adoption and numbers. the policy process interest group theory – we need to mobilize people that...
DESCRIPTION
The Policy Process Advocacy coalition – Policy subsystems – Deep core beliefs, core policy beliefs, secondary beliefs – Beliefs are changeable Social construction – Advantaged, dependents, contenders, deviants – Need to watch how we frame Multiple streams – Problem, policy, politics – Policy window – Always need to be ready Punctuated equilibrium – Anticipate stability with occasional punctuationTRANSCRIPT
Adoption and Numbers
The Policy Process
• Interest group theory– We need to mobilize people that support us– Identify those against us
• Institutional rational choice– Operational, collective choice, and constitutional– Need policies that have relevant rules at all three
• Path dependence– Policy feedback– Beware of: quick fixes and radical policies
The Policy Process• Advocacy coalition
– Policy subsystems– Deep core beliefs, core policy beliefs, secondary beliefs– Beliefs are changeable
• Social construction– Advantaged, dependents, contenders, deviants– Need to watch how we frame
• Multiple streams– Problem, policy, politics– Policy window– Always need to be ready
• Punctuated equilibrium– Anticipate stability with occasional punctuation
Practical Approach to Feasibility• Identify relevant actors
– Assume everyone may be!• Understand motivations
– Where you stand, depends on where you sit• Assess resources of actors• Choose arena• Strategies within arenas
– Co-optation– Compromise
• Negotiate interests rather than positions• These are human beings
– Heresthetics• Manipulate agenda• Sophisticated voting
– Rhetoric• Frame the issues well!
CBA
• Appropriateness as decision rule depends on whether efficiency is the only relevant value and the extent to which impacts can be monetized
Identify Relevant Impacts
• Geographic extent• Persons and preferences
Monetize Impacts
• Kaldor-Hicks criterion: policy should be adopted only if those who will gain could fully compensate losers and still be better off.
• Opportunity costs (valuing input)• Willingness to pay (valuing outcomes)• Estimate demand for nonmarketed goods– Hedonic price models– Contingent valuation surveys– Actual behavior
Discount for Time and Risk
• Present value v. Expected value• Discounting• Expected value: p. 406
Choosing a Policy
• You want to maximize net benefits• Must have mutually exclusive policy options– Synergistic is encouraged, however
• Uninformed v. informed v. best guess
Importance of Data
• Methods• Cross-tabs v. regression