adjective & adverb unit 3 signs & directions 职通英语综合教程① career express...

Adjective & Adverb

Unit 3 Signs & Directions

职通英语综合教程①Career Express English

Content

Adjective1

2

333

Comparison and comparative construction

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2 Adverb2222

Practice4

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Adjective

Definition

Classification of adjectives

Adjective as modifier in noun phrases

Adjective as complement

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1. Definition

An adjective is a kind of word (a part of speech) that modifies (describes) a noun. An adjective is a word that gives more information about the noun that goes with it.

Adjective

That's an interesting idea. That idea is interesting. Tell me something interesting.

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2. Classification of adjectives

one-word adjectives

Adjective

one free morpheme: big, good, hard, round, square

one free morpheme plus a prefix or a suffix or both: lovely, economic, Spanish, impossible, unkind, disloyal, multimedia, voiceless, instructive, unthinkable

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one-word adjectives

Adjective

Adjective suffix:

-able desirable reasonable considerable

-al personal national natural

-ous dangerous continuous famous

-ive creative attractive talkative

-ic electronic optimistic characteristic

-ful hopeful grateful wonderful-ly lonely lovely friendly costly likely

-ent different confident frequent

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compound adjectives

Adjective

adjective + adjective: bitter-sweet ( 甜苦参半的 ) , deaf-mute ( 聋哑的 )

adjective/adverb + -ing participle: good-looking, easy-going ( 随和的 ), hard-working

adjective/adverb + -ed participle: newly-born, well-known

noun + adjective: grass-green ( 草绿色的 ), duty-free ( 免税的 )noun + -ing participle: ocean-going( 远洋航行的 ), law-abiding ( 守法的 )

noun + -ed participle: hand-madeadjective + noun + -ed: kind-hearted( 仁慈的 ), absent-minded ( 健忘的，心不在焉的 )

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3. Adjective as modifier in noun phrases Premodifier

Adjective

He is a tall man.It’s a beautiful present.The red pencil is mine.

Adjectives usually appear after the determiner and before the headword.

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3. Adjective as modifier in noun phrases Premodifier

Adjective

a well-known German medical schoolan interesting little red French oil painting

When two or more premodifying adjectives appear on different levels, their normal order is like this: (determiner) ─ adjective denoting the speaker’s evaluation ─ adjective denoting size, shape, age ─ adjective denoting colour ─ adjective denoting nationality, origin, material ─ adjective denoting use or purpose ─ noun head

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3. Adjective as modifier in noun phrases postmodifier

Adjective

There is something wrong with the watch.Is there anything special?There is nothing new.

Sometimes adjectives may take a post-head position. This normally occurs when the headword is a some- / any- / no- compound.

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3. Adjective as modifier in noun phrases postmodifier

Adjective

The man awake at that time was Mr. Smith.

Adjectives with a- as prefix, such as afraid, alive, alike, asleep, awake, cannot be placed before a noun as premodifier, but they can be used as postmodifier.

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4. Adjective as complement

As subject complement

Adjective

The cake tastes delicious. He looks very tired. 　　

Link verbs: be , become, get, prove, get, turn, look, sound, feel, taste, smell 等。

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4. Adjective as complement

As object complement

Adjective

Running in the morning makes him strong.We think the film really interesting.Who has left the door open?I found her asleep on the grass.

subject + predicate + object + adjective (as object complement).

Translation: 请保持教室清洁。

我觉得这个故事很有趣。Please keep the classroom clean.

I found the story interesting.

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Adverb

Definition

Classification of adverbs

Chief uses of adverbs

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1. Definition

Adverb

Adverbs are a word class that chiefly functions as modifying elements, but what is modified by an adverb is normally a verb, an adjective, a preposition, a conjunction or another adverb.

I can hardly believe what he said. I am very happy to be with you.

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2. Classification of adverbs

Adverb

Adverbs of time ( now, then, soon, early, ago)Adverbs of frequency ( usually, never, sometimes)Adverbs of place ( here, home, near, above)Adverbs of manner (quickly, hard, suddenly)Adverbs of degree ( much, almost, very, hardly)Interrogative adverbs ( when, where, how, why)Relative adverbs (when, where, why)Conjunctive adverbs (why, how, if, whether, when)

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3. Chief uses of adverbs

Adverbs as modifier in phrases

Adverb

They completely ignored my views. He had an unusually deep voice.He drives extremely carelessly.There’s the house right in front of you.It takes quite some time.

Obviously there’s much to do.

Recently they had an accident.

Adverbs as adverbial in clauses or sentences

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Regular comparison

Irregular comparison

Comparative construction

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1. Regular comparison


构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词末尾加 -er,-est tall taller tallest

以不发音的 e 结尾的单音词和少数以 - le 结尾的双音节词只加 -r,-st

nice nicer nicest

以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加 -er,-est

big bigger biggest

" 以辅音字母 +y" 结尾的双音节词，改y 为 i ，再加 -er ， -est

busy busier busiest

少数以 -er,-ow 结尾的双音节词末尾加 -er,-est

clever cleverer cleverest

其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more ， most 来构成比较级和最高级

important more important

most important

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2. Irregular comparison

good/well ---better---best

bad/ill --- worse---worst

many/much ---more---most

little ---less---least

far--farther/further--farthest/furthest


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3. Comparative construction


as … as

He is as excited as his younger sister.The horse can’t run as fast as it did.

Translation: 我和她一样勤奋。

I am as diligent as she is.

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主语 1+ 谓动 +(much/less) + 形 / 副比较级 +than+ 主语 2…

A modern train is much faster than a car.I think English is less difficult than math.

Translation: 这间房子比那间房子大。

这本书不如那本书有趣。This room is bigger than that one.

This book is less interesting than that one.

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The + 比较级 + 主语 + 谓语… , the + 比较级 + 主语 + 谓语…

The busier he is, the happier he feels.The earlier you start, the sooner you’ll be back.

Translation: 你越努力，进步就越快。

The harder you work, the more progress you will get.

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more A than B 与其说是 B ，不如说是 A

He is more good than bad.He is more lucky than clever.

Translation: 他有勇无谋。

He is more brave than wise.

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… 倍数 + 比较级 +than…

… 倍数 +as+ 形容词 / 副词 +as

… 倍数 +the+ 名词 ( 常用 size, height, depth, length, age) +of

The river is three times longer than that one.

The ship is twice as wide as that one.

This river is 3 times the length of that one.

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主语 + 谓动 +(the) + 形 / 副最高级 +in / of ….

The Changjiang River is the longest in

China.

He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys).

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Homework

Review and try to make sentences by using the

comparative construction.

Review and try to make sentences by using the

comparative construction.

Thank You!

《职通英语》Career Express English

adjective & adverb unit 3 signs & directions 职通英语 综合教程① career express...

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adjective & adverb unit 3 signs & directions 职通英语综合教程① career express...