Brown, C.C., MacNair Smith, H., Miller, J. and Page, T., ''The Design and Development of a

Robotic Assembly System for Consumer Products Assisted by Voice Control'', March 2005,

pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper

TP05PUB32.

Page, T., ''Conversion of Analogue Signals to Digital Signals for Input to Microcontroller

Devices'', June 2005, pp 1-10, Socieity of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA,


Sankaranarayanasamy, K., Arunachalam, S., Page, T. and Dhanalakshmi, V., ''A Novel

Approach to Part Family Formation in Cellular Manufacturing Using Fuzzy Analysis in

CAD/CAM'', June 2005, pp 1-12, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA,


Page, T., ''Approaches to the Design of Digital Systems Using Very Large Scale Integration

(VLSI) CAD'', June 2005, pp 1-16, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA,


Page, T., ''Activity-Based Costing (ABC) - A Guide to Implementation and Use for

Manufacturing Engineering Operations'', June 2005, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing

Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB68.

Page, T., ''The Modeling of Three-Dimensional Assemblies in CAD'', June 2005, pp 1-7,

Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB70.



Page, T., ''Decision Making for Capacity Planning'', June 2005, pp 1-8, Society of

Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB92.

Page, T., ''A Methodology for the Rationalization of Investment in Advanced Manufacturing

Technology'', June 2005, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA,


Page, T., ''The Formulation of a Product Design Specification (PDS) with Emphasis on

Design for Assembly'', August 2005, pp 1-10, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn,

MI. USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB173.

Page, T., ''Enabling Technologies for Effective Management of Product Development in the

21st Century'', August 2005, pp 1-19, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI,

USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB132.

Page, T., ''Material Removal Through Drilling & Hole Making Processes'', August 2005, pp

1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper

TP05PUB193.

Page, T., ''The Modelling of Curve Entities in 3D CAD'', August 2005, pp 1-8, Society of

Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB154.

Page, T., ''Graphical Aides and Tools for the Implementation of Continuous Improvement'',

August 2005, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical

Paper TP05PUB156.

Page, T., ''Design and Analysis Software Applications for Engineering Design and

Manufacture'', August 2005, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn,

MI, USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB194.

Page, T., ''The Use of Manufacturing Information Systems in Support of E-Commerce

Activities'', October 2005, pp 1-10, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn,

MI, USA.

Page, T., ''An Account of the Use of DFA/DFM Tools in Modern Manufacturing Enterprises'',

October 2005, pp 1-10, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA,

Technical Paper (TP05PUB214).

Page, T., ''Where is the Future for Networking and Data Communication Technologies'',

October 2005, pp 1-17, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA,


Page, T., ''A Strategy for Globalized Manufacturing Operations'', October 2005, pp 1-6,

Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper

(TP05PUB215).



Page, T., ''Strategies for the Location of Multi-Plant Networks'', October 2005, pp 1-6,

Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper

(TP05PUB217).

Page, T., ''To provide for Process Variability Through the Specification of Tolerances in

Modern 3D CAD'', October 2005, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME),

Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper (TP05PUB212).

Page, T., ''A Consideration of Manufacturing Issues in the Strategic Management of

Operations'', October 2005, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn,

MI, USA.

Page, T., ''Technologies for Automation in Manufacturing'', October 2005, pp 1-8, Society of

Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper (TP05PUB218).

Page, T., ''Embedded Microprocessor Product Design'', October 2005, pp 1-9, Society of

Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper (TP05PUB219).

Page, T., ''Combinational Circuit Design Using Discrete Bistable Devices'', December 2005,

pp 1-6, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper:

TP05PUB254.

Pearce, D., O'Sullivan, J,, Khoudian, P., Page, T. and Koliza, V., ''An Application of

Sensitivity Analysis on New Product Development Projects with Time to Market Variations'',

December 2005, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA,


Pearce, D., O'Sullivan, J., Khoudian, P., Page, T. and Koliza, V., ''New Product Introduction

and Time to Market with Emphasis on Business Profitability - A Survey'', December 2005, pp

1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper:

TP05PUB249.

Page, T., ''Implementation Issues in Quality Systems'', 2006, pp1-7, Society of Manufacturing

Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP06PUB120).

Page, T., ''The Abstraction of Manufacturing Features from Surface Models in CAD'', March

2006, pp 1-11, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical

Paper TP06PUB6.

Page, T., ''Geometric Modelling and Representation of Curve and Surface Operations in 3D

CAD'', March 2006, pp 1-12, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi,




Page, T., ''A Collaborative Design Methodology for the Design of Embedded Control

Systems'', March 2006, pp 1-12, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi,


Page, T., ''A Direct Translation Technique for Transferring Data Between Electronic and

Mechanical CAD Systems'', March 2006, pp 1-12, Society of Manufacturing Engineers

(SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB5.

Page, T., ''Algorithms for Collision Avoidance in Machine Tool Path Verification'', March

2006, pp 1-13, Society of Manufacturing Engineers SME, Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical

Paper TP06PUB9.

Page, T., ''Traditional Industry Competition - Development of an Agile Supply Chain'', March


Paper TP06PUB7.

Page, T., ''The Application of Geometric Tree Structures in Constructing and Modifying 3-D

Models in CAD'', March 2006, pp 1-15, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME),

Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB4.

Page, T., ''Representation Schemes Used in Geometric Modelling of Solids and Surfaces in

CAD'', March 2006, pp 1-20, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi,


Page, T., ''Pragmatic Considerations in Design for Production'', March 2006, pp 1-7, Society

of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB12.

Page, T., ''A Group Technology Approach to Computer-Aided Process Planning Systems'',

March 2006, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA,


Page, T., ''Approaches to Focussed Manufacturing'', March 2006, pp 1-8, Society of

Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB10.

Page, T., ''Enabling Technologies for Effective Computer-Aided Manufacturing'', March


Paper TP06PUB11.

Page, T., ''An Overview of Production Control Systems for Kanban Operation'', March 2006,

pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper

TP06PUB15.

Page, T., ''Key Features of Lean Production'', March 2006, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing

Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB16.



Page, T., ''Mechatronic Systems Used in Control'', June 2006, pp 1-10, Society of

Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB94.

Page, T., ''Introduction to Bezier and NURBS Representation Schemes in Surface Modelling'',

October 2006, pp1-27, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME) Dearborn,Mi, USA.,


Baloglu, A., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''Re-Engineering the Supply Chain in Internet

Age: A Case Study ABB Turkey'', October 2006, pp1-27, Society of Manufacturing

Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA., Technical Paper (TP06PUB119).

Page, T., ''Algorithms Used for Routing and Placement in VLSI'', November 2006, pp 1-10,

Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper

(TP06PUB153).

Page, T., ''Linear Programming Techniques for Floorplanning in VLSI'', November 2006, pp

1-12, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper

(TP06PUB155).

Page, T., ''Programmable Techniques for Transmission Line Optimization in VLSI'',

November 2006, pp 1-5, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA,


Page, T., ''Non-Slicing Floorplan Representation Used in Linear Programming in VLSI'',

November 2006, pp 1-6, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA,


Page, T., ''A Justification for Relevance in Performance Measurement Criteria'', November


Paper (TP06PUB152).

Ichimura, M., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''Critical Training Requirements for Lean

Manufacturing'', March 2007, pp 1-16, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME),

Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB15).

Kannan, A.R., Pandey, K., Narayanasamy, R., Arunachalam, S., Shanmugan, S. and Page, T.,

''The Performance of Deformation of Fe-0.8%C-1.0%Si-0.8%Cu Sintered Powder Metallurgy

Specimens Throughout Preform Forging '', March 2007, pp 1-21, Society of Manufacturing


Iskanius, P. and Page, T., ''A Case Study in E-Business and Supply Chain Integration'', July


Paper (TP07PUB74).



Page, T., ''Computer Graphics in CAD/CAM'', July 2007, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing


Page, T., ''Design Process: A Case Study in Product Improvement'', July 2007, pp 1-10,


(TP07PUB78).

Page, T., ''Effective Computer-Aided Manufacturing'', July 2007, pp 1-7, Society of

Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB81).

Page, T., ''Production Levelling and Scheduling'', July 2007, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing


Page, T. ''Assembly modelling in Computer-Aided Engineering'', July 2007, pp 1-6, Society

of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB96).

Page, T. ''Activity-Based Costing (ABC) in Operations management'', July 2007, pp 1-6,


(TP07PUB97).

Page, T. ''Components of Lean Production'', July 2007, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing


Page, T. ''Analogue to Digital Conversion in Embedded Devices'', July 2007, pp 1-9, Society


Arreymbi, J., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''Evaluating the Effects of Radio Frequency

identification (RFID) Applications in Manufacturing and Business'', July 2007, pp 1-12,


(TP07PUB100).

Page, T. ''Concurrent Engineering in the Era of Mass Customization'', July 2007, pp 1-18,


(TP07PUB103).

Page, T. ''VLSI Digital Design Techniques'', July 2007, pp 1-15, Society of Manufacturing


Page, T., ''Strategic Level Decision-Making in Capacity Planning'', July 2007, pp 1-7, Society


Page, T., ''The Role of Manufacturing in E-Commerce'', December 2007, pp 1-10, Society of




Page, T., ''Applications of Design and Analysis'', December 2007, pp 1-9, Society of


Muhos, M., Iskanius, P. and Page, T., ''Agility in the Finnish Metal Industry'', December


Paper (TP07PUB208).

Helaakoski, H., Peltomaa, I., Iskanius, P. and Page, T., ''A Roadmap towards E-Commerce in

the Steel Product Industry'', December 2007, pp 1-10, Society of Manufacturing Engineers

(SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB209).

Helaakoski, H., Iskanius, P. and Page, T., ''A Computer-Supported Collaborative Tool for

Continuous Improvement'', December 2007, pp 1-14, Society of Manufacturing Engineers

(SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB210).

Page, T., ''Performance Measurement in the Product Design Process'', December 2007, pp 1-

11, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper

(TP07PUB211).

Page, T., ''Tolerance Assignment in 3D-CAD'', December 2007, pp 1-7, Society of


Page, T., ''Quality Measures in Product Design'', December 2007, pp 1-11, Society of


Helaakoski, H., Peltomaa, I., Kipina, J., Iskanius, P. and Page, T., ''A Business Model in

Support of Agility in the Steel Industry Sector'', December 2007, pp 1-8, Society of


Page, T., ''Detailed Routing Design Rules'', December 2007, pp 1-13, Society of


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