actions of the digestive systemcourses.washington.edu/pbio376/slides/quiz-4-376.pdfstomach greater...
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Fig. 15-2, Vander’s Human Physiology, 11th edition (2008)
Actions of the digestive system
• secretion• digestion • absorption • motility
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Internal vs. external environment
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Overview of digestive tract function
Figure 21.6, p. 667
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Components of the digestive system
GI TRACTmouth and pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestineduodenumjejunumileum
large intestine
rectum
ACCESSORY GLANDSsalivary glands
livergallbladderpancreas
Figure 21.1a, p. 656
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Structure of the stomach
Figure 21.1c, p. 656
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Structure of the small intestine
Figure 21.1d, p. 656
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Digestive secretions entering the duodenum
pancreas: • digestive enzymes• bicarbonateliver: • bile salts (solubilize fats)• bicarbonate(gallbladder stores bile)
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Duodenal papilla: outlet for pancreatic duct andcommon bile duct
Figure 4.109, Gray’s Anatomy for Students
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Anatomy of the bile ducts
Adapted from Figure 4.111, Gray’s Anatomy for Students
cystic bile duct hepatic bile duct
common bile duct
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Anatomy of the large intestine
From Figure 21.21, p. 686
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Structures to identify on the large model of the digestive tract:
hard palatesoft palatetonguesalivary glandsepiglottisesophagusstomach
greater curvaturelesser curvaturefundusbodyantrum (pylorus)pyloric sphincter (pyloric valve)
pancreaspancreatic duct
liver
common bile ductsmall intestine
duodenumduodenal papillajejunum/ileum
large intestinececum
ileocecal valveappendixascending colontransverse colondescending colonsigmoid colonrectum
anal canalexternal anal sphincter
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Blood flow to the liver
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Structures to identify on the model of the liver with gallbladder and duodenum
duodenumjejunumgallbladderbile ducts
hepatic bile ductcystic bile ductcommon bile duct
pancreaspancreatic duct
hepatic portal veincommon hepatic artery
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Structures to identify on the model of the pancreas with spleen and part of the duodenum
duodenumplicae circularesduodenal papilla
jejunumpancreas
pancreatic ductcommon bile ducthepatic portal veincommon hepatic artery
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Clinical example: bariatric surgery
bariatric surgery à weight loss surgery
two most common procedures• sleeve gastrectomy• Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus: remission rates following surgery
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Sleeve gastrectomy
“restrictive”—smaller stomach reduces food intake↓ ghrelin secretionghrelinàhormone secreted by stomach cells that increases appetite
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Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB)
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Configuration of GI tract after RYGB
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Endocrine changes after RYGB
àreduction or removal of stomach decreases ghrelin secretion
àbypass of stomach and upper intestine changes secretion of an unknown hormone
àfaster delivery of chyme to distal small intestine increases secretion of GLP-1 and PYY
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• secreted by endocrine cells in small intestine epithelium
• secretion stimulated by glucose, fats in small intestine
• increase glucose-dependent insulin secretion
• incretin-based drugs used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
• GLP-1 also has effects on CNS controlof appetite
GLP-1 is an incretin
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Secretion and Action of Incretins
incretins: GIP, GLP-1
*look for a web page about bariatric surgery by next week