adulthood and aging module 13. module overview early adulthood transitions and the social clock...
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Adulthood and Aging
Module 13
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Module Overview
• Early Adulthood Transitions and the Social Clock
• Physical Changes and Transitions
• Cognitive Changes and Transitions
• Social Changes and Transitions
Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.
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Early Adulthood Transitions and the Social
Clock
Module 13: Adulthood and Aging
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Periods of Adulthood
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Social Clock
• The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement.
• The “best” timing for certain life events
• The timing varies from culture to culture.
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Emerging Adulthood
• A period from the late teens to the mid-twenties (and sometimes later), bridging the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence and responsible adulthood.
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Five Features of Emerging Adulthood
• Identity exploration
• Instability
• Self-focus
• Age of feeling between
• Age of possibilities
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Physical Changes and Transitions
Module 13: Adulthood and Aging
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Physical Changes and Transitions:
Middle Adulthood’s Physical Changes
Module 13: Adulthood and Aging
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Menopause
• When the menstrual cycle ends;
• also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines.
• Usually occurs between age 45 and 55
• Does not usually lead to depression
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Physical Changes and Transitions:
Later Adulthood’s Physical Changes
Module 13: Adulthood and Aging
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Physical Changes: Vision
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Physical Changes: Sense of Smell
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Physical Changes: Hearing
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Physical Changes and Transitions:
Diseases Related to Aging
Module 13: Adulthood and Aging
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Alzheimer’s Disease
• A progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and finally, physical functioning.
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Senile Dementia
• Mental disintegration that accompanies alcoholism, tumor, stroke, aging, and most often, Alzheimer's disease.
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Senile Dementia
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Cognitive Changes and Transitions
Module 13: Adulthood and Aging
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Cognitive Changes and Transitions: Memory
Module 13: Adulthood and Aging
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Aging and Memory
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Cognitive Changes and Transitions: Intelligence
Module 13: Adulthood and Aging
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Fluid Intelligence
• The ability to reason speedily and abstractly.
• Can be used to solve novel logic problems
• Declines as people get older
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Crystallized Intelligence
• Accumulated knowledge and verbal skills.
• Tends to increase with age
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Age and Verbal/Nonverbal Intelligence
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Social Changes and Transitions
Module 13: Adulthood and Aging
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Social Changes and Transitions:
College Majors, Work and Happiness
Module 13: Adulthood and Aging
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College Majors
• Most college students:
– change their initial major field
– Cannot accurately predict the career they will have in later life
– Change careers once they enter the work force
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Social Changes and Transitions:
Love and Marriage
Module 13: Adulthood and Aging
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Commitment to Love
• An important factor in adult happiness
• Lasting love includes:
– Intimate self-disclosure
– Shared emotional and material support
– Similar interests and values
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Commitment to Children
• Children result in a change in the marital relationship
• Potential disagreement on the division of labor with children
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Empty Nest
• The change married couples go through as a result of their children leaving home
• Not necessarily a negative event for couples
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Social Changes and Transitions:
A Lifetime of Well-Being
Module 13: Adulthood and Aging
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Overall Life Satisfaction
• Most studies show the elderly as happy and satisfied with life.
• People tend to mellow with age.
• Most regrets focus on what the person didn’t do rather than mistakes they have made in life.
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Overall Life Satisfaction
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Social Changes and Transitions:
Dying and Death
Module 13: Adulthood and Aging
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Reactions to Death
• Reactions to death are different from culture to culture.
• Attitudes toward death and dying are changing in the United States. --more openness --facing death with dignity; hospice helps
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The End