Table of Contents

PRELIMINARIES:

Acknowledgement ………………………………………………. i.

Dedication ………………………………………………………… ii.

Table of Contents ………………………………………………. Iii.

CHAPTERS:

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Historical Background ……………..

A.1 Background of the Problem ………….

A.2 Background of the Study

A.3 Background of the Project

B. Statement of the Problem …………

C. Significance of the Problem …………

C.1 Significance of the Study ……

D. Goals and Objectives ………………..

E. Scope and Limitations ………………..

F. Theoretical Framework ………………..

G. Definition of Term ………………………..

II. CASE STUDY & REVIEW OF RELATED

LITERATURE

A. Case Study (with Assessment)

A.1 Local Projects

A.2 Foreign Projects

B. Review of Related Literature (with Assessment)

B.1 Local Literature

B.2 Foreign Literature

III. SITE PRESENTATION & ANALYSIS

A. Site Selection Criteria

A.1 Major

A.2 Specific

B. Site Selection

B.1 Site Selection Process

B.2 Site Justification

C. Site Assessment

C.1 Geographical Setting

C.2 Site Suitability

C.3 Utilities

C.4 Socio-economic Conditions

IV. USER ANALYSIS

A. Demographic Profile

B. Target Users

C. User’s Requirements

V. ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTION

A. Architectural Programming

A.1 Site

A.2 Buildings

A.3 Bubble Diagrams

A.3.1 Site

A.3.2 Buildings

B. Project Conceptualization

B.1 Design Philosophy

B.2 Design Concept

B3. Conceptual Drawings

VI. SUMMARY

A. Summary of Findings

B. Conclusion

C. Recommendations

VII. LIST OF REFERENCES

VIII. APPENDIXES

A. Historical Background

“He who does not know how to look back at his origin will never arrive at his

destination.”

As a former territory of Spain, Japan, and the United States,

with both Asian and Polynesian influences, the history and

culture of the Philippines is rich and storied. As a result, the

exploration of Filipino efforts to preserve their heritage makes

for a fascinating results.

Unlike the United States, the historic preservation movement

in the Philippines appears to have always been a government-

led effort. Ironically, the Philippine preservation movement

originated with a law passed by the United States. Act No. 243

was passed in 1901 by the Philippine Commission—the

colonial governmental body created by the United States—and

declared “that a monument shall be erected to Jose Rizal, the

Philippine patriot, writer, and poet, upon the Luneta, in the city

of Manila.” Much like the beginnings of the American

preservation movement, the erection of this monument to Jose

Rizal was clearly intended to inspire patriotism—Mr. Rizal is

the embodiment of Filipino patriotism and the father of Filipino

nationalism.

The Philippine government did not begin to

establish a systematic approach to historic

preservation until the 1930s. Even then, the

approach to preservation was limited in scope

with no regulatory authority. In 1933, American

Governor-General Frank Murphy issued an

executive order that created a committee to

identify, designate, and mark historic

antiquities. This executive body, called the

Philippine Historical Research and Markers

Committee (PHRMC), had no actual control

over the preservation of antiquities, as it was

only empowered to find and mark properties

that, in its estimation, should be preserved.

“It is hereby declared to be the policy of the state to

preserve and protect the cultural properties of the

nation and to safeguard their intrinsic value”

-Cultural properties and Preservation Act

Although cultural treasure designation provided

greater protections to personal property, real

property (i.e. buildings, monuments, shrines, and

landmarks) cultural treasures were provided

limited protection. Before any non-inheritance

change in ownership of a privately owned real

property cultural treasure could take place, the

National Museum must have been notified and

given an opportunity to comment on the transfer.

Other than this, real property designated as a

cultural treasure received no special protection

from the CPPPA.

The Philippine historic preservation movement

began as a sporadic, ad hoc monument

construction and historic site designation

program with little or no regulatory authority.

Now, the Philippines boasts a progressive,

robust preservation system with strong

regulatory powers. Even though the current

program is radically more powerful than it was

just thirty years earlier, the Philippine built

heritage preservation system has maintained its

foundational core—national historic sites. In

fact, almost all regulatory authority under the

National Cultural Heritage Act stems from the

designation of a cultural property as a national

shrine, landmark, monument or site.

Other governments seeking to emulate the

Philippine preservation model should take note

of the island nation’s careful and collaborative

legislative process, which spanned over fifteen

years and involved open communication

amongst all affected stakeholders. Despite their

success, leaders of the Philippine preservation

program should strive to enlist more grassroots

support by decentralizing preservation

regulatory power and by encouraging local

government units to create and experiment with

their own preservation programs.

Notwithstanding its shortcomings, the Philippine

historic preservation movement has grown into

an enviable regulatory system that has the

potential to effect successful long-term

preservation of its historically and culturally

significant built environment

(http://preservelaw.com/2014/01/historic-

preservation-philippines/).

A.1 Background of the Problem

Change is inevitable in the historic

environment. Buildings, streetscapes, and

urban areas are dynamic places that are

constantly adapting to the needs of their

inhabitants, with each generation contributing

uniquely to this evolution.

There are varying views on what constitutes

appropriate new development within a historic

context. Some argue that new architectural

insertions should represent a continuum of

building traditions and replicate the surrounding

historic environment, while others advocate for

the juxtaposition of new and old, with the new

reflecting contemporary expression through

different forms, styles, materials, and/or

technologies. Between these two extremes are

design responses that respect traditional

architectural forms and hierarchies but are

expressed using a contemporary architectural

language.

The twentieth century brought rapid

transformation to the urban landscape and the

pace of change continues to increase in the

twenty-first century and, with it, so have threats

to the conservation of historic environments.

Urban areas face development pressures to

accommodate unparalleled urban population

growth and new economic pressures.

Modernism, the leading architectural force of

the twentieth century, broke with traditional

architectural and planning approaches, utilizing

forms and materials that often contrasted with

the existing historic environment. More recently,

in response to economic pressures, civic

leaders have promoted their cities by creating

new landmarks, often turning to celebrity

architects to create provocative designs that

strive for individual attention, overshadowing

traditional civic landmarks such as city halls and

cathedrals

(

http://www.getty.edu/conservation/our_projects/

field_projects/cahe/overview.html).

A.2 Background of the Study

A.3 Background of the Project

B. Statement of the Problem

C. Significance of the Problem

C.1 significance of the Problem

C.2 Significance of the Study

D. Goals and Objectives

E. Scope and Limitations

F. Theoretical Framework

G. Definition of Terms

II. CASE STUDY & REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A. Case Study (with Assessment)

A.1 Local: Juan Luna E-service Building: from City Bank to BPO

Known before as the First National City Bank

Building, it has been given a new lease of life ready for the

future with a new name to reflect its rebirth: the Juan Luna E-

Services Building.

Designed by an architect whose name is now

unfortunately lost in history, the building was completed in

1922 thanks to funding from the El Hogar Mutual Association,

AKA its neighbor across Juan Luna St. It first served as the

headquarters of a trading company, the Pacific Commercial

Company. Then in the 1930s until the 1940s, the building

became the Philippine office of an American bank, the First

National City Bank (of New York) which would later be one of

the precursor institutions to what would become one of the leading

financial institutions in the world today, Citibank.

In its heyday, it was (and still is) one of the imposing buildings

to have been built along the northern bank of the Pasig River. After

all, it was hard to miss the classic columnar design meshed with early

20th century building architecture. It fell into a slow steady decline in

the following decades as it fell into gradual disuse. Fortunately, with

the dawn of the 21st century came also a new dawn for this building.

Under new ownership, the building was given a new lease of life

thanks to adaptive reuse, now envisioned to serve as office space for

the country’s thriving business process outsourcing (BPO) industry.

With that came a new name for the building, now known as the Juan

Luna E-Services Building. With a team headed by architect and writer

Augusto Villalon, the building went through some structural retrofitting

and some changes such as the addition of a viewing deck at the

topmost floor while keeping many of its elements intact.

As of this writing, some works are still being done but

needless to say, the building is almost ready to be leased to

interested BPO companies as part of an effort to lure businesses back

to the capital city and its old business district in Binondo.

A.2 Foreign: Ambler Boiler House conversion: from Power Plant

to Office

The shell of a 19th-century industrial plant is converted into

three levels of modern office space.

Like many 19th-century industrial facilities, the Ambler Boiler

House long ago outlived its initial use. Built in 1897 to generate power

for an asbestos plant, the structure was abandoned when the owner

folded after the Depression. In the early 2000s, Summit Realty

Advisors bought the site, appreciating its proximity to a rail stop—

Philadelphia is 40 minutes away by train—as well as good roads and

utility services.

The 2008 crash delayed plans, but three years later, construction of

an office complex began. Summit used creative financing, including

state and county funds, to realize this speculative project in tough

economic times.

Asbestos was remediated with the help of the Pennsylvania

Department of Environmental Protection and state grants and loans.

The endeavor required 760 man-hours of labor and the removal of

530 cubic yards of contaminated construction debris and waste. All

that remained was a brick shell and steel roof trusses.

The former two-story plan entailed excessive floor-to-floor

heights for offices, so the Building Team, led by Heckendorn Shiles

Architects, inserted structural steel and concrete slabs to create three

levels. Entryways and windows, many of which had been walled

up, were reopened and in filled with high-efficiency store-front

glazing. An iconic 140-foot smokestack was retained, and the

original monitor roof profile, now equipped with translucent

composite clerestories, enhances daylighting. Loft-style office spaces

are characterized by references to the past, including exposed brick

and reclaimed wood. However, the infrastructure is thoroughly

modern. In particular, a 54-well geothermal system makes the building

economical to operate, contributing to a LEED Platinum designation.

Since it opened in August 2012, the development has attracted a mix

of tenants, including Summit Realty, Clutch (a mobile app designer),

and AEC firm Core States Group. Did, a boutique healthcare

marketing agency, recently completed a two-story fit-out, with an open

communicating stair and a “village green” common space. Ambler

Boiler House—first an economic engine, then an eyesore—is most

emphatically back in business.

B. Review of Related Literature (with Assessment)

B.1 Local Literature: The Legarda Ancestral Mansion: from a house

to restaurant

An old art deco house, one of the first art deco houses

built in San Miguel, Manila circa 1937, the mansion still houses the

clinic of Ramona's husband and Legarda patriarch Dr. Alejandro, his

collection of antique cameras and radio equipment, and various family

memorabilia including valuable artworks of the country's national

artists, and photographs of the original house which document the

ambiance of stately dinners and those who came to wine and dine.

The house today is home to La Cocina de Tita Moning, which

is more than a restaurant, Chef Suzette said, as it offers a dining

experience which aims to recreate the elegant banquets during the

1930's served on no less than antique china.

B.2 Foreign Literature: Berlin Water Pump Plant: Water Pumping

Plant to Residential House

The building was erected between 1925 and 1926 as an

extension to the first pumping station in Berlin’s Neukoelln district

(then called Rixdorf) dating from 1893. In 1993 new facilities were

built on the adjoining premises and the old pumping station was

decommissioned. In 1989 the former pumping station was placed

under preservation order. Over the 13 years following the closedown it

was not possible to find a use for the building, mainly because of its

location, the exceptional size of the hall and the lack of a second

escape route for the upper floors.

There had been a survey commissioned by the preservation

authorities in 2002 that included major concessions such as new

staircases within the hall and big dormers on the roof, but still no one

could be found to buy it. It was only in early 2006, when Berlin-based

artists Michael Elmgreen and Ingar Dragset caught sight of the house

through an online real estate service and spontaneously decided to

make it their new headquarters.

The resulting adaptation is a home with a vast floor plan

broken up into small “nooks.” It contains two separate private areas

for each of the artists, as well as kitchen, four bathrooms, an attic

living room, and a large living/working space.

III. SITE PRESENTATION & ANALYSIS

B. Site Selection Criteria

Criteria Description

C1. Architectural Physical condition, architectural evaluation; structural analysis; functional

changeability, technological difficulties; material and decoration; refurbishment

feasibility; function performance

C2. Economic Potential market, benefit-cost ratio; life-cycle cost; financial sources; subsidize;

exemption

C3. Environmental Site layout; environmental impact; environmental quality of surroundings; energy

usage

C4. Social Compatibility with existing; public interest and support; social value; enhancing

community; loss of habitat

C5. Legal Outline Zoning Plan (OZP); Development Permission Area (DPA) Plans; new policy

measures to revitalizing industrial buildings; Wholesale Conversion of Industrial

Buildings

Source: Table 41.1 Selection Criteria of adaptive reuse industrial building; Liyin Shen & Kunhui Ye, Proceedings of the 19 th International

Symposium on Advancement of Constructions Management & Real Estate, April 27, 2015

A.1 Major

C.3 Description

Environmental

Environmental impact

Environmental Quality of

Surroundings

Energy Usage

C.4 Social Description

Public interest and support

Social value

Enhancing community

Loss of habitat

C.5 Legal

C.5.1 Outline Zoning Plan (OZP)

C.5.1.1 Development Permission Area (DPA) Plan

New policy measures to revitalizing industrial buildings

Wholesale Conversion of Industrial Buildings

A.2 Specific

C.1 Architectural Description

Physical condition

Architectural evaluation

architectural evaluation

structural analysis

functional changeability

Technological difficulties

material and decoration

refurbishment feasibility

function performance

C.2 Economic Description

Potential market

Benefit-cost ratio

life-cycle cost

financial sources

subsidize

exemption

B. Site Selection

B.1 Site Selection Process

Source: “A Proposed Histo-Cultural Preservation and Adaptive Reuse of the El Hogar Filipino Building into a Boutique Hotel and Café

Restaurant”, By: ESPIRITU, Joneveive D. SANSAIT, Toby Mar C. VALDEZ, Andre Patrick M., March 2014

B.2 Site Justification

B.2.1 Site Analysis

RARITY

This structure is one of the few surviving

architectural pieces not only in its vicinity, but in the

entire manila that bear the characteristics the eclectic

style of its era, a subtle mixture Beaux-Arts exterior

and Art Nouveau interiors in contrasts to its surviving

contemporaries which mostly characterize a purist

style of Art-Nouveau architecture; most notably of

which are the works of Juan Nakpil in the early 30's,

the Metropolitan Theatre and the Capitol Theatre.

ARCHITECT & BUILDERS

In this aspect the El Hogar falls short of merits, as Arch. Irureta

Goyena - like most architects of his generation - lacks proper

historic documentation of his works and career so there is no way

for the proponents to establish his notability as an Architect.

MEANING WITHIN ITS SOCIETY'S CULTURE

The El Hogar Building is a remnant of the glory days of the old

Escolta, its lavish interior and exterior mouldings bear the marks of

the

affluence of Manila during its early years. Today in our city's poverty

stricken age, the El Hogar stands as a testament that we once

achieved an age of economic development that financed a majestic

piece of architecture.

OWNERSHIP

Aside from its close affiliation to the influential family of the Zobels,

The El Hogar Building is primarily owned by Antonio Melian, a self-

made Peruvian tycoon that fashions himself as ''El Conde de

Peracamps” or "The Count from Peru". Antonio Melian cemented his

place in local history of Escolta by creating the EL HOGAR FILIPINO

SOCIEDAD MUTUA DE CONSTUCCION Y PRESTAMOS and the

insurance company called Filipinas Compañía de Seguros. This

creation and ownership of the El Hogar is a monument to our ties to

prominent families in foreign countries during this era.

MATERIALS

The El Hogar is a type 2 construction that is comprised primarily by

reinforced concrete and wooden roof members.

RELATIVE AGE

It was built in 1914, and now stands on its 99th year.

HISTORY OF ITS VARIOUS USES

El Hogar Filipino is notably the first financial institution in Manila, a

financial cooperative that helped finance the construction of a number

of Manila landmarks, including Jones Bridge and Metropolitan

Theater.

CURRENT LEVEL OF PROTECTION

Although the El Hogar Building's age endows it the protection of the

Heritage Law, it is still one of the most undocumented heritage

buildings. During the time that the proponents were conducting this

study, the El Hogar was not recorded as a historical or cultural

landmark by the NHCP and the NCCA.

VIABILITY FOR COMMERCIALIZATION

The area where the El Hogar building is located is a commercial zone

that is adjacent to Binondo, Escolta, and Intramuros, two of which are

commercial hubs and the latter a major tourist destination.

C. Site Assessment

C.1 Geographical Setting

“Any unit that includes all of the organisms (the community) in a given area, the physical environment so that a flow of energy leads to

clearly defined trophic structure, biotic diversity, and material cycles within the system is an ecosystem.”

C.1.1 Landforms

Source: googleearthsatelite

Source: googleearthsatelite

The existing landform is located in front of the El Hogar Filipino

building which is the ilog Pasig that stretches from Laguna de Bay

going to Manila. Its length is 15 kilometers which splits the Manila into

two. Its major branches are Ilog Marikina and Ilog San Juan. During

the Spanish times, it was a significant route of transportation. At the

moment, the river were pronounced dead due to pollution. One of the

factors are the urbanized areas surrounding the river and the informal

settles located on the sides of the river along Manila. Pasig River

Rehabilitation Commission or PRRC was implemented to aid the

restoration of the river

(src: http://fil.wikipilipinas.org/index.php/Ilog_Pasig).

C.1.2 Artificial Geographic Features

C.1.2.1 Settlements and Engineered Constructions

C.2 Site Suitability

C.3 Utilities

C.4 Socio-economic Conditions