1

Advanced Heat Pump Water Heater Research

Conducted by WSU Energy ProgramFunded by Bonneville Power

AdministrationBPA Technology Innovation Project #292

2

RTF PresentationOctober 16, 2013

Ken Eklund & Ben LarsonPurpose:• To inform RTF of technology making a first appearance in the region

—through the work of BPA & NEEA.• To obtain feedback from the RTF on the field study that is just

beginning.• To discuss the approach and research plan for developing a

provisional UES and receive feedback on the process– Potential for provisional measure in 2015

• Market-specific product, pricing, and servicing

– Proven measure may take longer• To orient the project toward the potential for a provisional UES

when the manufacturer has a US product, pricing and service capability—planned for early 2015.

3

Current Status Regional CO2 HPWH Research

• Lab test of Sanden French manufactured unitary 40 gallon HPWH sponsored by NEEA

• Lab test of Sanden Australian manufactured split 84 gallon HPWH sponsored by BPA

• Field test of 84 gallon split begun with Tacoma Power on October 14th sponsored by BPA

• Demand Response assessment of Sanden unitary and split systems currently underway

4

BPA Project Overview

• CO2 refrigerant Heat Pump Water Heater manufactured by Sanden International

• Lab test to DOE and Northern Climate Specification• Field test in partnership with:

AvistaEnergy Trust of OregonRavalli Electric CoopTacoma Power

– One install in each territory. 12-18 month monitoring.• NEEA is also a contributing partner

5

BPA Project Team

WSU• Ken Eklund, Principal Investigator• David Hales, Field Monitoring InstallationLab Test• Ben Larson, Ecotope, Test Manager and Analyst• Kumar Banerjee, Cascade Engineering, Lab Test DirectorField Installation• Mark Jerome, Fluid, System Installation CoordinatorBPA• Kacie Bedney, Project Manager and COTR

6

Sanden Split-System CO2 HPWH Lab Findings

Lab Testing Performed at Cascade Engineering, Redmond WA.

Analysis and Slides Prepared by Ben Larson, Ecotope Inc.

October, 2013

7

Photos

• Outdoor Unit in the controlled test chamber. The fluid lines connecting this to the tank are filled with potable water.

• Indoor tank instrumented in lab

8

Quick Specifications• Equipment currently built and sold in Australia• Outdoor Unit Model: GAU-A45HPA• Power Input: 240V, 15 A circuit• Tank Model: GAU-315EQTA• Storage Capacity: 315L (83 gallons)• Tank Set Point: 65°C (149°F) – not adjustable

• Outdoor unit has a variable frequency drive compressor and fan. • Water is heated at the outdoor unit. A pump circulates water from the bottom

of the tank, to the outdoor unit heat exchanger, heating the water in one pass, and reinjecting the hot water near the top of the tank.

• No resistance heating element

Custom Temperature Probe

10

TC6 TC5 TC4 TC3 TC2 TC1

11

12

Performance vs. Temperature

• Linear fit of EF to temperature

• Use TMY temperature bins to calculate an annual EF:

0 20 40 60 80 1000

1

2

3

4

5f(x) = 0.0330728934462773 x + 1.19575122603656

Performance vs. Outside Temperature

Outside Temperature (F)

Ener

gy F

acto

r

Climate Annual EF

Boise 2.9

Kalispell 2.6

Portland 3.0

Seattle 2.9

Spokane 2.8

Outside Air Temperature (F)

Energy Factor (EF) COP Output Capacity

(kW)Input Power

(kW)17 1.74 2.1 4.0 1.935 2.21 2.75 3.6 1.350 3.11 3.7 4.0 1.167 3.35 4.2 4.1 0.9795 4.3 5.0 4.6 0.93

13

• Provides 7.5 showers of 8 mins at 120°F before outlet temperature drops.• In this test, we reduce hot water flow to compensate for higher stored temperature. This

assumes a tempering valve will be used. Has the effect of increasing storage capacity and # showers delivered.

– Tank setpoint of 120°F likely to deliver 5.5-6 showers

Outlet drops below useful temperature

1 2

3 45

67

Lab Test Outputs & Summary Data• Tank UA: 4 Btu/hr-F

– Comparable to other 80 gallon HPWH tanks

• Compressor Cutoff: Sanden reports operation at -4°F• Calculated Northern Climate Specification EF: 3.2

– NC Spec requires EF>2.4 for Tier 3

• First Hr Rating Test: 97.8 gallons• # Efficient Showers: 7.5• Tank storage volume: 84.7 gallons• Sound level: 48 dBA at 3ft away, 2ft high

– Current integrated HPWHs typically range 55-65dBA– NC Spec requires dBA<55

14

15

Installation-Tacoma-10-15-13

16

Field Test Plan

• Research Questions– How do these systems perform through the range of

temperature and humidity conditions at the test site locations?

– What are the energy savings compared to electric resistance water heaters used at the test sites during the previous two or more years?

– What are the operational profiles of these systems? How are these profiles impacted by site and use specifics?

– How do the home occupants respond to these systems?

17

Project Timeline and Stage Gates• Stage Gate 2: Review lab test results. Complete. September 30, 2013.• Draft midterm report April 30, 2014—for data collected from

installation through March 2014.• Stage Gate 3: Evaluation of field research at first midterm by May 31,

2014.• Draft interim report August 31, 2014-- for data collected from April 1,

2014 through July 2014.• Stage Gate 4: Evaluation of field research at second midterm by

September 30, 2014.• Final field study report May 31, 2015

• Provisional UES measure to RTF late 2014 or early 2015

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N

Current BPA HPWH Research

18

TIP 262 PNNL:Demonstration of 2nd generation prototype ducted GE “Brillion” hybrid

in the Lab Homes Performance with ducted exhaust Performance with ducted supply & exhaust Demand response characteristics

TIP 263 EPRI:Development of next-generation HPWH: Modeling Prototyping Laboratory testing

B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N

Current BPA HPWH Research

TIP 302 WSUEP:Assessment of Demand Response Potential of HPWH – Sanden CO2

split system

Lab and field testing

Website for more information on TI projects:

http://www.bpa.gov/Doing%20Business/TechnologyInnovation/Pages/Technology-Innovation-Projects.aspx

Kacie Bedney, BPA Project Manager

503.230.4631

kcbedney@bpa.gov

20

Additional Slides

21

TC6

TC5

TC4

TC3 TC2 TC1

22

23

24