Activity Potential requirement on ground

Desk study and get licens: Find areas with favorable geological conditions

None

Geological survey: Provide detailed information on geology

Access to onshore sites and marine resource areas Possible onshore extension of marine seismic lines

Exploratory drilling: Verify the presence of a hydrocarbon reservoir and quantify the reserves

Access for drilling unit and supply units Storage facilities Waste disposal facilities Testing capabilities

Appraisal: determine if the reservoir is economically feasible to develop

Additional drill sites Additional access for drilling units, supply units, waste disposal and storage facilities

Drilling and production: produce oil and gas from the reservoir through formation pressure, artificial lift, and possibly advanced recovery techniques, until economically feasible reserves are depleted

Improved access, storage and waste disposal facilities Equipment for production: Wellheads, Flowlines Equipment for storage, process and export: Accommodation, infrastructure

Decommissioning and rehabilitation: may occur for each of above phases.

Equipment to plug wells, remove installation 2

The oil and gas cycle

Life cycle of oil and gas

(time)

1) 2) 3) 4)

5) 6)

6) Drilling and production aspects

Challenges • The Ice

• Station keeping and quick disconnect

• Can interfere with drillstring/cables

• Coldness

• Winterization of the rig

• Freezing of fluid

• Flow asurance

• Remoteness

• Weather delays

• Deep water

6) Drilling and production aspects

Considerations

• Well type:

• Horizontal

• Vertical

• Multilateral

• Drilling program:

• Conventional

• Rig types and design

• Drillship

• Semi-sub

• Drill barge

• Fluid design

• Production system

• Transportation system

Well Type: Vertical, horizontal, multilateral

Produksjon av olje

Injeksjon av gass

Injeksjon av vann

Gass

Olje

Today, we can access hydrocarbons trapped in

rocks with smaller, complex pores using horizontal drilling

Standard casing program

A.Conductor

B.Surface casing/Top casing

C.Intermediate casing

D.Production casing

E.Liner

Waste handling

Zero Discharge

• Norwegian Environmental Regulations:

Zero discharge of production water, cuttings and drilling fluid

• U.S and Canada:

Marine toxicity test of WBM and cuttings before discharge to sea

Waste handling

Cutting return

Solid control Re-use drilling fluid

Drilling wastes

Discharge to sea Re-injection To shore for disposal

Waste handling

Solution: •Drill disposal wells •Dry and discharge cuttings •Install a vacuum unit (Mud cube).

New technology: Mud Cube

FING: Arctic Region Oil & Gas Seminar in Training and Education 10

• Dry cuttings • Minimize use of drilling fluid • Effective solid separation • No vibration • Vacuum (not oil damp) • Easy to maintain • In use at Mærsk Giant.

• http://www.youtube.com/wa

tch?v=F20KNH8MFnU

Waste handling

New tecnology

• AGR’s Riserless Mud Recovery (RMR) system

FING: Arctic Region Oil & Gas Seminar in Training and Education 11

• Riserless mud recovery • No spill when drilling the two first sections • Better well control

• Moore handling of cuttings

Rig type

Necessary drilling rig storage:

• Backup sets of winter clothing and food • Power failures

• Emergencies

• Storage tanks for fuel • Collapsible to withstand the arctic conditions

• Support helicopters in case of harsh weather conditions

• In case of logistic problems

• Proper dimension of deck load capacities • At least 7000 tons needed to support backup equipment

Rig type: Drill Barge

• Withstand up to 3 meters of ice

• Moves slow

• High Capacity

• Breaks ice

• Huisman’s JBF Arctic:

drill two wells at one time

• Winterized

• Designed for zero emission to air

Kulluk (Rigzone 2012)

Huisman’s JBF Arctic

Rig type: Semi-Submersible

• Stable

• Winterized

• Harsh environment

• Water depths up to 1,650 ft (500 m)

• BOP: 18¾in, 15,000 psi

• Marin riser: 21 in OD

Transocean Arctic

Rig type: Drillship Stena DrillMAX Ice:

• Can handle 2m of ice

• High ice loads from the side

• Double BOP

• Moonpools for ROV

• Protected drillstring

Stena DrillMAX Ice 2011

The Deepwater Pathfinder drillship

The Deepwater Pathfinder drillship:

• Drill in water depths up to 10,000 feet

• Dynamic-Positioning;

• Small thrusters,

and global positioning keep it stable

• Shifting less than 50 feet in any direction.

• Large capacities

• Winterized

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16

Ice cowering the equipment on the rig

Drilling system: Ice rig and equipment

Winterization

Frozen TDS and hydraulic elevator (Fletcher 2011)

• Main goal for winterization is to ensure safety of personnel and operability during operations

• Fluid related equipment are strongly affected by the arctic environment

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17

Heating systems: • Electrical • Steam

Winterization

Applications: • Rig equipment (pump) • Production system (mud, Pipes)

Electrical heating in the drill floor

Winterization

Wind walls protecting the rig floor (Fletcher 2011)

Wind walls, hot air blowers and suitcases to protect personnel and equipment

17 December 2013 Page 19

Stavanger offshore technical college A member of Rogaland training and education

centre

•

Example of an exploration well

Well control Focus:

• Training of personnel

• Development of strict operational guidelines

• Designs of the specific drilling program for each individual well

• Review of prior drilling experience in the nearby area

Criteria:

• Two BOP stacks for Arctic drilling vessels.

• BOP stack deeper than the maximum depth of ice during winter season.

• Glory hole

• Antifreeze materials

Operational window

Glory hole