ADDIS INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP 14 – 17 March 2011

MAKING SOCIAL PROTECTION WORK FOR PRO-POOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION

India’s experience in social protection –

Lessons from social mobilisation and women’s empowerment in Andhra

Pradesh state

VIJAY KUMAR,Joint Secretary,Ministry of Rural Development, Govt. of India(vjthallam@gmail.com)

Vision of A.P social protection programme:

each family in the state should be out of poverty, and, enjoy a decent quality of life.

Comprehensive:

‘voice’, gender equality, income, social recognition, risk management, health and education

Core beliefs in social protection:

• Poor:

– innate capabilities

– self-help and volunteerism

• Social mobilisation and institutions of poor – critical for comprehensive poverty eradication

• Sensitive support institutions for poor – to induce social mobilisation

A.P social protection programme

Strong commitment of successive Chief Ministers ( over 20 years )

UNDP – SAPAP Pilot 1995 – 2000

World Bank support – 2000 - 2011

Setting up of S.E.R.P in 2000 – statewide implementing organisation

Mandal Samakhyas and V.Os plan and implement the various

project components

– Each Mandal is divided into three Clusters of 10-12 habitations.

– A development professional, called Community Coordinator (CC) is placed in each Cluster. S/he stays in her cluster.

– SERP selects and trains them. After completion of training, they are contracted by the MS and are accountable to MS.

– M.S responsible for social mobilisation, institution building and funding the microplans of S.H.Gs/V.Os from C.I.F

– Micro credit plans are evolved by the S.H.Gs in each village. These plans are funded by their own savings, CIF fund and Bank Linkage.

– V.Os responsible for appraising the microplans and recommending them to M.S for financing from C.I.F

– V.Os appraise microplans and also finance them from the recycled C.I.F

C.B.Os implement the projectInstitutional Model

SHGs

•Thrift and credit activities

•Monitoring group performance

•Micro Credit Planning•Household inv plans

• E.C -2 from each S.H.G, 5 Office bearers

•Strengthening of SHGs

•Arrange line of credit to the SHGs

•Social action

•Village development

•Marketing and food security

•Support activists – 3 -5

• E.C -2 from each V.O, 5 Office bearers

•Support to VOs

•Secure linkage with Govt. Depts.

fin institutions, markets

•Auditing of the groups

•Micro Finance functions

10 - 15

SHGs SHGs SHGsSHGs SHGs

V.O

150 -200

MMS

6000 9000 -

Z S300,000500,000

Village Organization

Mandal Samakhya

Zilla Samakhya

SELF HELP GROUPS

Universal outreach

– All Villages in A.P covered

– Universal coverage of poor

– 10.7 million women organised into 934,000 S.H.Gs

– S.H.G Federations: village – 35,525 V.Os, mandal – 1099 M.M.S, and, district – 22 Z.Ss

Social capital

– 2.0 million trained grassroots women leaders managing S.H.Gs and federations

– 180,000 para professionals at village level – accountable to women’s groups

– 20,000 Community resource persons – scaling up and deepening social mobilisation

Community Micro finance model

Village Organizatio

n

Mandal Samakhya

SHG SHG SHG

Terms of Partnership (VO –

MS)

Terms of Partnership (SHG –

VO)

Terms of Partnership

(Member – SHG)

Repayment Period

Members

Prioritization of Needs and MembersMicro Credit Plan

100 - 120 Months

40 - 60

months

12-24 months

Banks

Financial inclusion

W.B / GoI outlay: - Rs.2600 cr ($600 m)

S.H.G’s own corpus Rs.4650 cr ($1020)

Cumulative lending from banks: 2001-11:

Rs.34000 cr ($7470 m)

State Govt’s incentive for prompt loan repayment: 2004-11: Rs.1600 cr ($350 m)

Prerequisites for a family to come out of abject poverty

Time: 6 to 8 years

Nurturing by S.H.Gs and federations.

Minimum investment of Rs.100,000 ($2200) per family (‘small’ and ‘big’ loans)

A.P Govt. plan to raise Rs.110,000 cr ($ 24 bn) covering 11 million poor women – by 2016/17

Impact of social protection on key livelihoods

– Agriculture

– Livestock – dairying

– Skills

– Risk management

Eco – agriculture initiative

– To reduce costs and risks and increase net incomes

– Community managed

– Appropriate for adaptation to climate change and mitigation

– 27 lakh acres, 10 lakh farmers coverage (12 % of State’s cultivable area).

Key elements:• Management by women

• “Decentralized, accountable extension system”,

• locally available natural resources

• bio-diversity

• household level food and nutritional security

• Best practising farmers as community trainers – scaling-up “by” the community

15

• Summer Ploughing:

• Exposes the pupae

• to scorching sun

• Community bonfires:

• Immediately after

• the first rains, attracts

• adults and kill the pests

Non pesticide management practices

16

• Seed and seedling

treatment:

• To prevent pests and

fungal diseases in early

Stages

• Alleys :

To Prevent Brown Plant Hopper (BPH) etc

• Bird perches:

• 15 – 20 bird perches

• per Acre

• to manage larval pests

• Clipping of the tips, paddy seedlings:

17

Jowar as a border crop

Marigold as a trap crop for Helicoverpa

Border crop:

with jowar or maize in two or three rows. To improve friendly insect population

Trap crop: castor, marigold and okra @ 100 plants / acre

18

Pheromone traps:

5-10 traps / Ac for monitoring pest load

Delta traps:

For leaf Webber in Groundnut

Light traps:

Red hairy cater pillar in G.Nut

19

Soil Fertility Management – through natural resources

• Mulching , Catch crop

• Polycrops - Crop diversification

• Bund plantation – Gliricidia, etc

• Azolla in Paddy

• Tank silt application

• FYM - soil organic carbon

• Dung based inoculants

• Composting - NADEP

• Neem cake application

Drought proofing

Conservation of the entire rain water in the field itself

•300000 acres of 1,60,000 poor farmers 2009-11

Components include Trench, Conservation furrows, Farm Pond, compost pit , tank silt application.

Rs. 48,000 per acre - MGNREGS

Crop Management:

• Perennials on conservation furrows including green leaf manure plants.

• 7 tiered crop canopy ( 36*36 model ) near farm pond.

Bio diversity

• Poly crops with emphasis on monocot & dicots, leguminous & non leguminous

• Bund plantation

• Ecological benefits – fish and honey bee

Increased food grain production – House hold level

Sl.No Name Req of rice for family

Qty produced thru 0.5 acre model

Status after 0.5 acre model implementation

1 Smt.Ramulamma 12 8 4 qtls deficit

2 Smt. Kishtamma 7.5 8 0.5 qtls surplus

3 Smt. Vineetha 7 8 1 qtl surplus

4 Smt.Balamma 8 8 sufficient

• Yadireddy pally of Mahabubnagar

• Earlier they used to purchase entire requirement

Journey of an ultra poor family from “wage seekers” to “net food producers”

• Smt. M.Bojjamma , Thadakanaplle village in Kurnool district.

• Ultra-poor • The village Organization provided a loan

amount of Rs.7,000/- for leasing in 0.5 Acre land

• Incomes– Kharif - SRI Paddy – Rs. 20,000/-– Kharif Vegetables- Rs.22,200/-– Rabi Vegetables - Rs.26,500/-– Total gross incomes – Rs.68,700/-

• Total cost of cultivation – Rs. 7,200/-• Net income from 0.5 Acre – Rs. 54,500/-

25

L Venkat Rao –Vijayangaram

• 36 ft * 36 ft area

• Net Income : Rs.11,150 on 1100 sft Crop Name

Yield in Kg

Income (Rs)

Leafy Vegetables

125 2,500

Vegetables

140 2,820

Creepers 295 4250

Pulses 150 3050

Tuber Crops

40 750

Total Income

13,750

Expenditure

1,050

Family consn

1,550

Net Income

11,150

Multi layer farming – 36*36 model

Securing the future for the ultra poor

Every ultra-poor family should earn an additional Income of Rs.60,000 /-per annum

Key sources:

A. Sustainable Agriculture – Rs.25,000 – 40,000/- B. NREGA – Rs.10,000/- C. Marketing Premiums – Rs.5000 – 10,000/- D. Dairy – Rs.15000 – Rs.25000/-

Assumptions:Land lease/own: wet land – 0.25 – 0.5 acres wetDry land: 0.5 – 1.0 acreDairy: 2 -3 animals

Social protection – other livelihoods impacts

Collective marketing of agriculture produce

− Village level procurement centres for paddy, maize, red gram, soybean, etc

Women dairies− 175 Bulk milk cooling centres run by Mandal samakhyas

− 2784 village milk collection centres

− 250,000 litres of milk per day (flush season)

− 140,000 dairy farmers

Risk mitigation

Social risk management

– Managed by Zilla samakhyas, M.Ss

– 9 million members/spouses covered under life insurance - largest in the country

– 24*7 service

– Low Admin costs: Rs.10 ($0.20 cents) per member per annum

– Cattle insurance – Vizianagaram district

– Health insurance - Vishakhapatnam

Social interventions

Health and nutrition initiative

– healthy mothers and healthy babies – ‘zero’ low birth weight babies

Education

– Pre-school centres managed by V.Os

Gender initiative – intra family equity, ‘no to domestic violence’, family counselling centres

Social interventions

• S.H.G – Co-contributory pension – introduced in Nov 2009, to cover 4 million rural and urban women in S.H.Gs

Convergence

Women’s network a platform for convergence of all anti-poverty programmes of Govt. : housing, land access, civil supplies, urban development, forest management

Line departments modified implementation procedures in consultation with S.H.G federations

Scaling up A.P experience to the whole country

National Rural livelihoods mission Task: to reach out to 70 – 80 million

rural poor households (poorest of poor: 350 – 400 million)

Stay engaged with them till they come out of abject poverty

To do this in a time bound manner

N.R.L.MKey pillars:

1. Building strong institutions of the poor2. Dedicated support structures3. Financial inclusion4. Sustainable Livelihoods promotion5. Social risk management6. Partnerships: N.G.Os, banks, private sector, training

institutions