College of Engineering and Architecture

The Architecture of the Next Generation

Control Centers

Anjan BoseWashington State University

Pullman, WA

Advanced Energy Conference

New York, NY

October 31, 2012

College of Engineering and Architecture

Tomorrow’s Power System

Managing Future Power System Complexity will

Require a New Grid Operating System

Managing Future Power System Complexity will

Require a New Grid Operating System

College of Engineering and Architecture

Drivers for the New Generation EMS

• Tectonic Changes in the Electricity Grid The power system is revolutionizing at an

exponential pace into a highly interconnected, complex, and interactive network of power systems, telecommunications, the Internet, and electronic commerce applications

• Drivers of Change

• Distributed Generation• PMUs • Communications

• Variable Generation• Demand Response • Electric Vehicles• Smart Meters

College of Engineering and Architecture

RC1

Sub1 Sub100

RCi RC10

Act1-10 Sen1-100

Subk

… …CC1 CCj CC10

……

College of Engineering and Architecture

College of Engineering and Architecture

Why is the New Generation EMSgoing to be fundamentally different?

• More Real Time data Phasor Measurements Data from distribution (DG, DR, EV, MG, etc.)

• Faster Communications – Larger Volumes

• Intelligent Substations

• Distributed Database

Architecture is Different

College of Engineering and Architecture

Control Center

Substation 1

Measurement1

Measurement i

Substation Server 1

LAN

Executive Unit1

Executive Unit i

Substation 2

Measurement1

Measurement i

Substation Server 2

LAN

Executive Unit1

Executive Unit i

Substation 3

Measurement1

Measurement i

Substation Server 3

LAN

Executive Unit1

Executive Unit i

SPS 1

Power System Communication Systems

SPS 2

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

Proposed Communications

College of Engineering and Architecture

PMU Communications

Super PDC

PDC PDC PMU

PMU PMU PMUPMUPMU

College of Engineering and Architecture

Each Application – Different Data• Monitoring at the control center Needs all data points But at slow rates (every few seconds)

• Special Protection Schemes Needs few data points But at fast rates (many times a second)

• Each application must access this data in a different way Moving real time data from source to application

is a complex optimization task

College of Engineering and Architecture

Data Base Issues

• Real time data base must be distributed Large amounts of calculated data must be part of

this data base

• Static data base must be distributed

• Historical data base will require still another design

• Substation data bases and system level data bases have to be coordinated

• All data bases in the same interconnection will have to be coordinated

• Standards will be key

College of Engineering and Architecture

Potential New Applications

• Distributed vs Centralized More calculations done at substations (e.g.

Distributed State Estimator)

• Automatic vs Manual Closing the loop (e.g. Oscillation Detection vs

Oscillation Control) Wide-area control/protection (e.g. more SPS,

more FACTS control) Model based control (e.g. SE based SCOPF)

College of Engineering and Architecture

Where are we on this path?

• PMU deployment and Substation Automation

• Distribution Automation (including smart meters and smart customers)

• ARRA Projects a big boost ($9B)

• New Applications lagging Need more interconnection-wide coordination Need Utility-Vendor Partnerships