advanced light source - upgrade - medsi€¦ · sample holder cryostat theta phi y x y x pinhole...

Rob DuarteMechanical Engineering Department Head

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

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Advanced Light Source - Upgrade

Outline

• qRIXS Spectrometer

• COSMIC Scattering Endstation

• The ALS upgrade (ALS-U) concept

• ALS-U Planning and Developments

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Outline





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Small Project Engineering4

qRIXS Spectrometer Design

• Resonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering (RIXS) with the capability to vary the momentum transfer (q) (qRIXS)

Small Project Engineering

Background - Endstation Overview

• Scientific goals• Overview of endstation project goals• Key components of design

– Optical layout & Design– “Kinematic” interchangeable mounting system– Detector positioning - Swing arm design

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Scientific goals

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• Energy Range 100 eV - 1.2 KeV

• Moderate resolving power, High through put– Resolving power >5,000 @ O K edge (540eV)

drops to ~3,300 at 1,000eV

SHADOW simulation showing the resolving power at 540eV (left panel) and 800eV (right panel).

<ki,ωi| |kf,ωf>


Scientific goals & Design Requirements

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• Compact size – Opportunity to use several spectrometers

simultaneously to cover a large horizontal angle

• Modular Design– Easy to transport, setup, align

• Design trade off– Resolving power usually scales with the length – Throughput usually scales inversely with the

length squared


Background Endstation Overview

• Endstation will have capability to accommodate spectrometers on all 5 ports



• Three spectrometers for first installation



• Endstation will have capability to accommodate spectrometers on all 5 ports

Ion pump and mounting spool are stationary.Reduces sprung massProvides stationary support in vacuum chamber for Laser and THz Optics

∅ 40” Kaydon Bearing± 13º of rotation


Spectrometer Layout

Upstream Vacuum AssyOptics Chamber

Kinematic Mount

Composite Swing Arm

Detector

• Spectrometer Envelope Dimensions: 74” Length x 17” Width x 28” Height • Horizontal acceptance 74 mr

Spherical pre-mirror

VLS Plane grating


Spectrometer Fundamentals

Beam Dimension A (mm) Angle B (⁰)Zero Order 1100 88

1200eV 1100.9 85.7

200eV 1094 80

100eV 1086 75.91

900mm

88⁰

*88.5⁰

Zero Order

1200eV

200eV

100eV

100mm A

B

Spherical Mirror

GratingCCD

Source

* For Zero Order, grating angle is set to 88º

Engineering Division13

Spectrometer Full Beam Capacity

• Full Beam Fan:– 74mrad Horizontal Divergence

• Source to Grating Center = 1000mm• Grating Clear Aperture= 74mm

X-Ray Beam

LBL 5 Chip CCDActive area 15.2 mmx 35.1 mm 5 micron vertical pixel size

Mirror

Grating

C

Beam Full Beam Width @ Detector (C)

Zero Order 155.42

1200eV 155.44

200eV 154.28

100eV 152.74



Based on Hettrick-Underwood layout, Aluminum wire seal based on Cornell process


Optics Positioning Requirements

• Spherical Mirror Alignment & Adjustment

• Grating Alignment & Adjustment

Required Alignment Tolerance (Desired Value) In Process Adjustment Required

X 500µm (100µm) N/A

Y 500µm (100µm) N/A

Z 25µm (10µm) N/A

θx 0.01⁰ +/-0.5⁰ (0.002⁰Resolu)on)

θy 0.05⁰(0.01⁰) N/A

θz N/A N/A

Required Alignment Tolerance (Desired Value) In Process Adjustment Required

X 500µm (200µm) N/A

Y 200µm N/A

Z 25µm (10µm) N/A

θx 0.02⁰ +/-0.5⁰ (0.002⁰Resolu)on)

θy 0.01⁰ N/A

θz 0.05⁰ N/A


Mirror & Grating Assembly

• Relative position set by solid aluminum mount fabricated & bolted to optics chamber lid.– Approximate Overall Dimensions: 5.5” L x 6.2” W x 3.4” H 25 micron

• 6 DOF adjustability on Mirror and Grating:– Siskiyou Adjustment Screws ¼”-100– Spring plungers & shoulder screws with spring provide reaction force

• Riverhawk Flex Pivot for pitch adjustment


Kinematic Mounting & Chamber Support

• 6 point 3-2-1 mount hardened contact surfaces

• 6 Flat surfaces on endstation side• 6 Convex (large radius) surfaces

on the spectrometer side

• Both sides aligned to an artifact on the CMM

Endstation turntable mounting


Adjustable Bolt Concept

Endstation side (blue)mounted to turn table

Spectrometer side (grey)mounted to spectrometer chamber



• 6 point 3-2-1 mount - Spectrometer side

3 Vertical mounting points One inverted to take advantage of the mass of the spectrometer for nesting load

2 Horizontal along the beam direction

1 Horizontal perpendicular



• 6 point 3-2-1 mount - Spectrometer side






• 6 point 3-2-1 mount - Endstation side





Endstation with kinematic mount


Detector Positioning

• Sides Panels – CN60 1.2mm facesheets enclosing ½” honeycomb

• Top & Bottom Panels:– 2mm solid CN60 Panels– Aluminum Panels for Screw Jack, Linear Slide and Linear Stage Mount

• Modular Design:– Inserts & spacing to allow for interchangeable top & bottom panels

Worm Gear Screw Jack – Load Capacity: 1,000lbs – 20 to 1 Gear Ratio

Motor: IMS Double Stack Rotation Range: +/- 6⁰

Angular contact bearings and rotary encoder

Composite Swing Arm


Swing Arm Concept

FreeBodyDiagramFreeBodyDiagramFreeBodyDiagramWdet 39.4lbfddet 48inWvac 25.4lbfdvac 36in

Ws 10lbfds 25.6indb 8.53inθB 75.5Rb 358.92lbfRy -15.07lbfRx 347.49lbfRbearing 347.82lbf

Vacuum line tied to structure 2X

BC: Free to Rotate about Z-Axis

BC: Fixed in X

Detector

1G Vertical

1G Lateral

θb

• Material Trade– Composite vs. Aluminum– H/C vs. Solid laminate– Quasi-isotropic Layups

• Stiffness Check– Stability and Deflection– 1G Lateral and Vertical– Ground vibration response

• Strength Check– Interface loads– FE Global strains


Swing Arm Analysis - Results

• Stability– ALS base level input– FE Model transmissibility– RMS δ Requirement, 1.44µm– RMS δ Prediction, 0.07µm

1st Vert Mode

47 Hz

1st Lateral Mode

29.6 Hz


Summary

• At least 6 spectrometers have been built and installed in various endstations

• 3 will be installed on qRIXS


Thank You

Outline





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Conceptual Design Review D. Arbelaez, D. Baum, K. Chow, R. Duarte, S. Roy, K. Hanzel, Z. Hussain, S. Kevan, T. Miller, Tk Ki, J.

Pepper, T. Warwick

COSMIC Scattering Endstation

Engineering Division

COSMIC SCATTERING ENDSTATION

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Vertical scattering geometry with multiple

sample, pinhole & detector motions. The

endstation will have the ability to apply a

magnetic field, heat the sample and cool

cryogenic temperatures.



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X

YMagnet

Detector Positioning System

Cold Finger



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MagnetDetector Positioning System

Cold Finger

Sample transfer from bottom


Overview Sample Motion

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In vacuum breadboard isolated to floor

Sample holder

Cryostat

Theta Phi

Y

X

Y

X

Pinhole

• The sample shall have a minimum travel range of +/-3.5mm in the X direction.• The sample shall have a minimum travel range of +/-2mm in the Y direction.• The sample shall have a minimum grazing angular range (theta) of -5 to 150 degrees with respect to the beam

with a .005 degree resolution.• Sample rotation (phi) shall be accomplished with the sample transfer.


Overview Pinhole

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In vacuum breadboard isolated to floor

Sample holder

Cryostat

Y

X

Y

X

Pinhole

The standard pinhole size will be 5 microns.The end station shall be able to select between 2 pinhole settings and full beam. The sample and the pinhole shall stay aligned to each other in the X and Y directions within 100 nanometers or better over a minimum of 60 minutes.The pinhole shall stay aligned to the beam to within 1 micron or better over a minimum of 2 hours.The system shall accommodate a sample with a maximum size of 7 mm in diameter and 1 mm thick.


Overview Interferometery

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interferometer required to track sample and pinhole

location

H - on axis to sample holder

H - pinhole

V - Sample axisV - pinhole


Overview In Vacuum

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Sprung Kapton straps: Theta brakes

Beam in

Theta encoder

Theta rotation

Preloading for stages

X-travel limits

Horiz “X” travel

Vert “Y” travel

(Encoded stages)


Sample transfer

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Sample transfer from bottom(Manufactured by transfer

engineering)


Detector Motions Overview2 Theta

-10 degrees to 170 degrees

Chi (Simulated by Linear Travel)

• In-vacuum CCD equivalent to a Princeton Detector or the LBL Fast CCD.

• The in-vacuum detector shall have a travel range of -10 degrees to 170 degrees (2 theta).

• Horizontal translation perpendicular to the incoming beam to simulate +/- 3 degrees (chi). (3 Degree Rotation is equivalent to 1.26 inches of horizontal travel.)

• The endstation shall accommodate an in-vacuum power detector (photo diode).


Magnetic Field Requirements

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• The system shall be capable of providing a uniform magnetic field at the sample's illumination zone at a minimum of .4 Tesla along the beam direction (+Z).

• The goal is that the magnetic field shall be uniform over 1mm^2 area centered on the sample.

• The magnetic field orientation shall reversible (-Z).– Request: The magnetic field orientation is desired to be rotatable in the XZ

plane. (Level wrt gravity plane.)

• The system shall be capable of providing uniform zero magnetic field of less than 20 gauss at the sample's illumination zone.


Endstation Magnet

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LN cooled magnetMagnet .65 T


Overview

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Magnet supported

independently

Cryostat


Endstation Magnet

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ENDSTATION STATUS

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Final components are being manufactured and

is planned to be assembled by the end of

the 2016

Outline





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Key characteristics of the proposed project

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• Leverages ~$500M of existing ALS infrastructure; no new building construction is necessary

• Uses demonstrated multibend-achromat technology to achieve highest brightness and coherent flux

• Accumulator ring with swap-out allows us to surpass other existing (and planned) soft x-ray sources

• No major technical uncertainties, since ALS-U design is based on extrapolation of existing technologies

• The completed ALS-U would be ready to take advantage of bright and coherent beams, with 40 operating beamlines

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ALS-U general scope

Scope• Replace existing storage ring with new multibend-achromat storage ring

• Add accumulator ring for on-axis, swap-out injection

• Add two new world-class beamlines optimized for science case

• Upgrade optics for existing beamlines

• Upgrade utilities to improve reliability

• Maintain facility operation costs comparable

Cost and schedule have been reviewed

• $300M, including escalation and contingency; assuming FY16 start date

• 6 years, with 10-12 months dark time

Engineering and Logistical challenges of an Upgrade

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•What stays and what goes?•Straight sections are fixed constraint

•Bend magnet sources move by ~7cm laterally•Minimize Dark time (10-12 months planned)

•Storage ring assembly must be modular and pre-assembled•Install (and commission) accumulator ring ahead of time

•Other Challenges•Installation access•Seismic Anchoring into existing floor (and wall)•Electrical infrastructure requirements

•Project infrastructure CAD/Project Data Management and processes

Engineering and Logistical challenges of an Upgrade

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Our approach employs key new technologies and leverages existing infrastructure

ALS-U

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install new multibend-

achromat (MBA) storage ring

reuse LINAC and booster

add accumulator ring for on-axis

swap-out injection

reuse infrastructure and

beamlines

ALS todayALS

storage ring

Up to 1000x brighter beam with ALS-Ux [µm]

y [µ

m]

−500 0 500−500

0

500

x [µm]

y [µ

m]

−500 0 500−500

0

500

x [µm]

y [µ

m]

−500 0 500−500

0

500

x [µm]

y [µ

m]

−500 0 500−500

0

500

ALS-U: multibend achromatALS: triple-bend achromat

Multibend-achromat (MBA) storage ringsenable diffraction-limited beams

Diffraction-limited rings yield the highest coherent power by matching the emittance (size and divergence) of the electron beam

with the fundamental diffraction of x-ray light.

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MBA first implemented at MAX-IV in Sweden and is being commissioned.

ALS-U performance will build on thatand go well beyond using on-axis injection.

Swap-out injection first proposed by M. Borland for APS upgrade

Swapping electron beams between the accumulator and storage rings, on axis, is key to highest coherence

storage ring electrons are transferred to accumulator ring…

… as accumulator electrons are transferred to storage ring

Accumulator + multibend-achromat storage ring allows for:• lowest emittance; highest coherence• round beams• small apertures for improved insertion device

performance

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storage ring

accumulator ring

injector

Swap-out injection first proposed by M. Borland for APS upgrade

Swapping electron beams between the accumulator and storage rings, on axis, is key to highest coherence

Accumulator + multibend-achromat storage ring allows for:• lowest emittance; highest coherence• round beams• small apertures for improved insertion device

performance

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storage ring

accumulator ring

injectorfast kickermagnets

Load Impedance(2 parallel 50 ohms)

25 ohmsStripline Voltage +/- 5.25 kVStripline Current +/- 105 ARise/Fall Time (5-95%)

7 nsFlattop (95-95%) 50 nsFlattop Ripple +/- 5%Repetition Rate <0.1 Hz

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Stripline kicker magnet (1 module)

8-stage IVA configuration (~11” tall)

LBL Infrastructure for extended beamline space

ALS-UV-17LaPceALS-URing

Central

Arc

Sec)on

MatchingS

ec)on

MatchingSec)o

n

B=0.8,50T/mGradientDipoleJan.2014

June2014

June2015

DipoleAdjustmentWinding

• Poleextensionsareop)mizedforelectricalefficiency.• Dipolewindingallowsa5%adjustmentongradient.

13mmIDVacuumChamber

24mmmagne)cradius

Jan.2016

19mmmagne)cradius

22mmIDVacuumChamber

CoFePoles

IronPoles

Packingfactorchallenges• Mul)BendAcromat(MBA)laPceshaveahighpackingdensityoffocusing

elements:quadrupolemagnetsanddipoles…• Extendedpolenosesarerequiredtomakeroominthela:ceforengineering

structures:– BPMs,vacuumcomponents,x-rayegresses,pumpingports,andsupports.

• Thereare9dipolemagnetsineachlaPcesector.

– Thedipoleextendednosessave0.54metersofspacepersector;~6.48minthering.

• Thereare14quadrupolesineachlaPcesector.

– Quadrupoleextendednosessave0.56metersofspacepersector,~6.72mofringspace.

• TheaddiFonofthepoleextensionsopensup~14.16metersofworkingspaceinthe~197mcircumferenceoftheALS-ULa:ce.

– Thisisabout7.2%ofthering.

Designop)ons:Installmagnetstomachinedtolerances

Vacuum – NEG coating of small chambers

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The most promising technology to achieve good vacuum pressures with the small apertures necessary for DLSRs are Non Evaporable Getter (NEG) coated vacuum chambers. Substantial progress has been made, both in industry, and within this R+D program, bringing NEG coated chambers with less than 6 mm diameter within reach [7]. One recent advance at LBNL was the use of Ti-Zr-V alloy wires to improve the chemical uniformity of coatings at small apertures. Challenges remain, including miniaturization of photon extraction chambers.?

Vacuum – NEG coating of small chambers

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The most promising technology to achieve good vacuum pressures with the small apertures necessary for DLSRs are Non Evaporable Getter (NEG) coated vacuum chambers. Substantial progress has been made, both in industry, and within this R+D program, bringing NEG coated chambers with less than 6 mm diameter within reach [7]. One recent advance at LBNL was the use of Ti-Zr-V alloy wires to improve the chemical uniformity of coatings at small apertures. Challenges remain, including miniaturization of photon extraction chambers.?

Coating test setup for small 6 mm diameter Cu chamber coated with Ti-Zr-V

Crotch Absorbers looking into additive manufacturing with high thermal conductivity materials such as copper and Glidcop

Vacuum Engineering – Process Flow

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SynRad MolFlowCAD

PSD

HeatLoads

PressureMapping

IterateDesignMoving/

AddingPumps

ANSYSforThermalAnalysis

Geometry

Coherence Preserving x-ray Optics

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CAD model of a side-cooled silicon block and resulting tangential and sagittal slope errors and deformation for the maximum power load. (right) interferometric test for LN temperature Si optics. Required performance is within reach.

Segmented and profiled side cooling work also being done by Lin Zhang and group at SLAC

Storageringcomponentsareanchoredto“Founda)on”

Wirewaysinfloortrenches

Storageringcomponentsareanchoredto“Founda)on”

Gradebeam

Goaltoinstallmagnetstomachinedtolerances

Where we are now and next steps

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•Developing requirements•Building the teams needed and prioritizing tasks

•As built documentation - S&A, Modeling, Documentation•Installation access and options - Conventional facilities expertise•Electrical infrastructure•HVAC•Seismic Anchoring into existing floor (and wall)

•Understand code requirements that (will) apply develop policy •Working with facilities to develop a practical plan/guidelines for implementation

•Project management infrastructure and processes

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Thank YouOn behalf of

A. Anders, J. Byrd, K. Chow, R. Duarte, J. Jung, T. Luo, T. Oliver, J. Osborn, C. Pappas, D. Robin, F. Sannibale, S. De Santis, R. Schlueter, C. Steier C. Sun, C. Swenson, W. Waldron, E. Wallen, Y. Yang, and

many others

advanced light source - upgrade - medsi€¦ · sample holder cryostat theta phi y x y x pinhole...

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