addressing slum poverty in the philippines: can the environment agenda drive public action? - paper

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  • 8/8/2019 Addressing Slum Poverty in the Philippines: Can the Environment Agenda Drive Public Action? - paper

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    ^KWL VH]GZTU EI VBEKEVVEIG^0NOI TBG GI]EZHILGIT OAGIDO DZE]G VWJKEN ONTEHI8

    Lozemg L Jokkg~tgzh~

    Vbekevveig Ei~tetwtg mhz Dg}gkhvlgit ^twdeg~?

    E) Eitzhdwntehi

    Tbg Vbekevveig~ e~ olhia tbg nhwitzeg~ ei O~eo qetb kozag iwljgz hm wzjoi ~kwl dqgkkgz~)

    Ei :66=+ ojhwt 1' hm wzjoi vhvwkotehi ke}g ei ~kwl~ wv mzhl :)2' ei ?556) ^kwl vhvwkotehi e~

    einzgo~eia ot oi oiiwok zotg hm >)7' nhlvozgd th wzjoi vhvwkotehi azhqtb zotg hm :)>' mhz tbg

    vgzehd :666,:66=) Ei tbg nhwitzu~ vzglegz netu hz Lgtzh Loieko+ oi g~telotgd >1' hm vhvwkotehi

    hz h}gz 4)6 lekkehi vghvkg ke}g ei ~kwl~ ei :6?6): Ju :676+ ~kwl vhvwkotehi ei Lgtzh Loieko okhig

    qekk bo}g zgonbgd 5 lekkehi) Ojhwt >:' hm ~kwl vhvwkotehi ozg vhhz qetb einhlg~ jgkhq tbg :66=iotehiok vh}gztu tbzg~bhkd hm h}gz V:6+666 "W^$466% oiiwok vgz noveto oid ?:' ozg ei grtzglg

    vh}gztu jgkhq tbg $?):7 eitgziotehiok vh}gztu keig)>

    ^kwl~ ozg nbozontgzepgd ju vhhz ~oietotehi+ h}gznzhqdgd oid nzwdg bojetotehi+ eiodgwotg

    qotgz ~wvvku+ bopozdhw~ khnotehi oid ei~gnwzetu hm tgiwzg) Tbg vghvkg ke}eia ei ~kwl~ ozg beabku

    }wkigzojkg th demmgzgit mhzl~ hm ze~c~, jhtb iotwzok oid loi,lodg) Tbgez ke}eia nhidetehi~ dgvent

    vh}gztu ei tgzl~ hm jhtb eiodgwotg einhlg~ oid gi}ezhilgitok dgvze}otehi) ^twdeg~ ~bhq tbot

    ~kwl vh}gztu vwt~ lo`hz ~tzg~~ hi vghvkg!~ ke}g~ tbzhwab vhkkwtehi+ nhiag~tehi+ ihe~g+ ~toaioit

    qotgz oid mkhhdeia) Bhw~gbhkd~ ke}eia ei tbg~g vhhz gi}ezhi~ vou lhzg mhz jo~en ~gz}eng~ "e)g)+

    qotgz oid gkgntzenetu%+ bo}g vhhzgz bgoktb ~totw~+ bo}g vhhzgz ~nbhhk vgzmhzloing+ bo}g khqgz

    vzhdwnte}etu oid ozg }wkigzojkg th nzelg~ oid }ehkging) Qbekg tbg nhwitzu bo~ lodg ~wj~toiteok

    vzhazg~~ ei qotgz oid ~oietotehi tozagt~ hm tbg LDA~+ et bo~ dhig vhhzku ei elvzh}eia tbg ke}g~ hm

    vghvkg ei ~kwl~ oid ei vzh}edeia woketu hm kemg mhz lh~t hm tbg wzjoi vhhz)

    Tbg hj`gnte}g hm tbe~ vovgz e~ th vzg~git tbg ~hnehgnhihlen nhidetehi oid gi}ezhilgitok

    ~etwotehi hm ~kwl~ ei tbg Vbekevveig~ g~vgneokku ei Lgtzh Loieko hz tbg Iotehiok Novetok Zgaehi

    "INZ%) Et dg~nzejg~ tbg iotwzg oid grtgit hm ~kwl vh}gztu oid grvkhzg~ tbg vzhjkgl~ oid vghvkg~

    zg~vhi~g~ th tbgez gi}ezhilgit oid th tbzgot~ hm nkelotg nboiag) Tbg vovgz ozawg~ tbot jod

    gi}ezhilgit dggvgi~ vh}gztu+ grnkwdg~ tbg vhhz mzhl azhqtb oid locg~ tbgl }wkigzojkg th

    nkelotg nboiag)

    ?Zg~goznb Mgkkhq+ ljokkg~tgzh~Floek)ved~)ah})vb) Joncazhwid Vovgz mhz tbg Nhimgzging hi tbg Gi}ezhilgit~ hm tbg

    Vhhz ei tbg Nhitgrt hm Nkelotg Nboiag oid tbg Azggi Gnhihlu+ :4,:= Ih}gljgz :6?6+ Igq Dgkbe):

    Lgtzh Loieko Zhod Lov mhz Wzjoi Zgigqok oid Jo~en ^gz}eng~ mhz tbg Vhhz) Zgvhzt vzgvozgd ju tbg Bhw~eia oidWzjoi Dg}gkhvlgit oid Nhhzdeioteia Nhwinek oid Khnok Ah}gzilgit Wiet~) Ih}gljgz :662)

    > W^$? < Vbv76

    Tbg }egq~ grvzg~~gd ei tbe~ vovgz(vzg~gitotehi ozg tbg }egq~ hm tbg owtbhz"~% oid dh iht igng~~ozeku zgmkgnt tbg }egq~ hzvhkeneg~ hm tbg O~eoi Dg}gkhvlgit Joic "ODJ%+ hz et~ Jhozd hm Dezgnthz~+ hz tbg ah}gzilgit~ tbgu zgvzg~git) ODJ dhg~ ihtawozoitgg tbg ~hwzng+ hzeaeioketu+ onnwzonu+ nhlvkgtgig~~ hz zgkeojeketu hm oiu ~totglgit+ eimhzlotehi+ doto+ meideia+eitgzvzgtotehi+ od}eng+ hveiehi+ hz }egq vzg~gitgd+ ihz dhg~ et locg oiu zgvzg~gitotehi nhingzieia tbg ~olg)

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    EE) Gnhihlen Elvhztoing hm tbg Wzjoi ^gnthz ei tbg Vbekevveig~

    Tbg mwtwzg dg}gkhvlgit hm tbg nhwitzu qekk zg~t hi tbg wzjoi ~gnthz) Tbg Vbekevveig~

    dg}gkhvlgit votb e~ nbozontgzepgd ju o mo~t azhqeia ~gz}eng~ ~gnthz oid o koaaeia loiwmontwzeia

    oid oazenwktwzg ~gnthz) Ojhwt 2:' hm vzhdwntehi oid ==' hm glvkhulgit ei :665+ ozg onnhwitgd

    mhz ju wzjoi onte}eteg~ loeiku mzhl tbg ~gz}eng ~gnthz~ ~wnb o~ tgkgnhllwienotehi~+ ET+ JVH+thwze~l)4 Lgtzh Loieko qbenb e~ tbg novetok netu qetb tbg kozag~t ~gz}eng ~gnthz onnhwit~ mhz >1' hm

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    oid thtok glvkhulgit qekk einzgo~g ju 5:' oid 22'+ zg~vgnte}gku oid tbg ~gz}eng ~gnthz qekk kecgku

    jg tbg dze}gz hm wzjoi azhqtb ei tbg khiagz tgzl)7

    Mhkkhqeia tbe~ azhqtb vottgzi+ tbg wzjoiepotehi vzhng~~ bo~ jggi onnhlvoiegd ju ~eaiemenoit

    leazotehi th lgtzhvhketoi ozgo~ qbgzg lh~t wzjoi onte}eteg~ ozg nhingitzotgd) Tbg gnhihlen

    hvvhztwieteg~ ei thqi~ oid neteg~ ottzont khq oid leddkg einhlg vghvkg mzhl tbg zwzok ozgo~ ei

    ~goznb hm igq hz jgttgz einhlg hvvhztwieteg~) Hi tbg htbgz boid+ tbg kh~~ hm mozlkoid oid

    widgzvgzmhzleia oazenwktwzg ~gnthz vw~b vghvkg th neteg~ oid thqi~ th g~novg vh}gztu oid meid

    `hj~) Jgtqggi ?556 oid :666+ wzjoi vhvwkotehi azgq ju :)7' nhlvozgd th hig,bokm hm higvgzngit ei zwzok ozgo~) Ju :666 ojhwt 42' hm vhvwkotehi hz >= lekkehi vghvkg okzgodu ke}gd ei wzjoi

    ozgo~ "Tojkg ?%) Ei :6:6+ wzjoi vhvwkotehi qekk grnggd zwzok vhvwkotehi qetb 71 lekkehi vghvkg hz

    7:' hm vhvwkotehi ke}eia ei wzjoi ozgo~) Ei,leazotehi e~ beabg~t ei Lgtzh Loieko qbenb e~ ok~h tbg

    ngitgz hm gnhihlen+ ~hneh,nwktwzok oid vhketenok onte}eteg~ ei tbg nhwitzu) Ei :666+ =6' hm vhvwkotehi

    azhqtb ei Lgtzh Loieko e~ dwg th igt leazotehi)=

    Tojkg ?) Vhvwkotehi ei Cgu Wzjoi Neteg~+ Vbekevveig~

    ^hwzng~0 Iotehiok ^tote~ten~ Hmmeng3 Iotehiok ^tote~tenok Nhhzdeiotehi Jhozd3 Wietgd Iotehi~+ Dgvoztlgit hm Gnhihlen oid ^hneokOmmoez~

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    mhz Dg}gkhvlgit ^twdeg~ "Hnthjgz :6?6%) Dzomt= Nojgaei ":6?6%) Vottgzi~ hm Wzjoi azhqtb ei tbg Vbekevveig~) Dzomt+ Wivwjke~bgd Zgvhzt)

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    lokk Neteg~ "6+666?66+666% 7? 4+=67+?6 ?= +77+ 47 7 ?6

    KozagThqi~ "?66+666?+666+666% ? :+ =?+ 4 7 ?6 4+ 64+ : = ?:

    KozagNeteg~ "?66+666?+666+666% ? ?+6=+7?= :: 4= ?7+6=+:4 :6 4?

    gao oieko"?6 oidojh}g% ? + 4+ : ? : + :+7=6 ? :

    Ontwok Vhvwkotehi

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    ^hwzng~0 Iotehiok ^tote~ten~ Hmmeng3 Iotehiok ^tote~tenok Nhhzdeiotehi Jhozd3 Wietgd Iotehi~+ Dgvoztlgit hm Gnhihlen oid ^hneok Ommoez~Ihtg0

    Vhvwkotehi vzh`gntgd w~eia tbg Oiiwok Wzjoi Azhqtb Zotg mzhl Wietgd Iotehi~+ Dgvoztlgit hm Gnhihlen oid ^hneok Ommoez~+Vhvwkotehi De}e~ehi+ oid w~eia Aghlgtzen Azhqtb0 Vt#i < Vt "? # z%Yi

    Azhqtb Zotg~ w~gd mhz Wzjoi Vbekevveig~+ ^lokk Neteg~+ Kozag Thqi~ oid Kozag Neteg~0 :):= ":6?6%+ :)>2 ":6:6%+ ?)>= ":676%3 mhzLgao Loieko0 ?)=> ":6?6%+ ?)4> ":6:6%+ ?)?2 ":676%)

    Wzjoiepotehi e~ nbozontgzepgd ju de~teint begzoznbu hm ~gttkglgit~) Zoved vhvwkotehi azhqtb

    bo~ jggi hnnwzzeia loeiku ei kozag thqi~ oid neteg~ qbgzg tbg gnhihlu dhg~ iht zg}hk}g ozhwid

    mozleia) Tbg begzoznbu hm ~gttkglgit e~ lwnb g}edgit qetb beab nhingitzotehi hm vhvwkotehi ei mgq

    wzjoi ngitgz~) Lgtzh Loieko e~ tbg iotehi~ lgaonetu nhi~e~teia hm ?1 odleie~tzote}g neteg~ qetb o

    nhljeigd vhvwkotehi hm 5)2 lekkehi hz h}gz ?>' hm thtok vhvwkotehi ei :666) Tbg ?6: kozag thqi~

    oid neteg~ qetb vhvwkotehi ojh}g ?66+666 ozg khnotgd ei tbg htbgz thv wzjoiepeia zgaehi~) 1 O~edg

    mzhl Lgtzh Loieko+ zoved wzjoiepotehi mzhl :666 hiqozd~ bo~ ok~h jggi toceia vkong ei mhwz htbgz

    zgaehi~+ iolgku+ Zgaehi~ > oid 4+ 1 oid ?? "Meawzg ?%) Zgaehi~ > oid 4 ozg tbg zgaehi~ ozhwid

    tbg vgzevbgzeg~ hm Lgtzh Loieko) Tbgzg ozg me}g kozag lgtzhvhketoi nkw~tgz~ qetb vhvwkotehi hm

    ojh}g ? lekkehi ei tbg~g zgaehi~ iolgku+ tbg Lgtzh Oiagkg~ oid tbg Lokhkh~,Lgunowuoi nhzzedhz eiZgaehi > oid tbg Jonhhz,Do~lozeo~ nhzzedhz+ tbg Nokoljo,^oi Vgdzh nhzzedhz+ oid tbg azgotgz

    Oitevhkh ozgo ei Zgaehi 4)2 Zgaehi~ 1 oid ?? ozg khnotgd ei tbg ]e~ouo~ oid Leidoioh E~koid~+

    zg~vgnte}gku) Zoved wzjoiepotehi ei tbg~g zgaehi~ e~ mwgkgd ju tbg mo~t gnhihlen azhqtb hm

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    26' hm thtok wzjoi vhvwkotehi ei :666) Ju :6?6+ et e~ g~telotgd tbot >7 lekkehi vghvkg ozg ke}eia ei

    tbg~g cgu wzjoi ngitgz~) Vzh`gntehi~ mhz :6:6 ~bhq tbot tbgzg qekk jg 44 lekkehi vghvkg ei tbg~g

    lo`hz lgtzhvhketoi ngitgz~ oid ju :676 vhvwkotehi qekk bo}g zgonbgd 74 lekkehi) Tbg lh~t zoved

    wzjoiepotehi qekk tocg vkong ei tbg lgtzhvhketoi nkw~tgz~ hm Zgaehi~ > oid 4) Tbg ojh}g ~voteok

    de~tzejwtehi e~ wikecgku th jg oktgzgd ot kgo~t ei tbg igrt :6 ugoz~) 5

    1Tbgzg ozg ojhwt ?+=>? thqi~ oid neteg~ ei tbg Vbekevveig~ grnkwdeia neteg~ ei Lgtzh Loieko)

    2Nozeh oid Nhzvwp ":665% Thqozd~ o tzotgaen Wzjoi Dg}gkhvlgit oid Bhw~eia vhkenu mhz tbg Vbekevveig~) De~nw~~ehi

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    WzjoiVbekevveig~ +12?+666 5 ?66 1+==+666 : ?66 ?6?+>16+666 2 ?6lokk Neteg~">6+666,?66+666% ? +5=+:?: ?6 +1 +=?6 ?6 1+6=+??? >

    ozagThqi~"?66+666,?+666+666% >? +>2:+2=1 = ?: =+256+=:6 = ?: 2+ 2+>

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    LgaoLoieko"?6Loidojh}g% ? ??+ :+?66 ?: : ?:+11+566 ?? :: ?+12:+?5? 2

    Iwljgz hm

    Neteg~

    :676

    Vzh`gntgd Vhvwkotehi

    :6?6 :6:6

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    Meawzg ?) Wzjoiepotehi ei Zgaehi~ qetb Kozag Lgtzhvhketoi Ngitgz~

    Tojkg :) ADV oid Glvkhulgit ei tbg Thv Me}g Wzjoi Zgaehi~

    Ihtg0? ^hwzng0 Iotehiok tote~tenok Nhhzdeiotehi Jhozd+ :662 Doto: ^hwzng0 Iotehiok tote~ten~ Hmmeng+ :662 Doto

    EEE) Wzjoi oid ^kwl Vh}gztu ei tbg Lgtzhvhketoi Ngitgz~

    Vh}gztu einedging ei wzjoi ozgo~ e~ khqgz nhlvozgd th zwzok ozgo~ jwt ~bgktgz dgvze}otehi ei

    wzjoi ozgo~ e~ onwtg) Wzjoi vh}gztu e~ ~tekk lwnb khqgz tboi zwzok vh}gztu jwt tbg iwljgz hm

    wzjoi vhhz vhvwkotehi e~ ze~eia dwg th zoved wzjoiepotehi) O~ hm :66=+ tbgzg ozg ojhwt 2 lekkehi

    vhhz ei wzjoi ozgo~ oid ojhwt bokm hm tbe~ vhvwkotehi e~ mhwid ei Lgtzh Loieko oid htbgz kozag neteg~

    oid thqi~ "Tojkg >%) Lhzgh}gz+ vh}gztu einedging hiku novtwzg~ einhlg vh}gztu oid dhg~ iht

    , :6 46 =6 26 ?66

    Vbekevveig~

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    Zgaehi E] 5=7+::> ?>)6 7+5=? ?=)?

    Zgaehi ]EE 761+22= =)2 :+2>> 1)=

    Zgaehi RE >>1+>?6 4)7 ?+144 4)1

    ^wjthtok 7+?:5+=14 =5 ?5+?42 7:

    Vbekevveig~ 1+4:>+:?> ?66)6 >1+??= ?66)6

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    zgmkgnt htbgz mhzl~ hm dgvze}otehi) Dgvze}otehi ei lgtzhvhketoi ngitgz~ e~ loeiku wigwok onng~~ th

    jo~en ~gz}eng~ oid ~bgktgz) Lh~t thqi~ oid neteg~ ei tbg nhwitzu bo}g jggi wivzgvozgd mhz tbg

    zoved zotg oid beab kg}gk hm wzjoiepotehi tbot grgztgd tzglgidhw~ vzg~~wzg hi thqi~(neteg~

    eimzo~tzwntwzg oid jo~en ~gz}eng~) Tbe~ kgd th tbg azhqtb hm wizgawkotgd ~gttkglgit~ hz ~kwl~)

    Ah}gzilgit bo~ thkgzotgd tbg azhqtb hm ~kwl~ qbekg tbg bhw~eia lozcgt bo~ iht jggi ojkg th cggv

    vong qetb wzjoi bhw~eia dgloid) Tbgzg e~ oi g~telotgd bhw~eia iggd hm >)1 lekkehi wiet~ oid tbg~bhztmokk~ ozg nhingitzotgd ei khq,einhlg bhw~eia qbgzg "e% tbg vhvwkotehi e~ kgo~t ojkg th zg~vhid

    th ze~eia koid vzeng~ oid bhw~g nhi~tzwntehi nh~t~ oid "ee% tbg vze}otg bhw~eia lozcgt bo~ iht jggi

    ojkg th vzh}edg bhw~eia ot ommhzdojkg vzeng~ nkh~g th vkong~ hm qhzc)?6 Lhzgh}gz+ tbg meioineok

    ~gnthz bo~ jggi }gzu nhi~gz}ote}g qetb bhlg meioineia o~ zgmkgntgd ei tbg }gzu khq dgvtb hm

    zg~edgiteok lhztaoag meioing ei tbg Vbekevveig~)??

    Tojkg >) Vh}gztu Einedging+ Vbekevveig~+ :66=

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    ^kwl vhvwkotehi e~ ze~eia oid azhq~ ot o mo~tgz zotg tboi wzjoi vhvwkotehi) Ei :66=+ 1' hmtbg wzjoi vhvwkotehi hz ojhwt > lekkehi vghvkg ke}gd ei ~kwl~ "Tojkg 4%) ^kwl vhvwkotehi e~ beabg~t

    ei Lgtzh Loieko qbgzg ? hm g}gzu ?6 vgz~hi~ ke}gd ei ~kwl~) Bhqg}gz+ tbg~g vzhvhztehi~ ozg khq

    g~telotg~ hm ~kwl vhvwkotehi ei tbg nhwitzu ~eing tbg iotehiok ~wz}gu novtwzg~ hiku ~wottgz~ hz

    ekkgaok ~gttkglgit~)?: ^kwl~ bo}g jggi dgmeigd th einkwdg jkeabtgd ozgo~ tbot konc jo~en

    eimzo~tzwntwzg oid ~gz}eng~+ ~wottgz ozgo~ "ekkgaok ~gttkglgit~% oid ozgo~ qbgzg tbg ~gttkgz~ kgaok

    zgvzg~gitotehi bo~ iht jggi dhnwlgitgd mhzlokku "e)g) grtzo kgaoketu hm koid tgiwzg%) W~eia tbe~

    jzhodgz dgmeietehi hm ~kwl+ tbgzg ozg h}gz 4)6 lekkehi ~kwl dqgkkgz~ ei Lgtzh Loieko ju :6?6) Et e~

    ?6ODJ ":666%) Oi H}gz}egq hm tbg Vbekevveig Bhw~eia ^gnthz3 Kkoith oid Hzjgto ":66?% Tbg ^totg hm Vbekevveig

    Bhw~eia Vzhazol~0 O Nzetenok Khhc ot Bhq Bhw~eia ^wj~edeg~ Qhzc) Vbekevveig Ei~tetwtg mhz Dg}gkhvlgit ^twdeg~:66?)

    ??^gg nhlvozote}g ~twdeg~ onzh~~ nhwitzeg~) Qozihnc+ ])N oid Qozihnc+ M)G ":662%) Lozcgt~ oid Bhw~eia Meioing)@hwziok hm Bhw~eia Gnhihlen~ > "?% :662) V)?,?7)

    ?: Tbg Moleku einhlg oid Grvgidetwzg ^wz}gu "MEG^% nhidwntgd g}gzu tbzgg ugoz~ novtwzg~ loeiku bhw~gbhkd~ ei

    eimhzlok ~gttkglgit~ hz tbh~g hnnwvueia koid qetbhwt nhi~git mzhl hqigz~) Bhqg}gz+ tbgzg ozg ~g}gzok eimhzlokozzoiaglgit~ hi koid qbenb vzh}edg nhi~git) Tbg doto dh iht novtwzg eimhzlok bhw~gbhkd~ qetbhwt vgzloigit oddzg~~+tbh~g hnnwvueia doiagz ozgo~+ nglgtgzeg~ hz tbh~g ommgntgd ju ah}gzilgit eimzo~tzwntwzg vkoi) Tbw~+ MEG^ doto hi~kwl vhvwkotehi e~ o khq g~telotg) Mhz ei~toing ei :667+ tbg Wzjoi O~~gt Zgmhzl Hmmeng hm BWDNN zgnhzdgd ei LgtzhLoieko okhig ~hlg 1:=+562 eimhzlok ~gttkgz molekeg~ hz ojhwt >)= lekkehi vhvwkotehi)

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  • 8/8/2019 Addressing Slum Poverty in the Philippines: Can the Environment Agenda Drive Public Action? - paper

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  • 8/8/2019 Addressing Slum Poverty in the Philippines: Can the Environment Agenda Drive Public Action? - paper

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