advancejs in hindi

Advance JavaScript

B c c F a l n a . c o m 0 9 7 9 9 4 - 5 5 5 0 5

Kuldeep Chand In this EBook, I have not only covered Simple Client Side Programming Concepts of JavaScript and Web Development but also various Advance Concepts like Anonymous Functions, JavaScript OOPS, JSON, AJAX, Clousers, etc… After learning JavaScript, you can very easily move to various JavaScript Frameworks like jQuery, Prototype, etc… for fast and easy Client Side Development. If you really want to be a Programmer as a Professional Developer, you will sure need to learn JavaScript because now each and everything is being developed on the basics of JavaScript. Like HTML5, which is the latest technology for web development, have been divided in various parts for various kinds of tasks to fulfill and for fulfilling various kinds of requirements, we need to use HTML5 API like Geo Location, and that is available only in JavaScript API Format. So for learning JavaScript Properly in easy to understand HINDI Language with hundreds of Example Programs, this is the only EBook for you. Just read and learn by fun.

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AdvAnce JAvAScript in Hindi

■■■ Kuldeep Chand

BetaLab Computer Center

Falna

http://www.bccfalna.com/

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Advance JavaScript in Hindi Copyright © 2013 by Kuldeep Chand All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher. Trademarked names may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Lead Editors: Kuldeep Chand Distributed to the book trade worldwide by BetaLab Computer Center, Behind of Vidhya Jyoti School, Falna Station Dist. Pali (Raj.) Pin 306116 e-mail [email protected] or visit http://www.bccfalna.com For information on translations, please contact BetaLab Computer Center, Behind of Vidhya Jyoti School, Falna Station Dist. Pali (Raj.) Pin 306116 Phone 097994-55505 The information in this book is distributed on an “as is” basis, without warranty. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this work, the author shall not have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the information contained in this book.


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This book is dedicated to those

who really wants to be

a

profeSSionAl developer


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index of

contentS


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Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................. 5

JAVASCRIPT INTRODUCTION ................................................................... 17

History of JavaScript ........................................................................................................................... 20

JavaScript Implementation ................................................................................................................. 21

ECMAScript ......................................................................................................................................... 22 Document Object Model(DOM) ........................................................................................................ 23 Browser Object Model (BOM) .......................................................................................................... 26

Web Browsers ....................................................................................................................................... 27

Engines .................................................................................................................................................. 28 Web Page – Request and Response ................................................................................................... 30

Development Environment Setup ....................................................................................................... 41 Developer Tools Console ................................................................................................................... 50 Display Message in Console .............................................................................................................. 57

JavaScript in Webpage ........................................................................................................................ 58 <script> Element ................................................................................................................................ 58 <noscript> Element ............................................................................................................................ 64

Object Oriented Programming System Fundamental ...................................................................... 65 Objects ............................................................................................................................................... 66 Class ................................................................................................................................................... 66 Encapsulation ..................................................................................................................................... 67 Aggregation or Composition .............................................................................................................. 68 Inheritance or Reusability .................................................................................................................. 68 Polymorphism .................................................................................................................................... 69

BOM – THE BROWSER OBJECT MODEL .................................................. 72

Global Scope ......................................................................................................................................... 74

Window Position ................................................................................................................................... 77

Window Size.......................................................................................................................................... 78

Intervals and Timeouts ........................................................................................................................ 80

System Dialog Boxes ............................................................................................................................. 83 alert() Method – Alert Dialog Box ..................................................................................................... 83 confirm() Method – Confirm Dialog Box .......................................................................................... 83 prompt() Method – Input Dialog Box ................................................................................................ 84

Location Object .................................................................................................................................... 87 hash Property ..................................................................................................................................... 88 host Property ...................................................................................................................................... 88


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hostname Property ............................................................................................................................. 89 pathname Property ............................................................................................................................. 89 port Property ...................................................................................................................................... 89 protocol Property ............................................................................................................................... 89 search Property .................................................................................................................................. 89 assign() Method ................................................................................................................................. 90 replace() Method ................................................................................................................................ 90 reload() Method ................................................................................................................................. 91

navigator Object ................................................................................................................................... 91 appCodeName Property ..................................................................................................................... 91 appName Property ............................................................................................................................. 91 appVersion Property .......................................................................................................................... 92 cookieEnabled Property ..................................................................................................................... 92 javaEnabled() Method ........................................................................................................................ 92 mimeTypes Property .......................................................................................................................... 92 onLine Property ................................................................................................................................. 92 platform Property ............................................................................................................................... 92 Plugins Property ................................................................................................................................. 92 userAgent Property ............................................................................................................................ 92

screen Object ........................................................................................................................................ 93 availHeight Property .......................................................................................................................... 93 availWidth Property ........................................................................................................................... 93 height Property ................................................................................................................................... 93 width Property .................................................................................................................................... 93 pixelDepth Property ........................................................................................................................... 94

history Object ....................................................................................................................................... 94

Document Writing ................................................................................................................................ 95

JAVASCRIPT OR ECMASCRIPT FUNDAMENTALS ................................ 106

Syntax .................................................................................................................................................. 106

Case Sensitive...................................................................................................................................... 106

Identifiers ............................................................................................................................................ 106

Comments ........................................................................................................................................... 107

Statements ........................................................................................................................................... 107 Block Statements ............................................................................................................................. 107

Keywords and Reserved Words ........................................................................................................ 108

Variables ............................................................................................................................................. 109

Initialization V/s Assignment ............................................................................................................ 111

DATA AND DATA TYPES .......................................................................... 113

typeof Operator .................................................................................................................................. 113


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undefined ......................................................................................................................................... 113 boolean ............................................................................................................................................. 114 string ................................................................................................................................................ 114 number ............................................................................................................................................. 114 object ................................................................................................................................................ 114 function ............................................................................................................................................ 114

undefined Type ................................................................................................................................... 114

null Type ............................................................................................................................................. 115

boolean Type ....................................................................................................................................... 116 Boolean Conversion ......................................................................................................................... 117 String Conversion ............................................................................................................................ 117 Number Conversion ......................................................................................................................... 118 Object Conversion ........................................................................................................................... 118 Undefined Conversion ..................................................................................................................... 118

number Type ....................................................................................................................................... 119 Number Range ................................................................................................................................. 120 NaN .................................................................................................................................................. 121 Number Conversion ......................................................................................................................... 122

string Type .......................................................................................................................................... 125 Character Literals or Backslash Character Constants ...................................................................... 125 String Conversion ............................................................................................................................ 126

object Type .......................................................................................................................................... 128 constructor ....................................................................................................................................... 128 hasOwnProperty(propertyName) ..................................................................................................... 128 isPrototypeOf(object) ....................................................................................................................... 129 propertyIsEnumerable(propertyName) ............................................................................................ 129 toString() .......................................................................................................................................... 129 valueOf() .......................................................................................................................................... 129

OPERATORS .............................................................................................. 131

Unary Operators ................................................................................................................................ 131 Increment ( ++ ) – Decrement ( - - ) ................................................................................................ 131 Unary Plus ( + ) and Unary Minus ( - ) ............................................................................................ 133

Bitwise Operators ............................................................................................................................... 134 Bitwise NOT .................................................................................................................................... 136 Bitwise AND .................................................................................................................................... 137 Bitwise OR ....................................................................................................................................... 137 Bitwise XOR .................................................................................................................................... 138 Left Shift .......................................................................................................................................... 138 Signed Right Shift ............................................................................................................................ 139 Unsigned Right Shift ........................................................................................................................ 140

Boolean Operators .............................................................................................................................. 140 Logical NOT .................................................................................................................................... 140 Logical AND .................................................................................................................................... 141 Logical OR ....................................................................................................................................... 142


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Multiplicative Operators ................................................................................................................... 143 Multiply ........................................................................................................................................... 143 Divide .............................................................................................................................................. 143 Modulus / Reminder ........................................................................................................................ 144

Additive Operators ............................................................................................................................. 144 Add .................................................................................................................................................. 145 Subtract ............................................................................................................................................ 146

Relational Operators .......................................................................................................................... 147

Equality Operators ............................................................................................................................. 149 Equal and Not Equal ........................................................................................................................ 149 Identically Equal and Not Identically Equal .................................................................................... 150

Conditional Operator ......................................................................................................................... 151

Assignment Operators ....................................................................................................................... 151

Comma Operator ............................................................................................................................... 152

STATEMENTS ............................................................................................ 153

if Statement ......................................................................................................................................... 153

do-while Statement ............................................................................................................................. 154

while Loop ........................................................................................................................................... 155

for Statement ...................................................................................................................................... 155

for-in Statement .................................................................................................................................. 156

Labeled Statement .............................................................................................................................. 157

break and continue Statements ......................................................................................................... 157

switch Statement ................................................................................................................................. 159

FUNCTIONS ................................................................................................ 163

Arguments ........................................................................................................................................... 164

No Perfect Overloading ...................................................................................................................... 167

VARIABLES, SCOPE AND MEMORY ....................................................... 169

Primitive and Reference Values ........................................................................................................ 169 Dynamic Property ............................................................................................................................ 170 Copying Values ................................................................................................................................ 171 Arguments Passing........................................................................................................................... 173 Determining Type ............................................................................................................................ 176


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Execution Context and Scope ............................................................................................................ 177 No-Block Level Scope ..................................................................................................................... 181 Variable Declaration ........................................................................................................................ 182 Identifier Lookup ............................................................................................................................. 183 Garbage Collection .......................................................................................................................... 183

REFERENCE TYPES .................................................................................. 185

Object Type ......................................................................................................................................... 185

Array Type .......................................................................................................................................... 188 Conversion Methods ........................................................................................................................ 192 Stack Methods .................................................................................................................................. 195 Queue Methods ................................................................................................................................ 195 Sorting Methods ............................................................................................................................... 196 Manipulation Methods ..................................................................................................................... 198

Date Type ............................................................................................................................................ 201 Inherited Methods ............................................................................................................................ 203 Date Formatting Methods ................................................................................................................ 204 Date/Time Component Methods ...................................................................................................... 204

RegExp Type ....................................................................................................................................... 207 RegExp Instance Properties ............................................................................................................. 210 RegExp Instance Methods ............................................................................................................... 211

Function Type ..................................................................................................................................... 211 Function Declaration V/s Function Expression ............................................................................... 214 Function as Values ........................................................................................................................... 216 Function Internals ............................................................................................................................ 218 Function Properties and Methods .................................................................................................... 221

Primitive Wrapper Types .................................................................................................................. 226 Boolean Types ................................................................................................................................. 228 Number Types .................................................................................................................................. 229 String Type ...................................................................................................................................... 231

Built-in Objects ................................................................................................................................... 239 Global Object ................................................................................................................................... 239 Math Object ..................................................................................................................................... 243

OOPS WITH JAVASCRIPT ........................................................................ 247

Object Creation .................................................................................................................................. 247

Factory Pattern ................................................................................................................................... 248

Constructor Pattern ........................................................................................................................... 248 Constructor as Functions .................................................................................................................. 250

Prototype Pattern ............................................................................................................................... 254 Working of Prototypes ..................................................................................................................... 257 in Operator ....................................................................................................................................... 262 Alternative way to Create Object ..................................................................................................... 265


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Prototype Pattern is Dynamic .......................................................................................................... 267 Core Object Prototypes .................................................................................................................... 270 Prototype Pattern Problem ............................................................................................................... 271

Constructor and Prototype Pattern Combination ........................................................................... 272

Dynamic Prototype Pattern ............................................................................................................... 273

Parasitic Constructor Pattern ........................................................................................................... 274

Durable Constructor Pattern ............................................................................................................ 276

ANONYMOUS FUNCTIONS ....................................................................... 279

Lexical Scope ...................................................................................................................................... 281

Closures ............................................................................................................................................... 284

Parent Function Arguments and Closures ....................................................................................... 290

Variables and Closures ...................................................................................................................... 293

this Object and Closure Problems .................................................................................................... 300

Block Scope and JavaScript .............................................................................................................. 303

Private Variables ................................................................................................................................ 309

Static Private Variables ..................................................................................................................... 312

Module Pattern ................................................................................................................................... 315

Callback Function .............................................................................................................................. 316

WEB BROWSER CLIENT DETECTION ..................................................... 322

Detect the Capability – Not the Web Browser ................................................................................. 322

Quirks Detection ................................................................................................................................. 327

User-Agent Detection ......................................................................................................................... 328

DOM – THE DOCUMENT OBJECT MODEL .............................................. 331

Hierarchy of Nodes ............................................................................................................................. 332 Node Types ...................................................................................................................................... 334 nodaName and nodeValue Properties .............................................................................................. 335 Node Relationships .......................................................................................................................... 337 Nodes Manipulation ......................................................................................................................... 339

Document Type ................................................................................................................................... 343 Document Children .......................................................................................................................... 344 Document Information ..................................................................................................................... 346


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Locating Elements in DOM Tree ..................................................................................................... 348 Special Collections........................................................................................................................... 356

Element Type ...................................................................................................................................... 357 HTML Elements .............................................................................................................................. 358 Accessing Attributes ........................................................................................................................ 360 Attribute Property ............................................................................................................................ 364 Creating New Elements ................................................................................................................... 366 Element Children ............................................................................................................................. 368

Text Type ............................................................................................................................................ 369 Text Accessing Methods .................................................................................................................. 369 Creating New Text Node ................................................................................................................. 371 Normalizing Text Nodes .................................................................................................................. 374 Splitting Text Nodes ........................................................................................................................ 375

Comment Type ................................................................................................................................... 376

CDATASection Type .......................................................................................................................... 378

DocumentType Type .......................................................................................................................... 378

DocumentFragment Type .................................................................................................................. 379

Attr Type ............................................................................................................................................. 380 name Property .................................................................................................................................. 380 value Property .................................................................................................................................. 380 specified Property ............................................................................................................................ 380

Working with DOM ........................................................................................................................... 381 Dynamic Scripts ............................................................................................................................... 381 Dynamic Styles ................................................................................................................................ 384 Table Manipulation .......................................................................................................................... 387

DOM EXTENSIONS – EXTRA FEATURES OF DOM ................................ 392

Selector API ........................................................................................................................................ 392 querySelector() Method ................................................................................................................... 393 querySelectorAll() Method .............................................................................................................. 393 matchesSelector() Method ............................................................................................................... 395

Element Traversing ............................................................................................................................ 396 childElementCount Property ............................................................................................................ 396 firstElementChild Property .............................................................................................................. 396 lastElementChild Property ............................................................................................................... 396 previousElementSibling Property .................................................................................................... 396 nextElementSibling Property ........................................................................................................... 396

HTML5 ................................................................................................................................................ 397 Class Related Additions ................................................................................................................... 397 Focus Management .......................................................................................................................... 400 HTMLDocument Changes ............................................................................................................... 401 Character Set Properties ................................................................................................................... 403 Custom Data Attributes .................................................................................................................... 403 Markup Handling Extension ............................................................................................................ 404


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Sole Proprietary Extension ................................................................................................................ 408 Document Mode............................................................................................................................... 409 children Property .............................................................................................................................. 411 contains() Method ............................................................................................................................ 411 Text Insertion in Markups ................................................................................................................ 413 innerText Property ........................................................................................................................... 413 outerText Property ........................................................................................................................... 415 Scrolling ........................................................................................................................................... 416

DOM LEVEL 2 AND 3 – EVENT HANDLING ............................................. 419

Event Flow .......................................................................................................................................... 421 Event Bubbling Flow ....................................................................................................................... 421 Event Capturing ............................................................................................................................... 422 DOM Event Flow ............................................................................................................................. 423

Event Handlers or Event Listeners ................................................................................................... 424 HTML Event Handlers .................................................................................................................... 424 DOM Level 0 Event Handlers ......................................................................................................... 427 DOM Level 2 Event Handlers ......................................................................................................... 429 Internet Explorer Event Handlers..................................................................................................... 433 Cross Browser Event Listener .......................................................................................................... 435

Event Object ....................................................................................................................................... 440 DOM Event Object .......................................................................................................................... 441 Internet Explorer Event Object ........................................................................................................ 446 Cross-Browser Event Object ............................................................................................................ 449

Event Types ......................................................................................................................................... 452 User Interface (UI) Events ............................................................................................................... 453 Focus Events .................................................................................................................................... 460 Mouse and Wheel Events ................................................................................................................. 462 Keyboard and Text Events ............................................................................................................... 479 Composition Events ......................................................................................................................... 484 Mutation Events ............................................................................................................................... 486 HTML5 Events ................................................................................................................................ 489 Device Events .................................................................................................................................. 500 Touch and Gesture Events ............................................................................................................... 506

Write Best Performing JavaScript Event Handlers ........................................................................ 510 Use Event Delegation ...................................................................................................................... 511 Remove Event Handlers .................................................................................................................. 513

DOM LEVEL 2 AND 3 – STYLE HANDLING .............................................. 516

DOM Styles Module ........................................................................................................................... 518

Element Styles Accessing ................................................................................................................... 518

DOM Style – Properties and Methods .............................................................................................. 523 cssText Property............................................................................................................................... 523 length Property ................................................................................................................................. 524 parentRule Property ......................................................................................................................... 524 getPropertyCSSValue(propertyName) Method ............................................................................... 524


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getPropertyPriority(propertyName) Method .................................................................................... 524 getPropertyValue(propertyName) Method ...................................................................................... 524 item(index) Method ......................................................................................................................... 524 removeProperty(propertyName) Method ......................................................................................... 524 setProperty(propertyName, value, priority) Method ........................................................................ 524

Compute Styles ................................................................................................................................... 527

External Stylesheet ............................................................................................................................. 530

CSS Rules ............................................................................................................................................ 532

Creating New CSS Rules ................................................................................................................... 534

Creating New CSS Rules ................................................................................................................... 536

Element Dimensions ........................................................................................................................... 537 Offset Dimensions ........................................................................................................................... 537 Client Dimensions ............................................................................................................................ 539 Scroll Dimensions ............................................................................................................................ 542

ERROR HANDLING AND DEBUGGING .................................................... 548

Web Browser Error Reporting ......................................................................................................... 548 Internet Explorer as JavaScript Error Reporter ................................................................................ 548 Firefox as JavaScript Error Reporter................................................................................................ 550 Safari as JavaScript Error Reporter .................................................................................................. 551 Chrome as JavaScript Error Reporter .............................................................................................. 552 Opera as JavaScript Error Reporter.................................................................................................. 552

Error Handling ................................................................................................................................... 554 try – catch Statement ........................................................................................................................ 554 finally Clause ................................................................................................................................... 556 Error Types ...................................................................................................................................... 557 Throwing Errors ............................................................................................................................... 559 Error Event ....................................................................................................................................... 561 Error Handling Strategies................................................................................................................. 563 Fatal Errors and Non-Fatal Errors .................................................................................................... 569 Log the Errors .................................................................................................................................. 569

Debugging Techniques ....................................................................................................................... 570 Logging Messages to Console ......................................................................................................... 571 Throwing Errors ............................................................................................................................... 572

HTML FORM HANDLING ........................................................................... 575

Web Form Basic Fundamental.......................................................................................................... 575 Submitting Forms............................................................................................................................. 578 Resetting Forms ............................................................................................................................... 580 Form Fields ...................................................................................................................................... 581

Scripting Text Boxes .......................................................................................................................... 590 Text Selection .................................................................................................................................. 592 Input Filtering .................................................................................................................................. 596


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Automatic Tab Forwarding .............................................................................................................. 599

Scripting Select Boxes ........................................................................................................................ 600 Option Selection............................................................................................................................... 602 Adding Options ................................................................................................................................ 604 Removing Options ........................................................................................................................... 605 Moving Options ............................................................................................................................... 606 Reordering Options .......................................................................................................................... 606

Form Serialization .............................................................................................................................. 607

JSON – JAVASCRIPT OBJECT NOTATION ............................................. 612

Types of JSON Values ........................................................................................................................ 612 Handling Simple Values via JSON .................................................................................................. 613 Handling Object Values via JSON ................................................................................................... 613 Handling Array Values via JSON .................................................................................................... 614

JSON - Parsing and Serialization ..................................................................................................... 615 The JSON Object ............................................................................................................................. 615 Serialization Options ........................................................................................................................ 616 Parsing Options ................................................................................................................................ 621

AJAX – ASYNCHRONOUS JAVASCRIPT AND XML ............................... 624

XMLHttpRequest Object .................................................................................................................. 625 Using XHR Object ........................................................................................................................... 627 HTTP Headers ................................................................................................................................. 631 GET Requests .................................................................................................................................. 633 POST Requests ................................................................................................................................ 634

XMLHttpRequest Level 2 .................................................................................................................. 636 FormData Type ................................................................................................................................ 637 timeout Property............................................................................................................................... 638 overrideMimeType() Method .......................................................................................................... 639

Progress Events .................................................................................................................................. 639 load Event ........................................................................................................................................ 640 progress Event .................................................................................................................................. 641

JQUERY – JAVASCRIPT LIBRARY FRAMEWORK ................................. 644

Element Styling with jQuery ............................................................................................................. 646

Event Handing with jQuery .............................................................................................................. 651

Core JavaScript with jQuery ............................................................................................................ 653

General Animation with jQuery ....................................................................................................... 656

LAST BUT NOT LEAST. THERE IS MORE… ............................................ 657


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JAvAScript introdUction


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JAVASCRIPT INTRODUCTION

fdlh Hkh izdkj dh Programming Language esa Program ;k Software Develop djrs le; dbZ Basic Steps Follow djus gksrs gSaA ysfdu gesa”kk lcls igys gesa fdlh Text Editor esa viuh Language ls lacaf/kr Codes fy[kdj dksbZ Program Create djuk gksrk gSA bl izdkj ds Codes dks ge ftl File esa fy[krs gSa] ml File dks Source File dgk tkrk gS] D;ksafd Program ls lacaf/kr ewy Codes blh Source File esa gksrs gSa vkSj ;fn gesa gekjs Program esa dksbZ Modification djuk gks] rks ge og Modification blh Source File esa djrs gSaA Source File dsoy ,d Plain Text File gh gksrh gS] ftlesa ge gekjs le>us ;ksX; English Language esa Programming Language ls lacaf/kr Codes fy[krs gSaA ysfdu Computer ,d Electronic Machine ek= gS] tks fgUnh] vaxzsth] Chinese tSlh mu Hkk’kkvksa dks ugha le>rk ftUgsa ge Human Beings Real Life esa le>rs gSa] cfYd og dsoy Binary Language ;k vU; “kCnksa esa dgsa rks Machine Language dks gh le>rk gSA tcfd ijs”kkuh ;s gS fd ge Human Beings Computer dh Machine Language dks vklkuh ls ugha le> ldrsA bl fLFkfr esa ,d ,sls Inter-Mediator dh t:jr gksrh gS] tks gekjh English tSlh Hkk’kk esa fy[ks x, Codes dks Computer ds le>us ;ksX; Machine Language esa Convert dj lds vkSj Computer }kjk gekjs Program ds vk/kkj ij Generate gksus okys Output ;k Result dks gekjs le>us ;ksX; English tSlh Hkk’kk esa Convert dj ldsA bl izdkj ds Inter-mediator dks Computer dh Hkk’kk esa Compiler ;k Interpreter dgrs gSaA Compiler o Interpreter nksuksa gh ,d izdkj ds Software ek= gksrs gSa] ysfdu budk ewy dke gekjs Program ds Codes dks Computer ds le>us ;ksX; e”khuh Hkk’kk esa vkSj e”khuh Hkk’kk esa Generate gksus okys Results dks gekjs le>us ;ksX; English tSlh Hkk’kk esa Convert djuk gksrk gSA bl izdkj ls Programming dh nqfu;ka esa ewy :i ls nks izdkj dh Programming Languages gSa% 1 igys izdkj dh Programming Languages dks Compiler Based Programming

Languages dgrs gSa] ftlds vUrxZr “C”, “C++” tSlh Languages vkrh gSaA bl izdkj dh Languages dh ewy fo”ks’krk ;s gS fd bl izdkj dh Programming Languages esa ge tks Program Create djrs gSa] mUgsa Compile djus ij os Program iwjh rjg ls Machine Codes esa Convert gks tkrs gSa] ftUgsa gekjk Computer Directly Run djrk gSA

Compiler Based Programming Languages dh ewy fo”ks’krk ;s gksrh gS fd tc ge gekjs fdlh Program dks mlds Compiler }kjk Compile dj ysrs gSa] rks ,d ubZ Executable File curh gS] ftlesa dsoy Computer ds le>us ;ksX; Machine Codes gksrs gSa vkSj bl File dks Run djus ds fy, vc gesa gekjh Source File dh t:jr ugha jgrhA

;s Executable File iwjh rjg ls Current Computer Architecture o Operating System ij vk/kkfjr gksrh gSA ;kuh ;fn ge fdlh Program dks ml Computer ij Compile djsa ftl ij Windows Operating System Run gks jgk gks] vkSj Generate gksus okyh Executable File dks ge fdlh nwljs ,sls Computer ij Run djus dh dksf”k”k djsa] ftl ij Linux Operating System gks] rks gekjk Program Linux Operating System ij Run ugha gksxk] D;ksafd Compiler Based Programming Language ds Compiler }kjk Generate gksus okyh File gesa”kk vius Operating System o Computer Architecture ij Depend gksrh gS blfy, iwjh rjg ls Portable ugha gksrhA


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ysfdu pwafd Compiler Based Programming Language esa Program dks Compile djus ij ,d ubZ Executable File cu tkrh gS] tks fd iwjh rjg ls Current Operating System o Computer Architecture ij vk/kkfjr gksrh gS] blfy, bl Executable File dks vc mlds Source File dh t:jr ugha jgrhA

;kuh ,d ckj fdlh Program dks Compile djds mldh Executable File izkIr dj ysus ds ckn vc ;fn ge mldh Source File dks Delete Hkh dj nsa] rc Hkh mldh Executable File ds vk/kkj ij Computer gekjs Program dks Run djsxkA

ysfdu ;fn gesa gekjs Program esa dksbZ Modification djuk gks] rks gesa fQj ls ml Program dh Source File dh t:jr gksxh] ftls geus Compile fd;k Fkk vkSj Modification djus ds ckn gesa fQj ls viuh Source File dks Compile djds ,d ubZ Executable File Create djuh gksxh] rHkh gekjk Computer gekjs Modified Program dks le> ldsxkA

;kuh Compiler Based Programming Languages dks vius Source Program dh t:jr dsoy ,d ckj ml le; gksrh gS] tc Source Program dks Compile djds Executable File Create fd;k tkrk gSA

2 tcfd nwljh izdkj dh Programming Languages dks Interpreter Based

Programming Language dgrs gSa vkSj bl izdkj dh Programming Languages dh eq[; fo”ks’krk ;s gksrh gS fd Interpreter Based Programming Languages dHkh Hkh Machine Depended Executable Files Create ugha djrs] blfy, gesa”kk viuh Source File ij Depend gksrs gSaA

;kuh gkykafd Compiler o Interpreter nksuksa gh gekjs Program dks Machine Codes esa Convert djrs gSa] rkfd gekjk Computer mls le> lds] ysfdu Compiler Based Programming Language vius Computer Architecture o Operating System ij Dependent ,d ubZ Executable File Create djrk gS] blfy, mls viuh Source File dh t:jr ugha jgrhA tcfd Interpreter Based Programming Language fdlh Hkh rjg dh ubZ Executable File Create ugha djrkA ifj.kkeLo:i Interpreter Based Programming Language dks gesa”kk viuh Source File dh t:jr jgrh gS vkSj ;fn ge Source File dks Delete dj nsa] rks gekjk Program Hkh gesa”kk ds fy, [kRe gks tkrk gSA

pwafd Interpreter Based Programming Languages dh dksbZ Executable Create ugha gksrh] blfy, buesa cus gq, Programs dks Run gksus ds fy, gesa”kk fdlh u fdlh Host Environment dh t:jr gksrh gS] ftuesa Interpreter Based Languages ds Programs Run gksrs gSaA

blh otg ls fdlh Hkh Interpreter Based Programming Language esa ;fn fdlh izdkj dk ifjorZu djuk gks] rks mldh Source File dks gh Modify djuk gksrk gS vkSj tc ge ml Modified Source File dks fQj ls Interpret djrs gSa] gesa mldk Modification rqjUr Reflect gks tkrk gS] tcfd Compiler Based Languages esa gesa Source Filed esa Modification djus ds ckn mls fQj ls Compile djuk t:jh gksrk gS] vU;Fkk Modification dk dksbZ Effect gesa Executable Program esa fn[kkbZ ugha nsrkA


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Interpreter o Compiler nksuksa gh izdkj dh Programming Languages dh ,d fo”ks’krk o ,d deh gSA pwafd Compiler Based Programs dh gesa”kk ,d Executable File curh gS] tks fd iwjh rjg ls Current Computer Architecture o Operating System ij Depend gksrh gS] blfy, Compiler Based Programs dh Speed gesa”kk Interpreter Based Programs dh rqyuk esa Fast gksrh gS] D;ksafd Interpreter Based Programs dh rjg bUgsa ckj&ckj Machine Codes esa Convert ugha gksuk iMrkA

ysfdu Interpreter Based Program fdlh Hkh Computer Architecture o Operating System ij fcuk Recompile fd, gq, T;ksa ds R;ksa ckj&ckj Run gks ldrs gSaA ;kuh ;s Portable gksrs gSa D;ksafd ;s gesa”kk vius Host Environment esa Current Computer Architecture o Operating System ds vk/kkj ij ckj&ckj gj ckj Interpret gksrs gSa ;kuh Machine Codes esa Covert gksrs gSa vkSj Program Run gksus ds ckn buds Machine Codes lekIr gks tkrs gSaA

“C”, “C++” tSlh Programming Languages, Compiler Based Programming Languages gSa] tcfd HTML, CSS, XML, JavaScript, ASP vkfn Interpreter Based Markup o Client Side Scripting Languages gSa] tks gesa”kk fdlh Host Environment esa Run gksrs gSaA ;kuh budk vyx ls dksbZ Inter-Mediator Software ugha gksrk cfYd budk Interpreter buds Host Environment ds vUnj gh gksrk gSA

Host Environment og Software gksrk gS] ftuesa fofHkUu Interpreter Based Programming Languages ds Programs Run gksrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, Web Browser og Host Environment gksrk gS] tgka HTML, XML, CSS, JavaScript vkfn ds Programs Run gksrs gSa vkSj gesa budk Output ,d Rendered Web Page ds :i esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA tSlkfd geus igys Hkh dgk fd JavaScript ,d Client Side esa Run gksus okyh Interpreter Based Scripting Language gS vkSj Interpreter Based gksus dh otg ls JavaScript dk vyx ls dksbZ Interpreter Software ugha gksrk] cfYd JavaScript Programs ftl Software esa Run gksrs gSa] mu Software esa gh JavaScript ds Engine dks Build fd;k x;k gksrk gSA lkekU;r% Web Browsers gh JavaScript dk Host Environment gksrs gSa] ysfdu bldk eryc ;s ugha gS fd JavaScript ds Programs dsoy Web Browser esa gh Run gks ldrs gSaA okLro esa lPpkbZ ;s gS fd ftl fdlh Hkh Software esa JavaScript Engine Embedded gksrk gS] gj ml Software esa JavaScript ds Programs Run gks ldrs gSaA blhfy, JavaScript dsoy Web Browser esa gh Use ugha fd;k tkrk cfYd JavaScript Engine dks dbZ vU; Platforms esa Hkh Embed fd;k x;k gS] tgka JavaScript ds Programs Run gks ldrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, Adobe Flash ,d izdkj dk Animation Software gS] tgka Programming Language ds :i esa ActionScript dks Use fd;k tkrk gSA ;s Hkh ,d izdkj dh JavaScript Language gh gSA blh rjg ls Adobe PDF Reader esa Hkh JavaScript Supported gSA orZeku le; esa fofHkUu izdkj ds Web Development IDEs miyC/k gSa] tSlsfd Adobe DreamWeaver, Eclipse, NetBeans vkfn] buesa Hkh JavaScript Engine Embedded gS] blfy, ;s Hkh JavaScript ds Host Environments gSaA


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;kuh ge ftl Software dks Use dj jgs gSa] ;fn mlesa ECMAScript Standard vk/kkfjr dksbZ Hkh Scripting Language Supported gS] rks og ,d izdkj ls JavaScript dk Hkh Host Environment gSA pwafd JavaScript dk lcls T;knk iz;ksx Web Pages o Web Applications dks Interactive (User Interaction Supported) cukus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS] blfy, bl iqLrd esa gekjs fy, Web Browsers gh JavaScript dk Host Environment gSA

History of JavaScript JavaScript dks lcls igys 1995 esa Netscape Navigator ds Developers us vius Web Browser esa Client Side Validation ds fy, Develop fd;k FkkA Netscape rks Market ls iwjh rjg ls tk pqdk gS] ysfdu mldh Develop dh xbZ JavaScript Language vHkh Hkh Market esa gS vkSj vkxs Hkh yEcs le; rd jgus okyh gS D;ksafd vc ;s Language u dsoy Client Side Validation ds fy, mi;ksxh gS] cfYd dbZ txgksa ij bls Server Side Scripting Language ds :i esa Hkh Use fd;k tkrk gSA 1992 ds vklikl Nombas uke dh ,d Company us ftls ckn esa Openware uke dh Company us [kjhn fn;k] ,d Scripting Language Develop djuk “kq: fd;k] ftldk uke C-Minus-Minus j[kk x;k FkkA CMM blfy,] D;ksafd ;s yxHkx iwjh rjg ls C o C++ Language ij vk/kkfjr Fkh] ysfdu vklkuh ls Web Browsers esa Client Side Requirements dks iwjk dj ldrh Fkh vkSj Developers bls vklkuh ls lh[k ldrs FksA dqN le; ckn Nombas us bl Language dk uke CMM ls cnydj ScriptEase j[k fn;kA tc Netscape Navigator Market esa Popular gksus yxk] rks Nombas us blh Language dk ,d u;k Version Develop fd;k tks fd Web Page esa Embed gks ldrk FkkA “kq:vkr esa bl Embedding Process dks Espresso Pages dgk tkrk Fkk vkSj ;gh World Wide Web dk igyk Client Side Scripting Language cukA Internet ij yksxksa dk :>ku c<us dh otg ls Web Page dh Size Hkh c<us yxh ftlls Network dk Traffic Hkh c<us yxk D;ksafd T;knkrj Validation o Interactivity ds dkeksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, ckj&ckj Web Browser dks Web Server ls Request djuh iMrh FkhA blfy, Netscape us eglwl fd;k fd Web Server dk Interaction de djus ds fy, ,d ,slh Scripting Language dh t:jr gS tks Web Browser esa gh T;knkrj Validation ds dkeksa dks iwjk dj nsA bl t:jr dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, Brendan Eich tks fd Netscape Navigator dks Develop dj jgs Fks] us LiveScript uke dh ,d Client Side Scripting Language dks vius Web Browser esa Include fd;kA mlh le; Sun Microsystems viuh Programming Language “Java” dks Develop dj jgk Fkk vkSj yksxksa esa Java cgqr Popular gks jgh Fkh] blfy, Netscape Navigator us Official Release ds ckn LiveScript dk uke cny dj JavaScript dj fn;k] rkfd yksx ;s le>dj bl Language ij Hkh /;ku nsa fd JavaScript, Java ls lacaf/kr gh dksbZ Language gS rkfd JavaScript Hkh Popular gks tk, vkSj gqvk Hkh ,slk ghA


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Netscape o mlds JavaScript dh lQyrk ds lkFk gh Microsoft us Hkh Web Browser Technology esa dne j[kk vkSj viuh Lo;a dh JavaScript tSlh Scripting Language cukbZ ftldk uke JScript j[kk x;kA bl le; rd okLro esa JavaScript, JScript o ScriptEase rhu Client Side Scripting Languages gks xbZ Fkha] tks fd fdlh Hkh rjg ls ,d Unique Standard dks Follow ugha dj jgh FkhaA pwafd bu Client Side Scripting Language dh Popularity cgqr de le; esa cgqr T;knk gks xbZ Fkh] blfy, bl Language dks Hkh Standardized djus dh t:jr eglwl dh xbZ] rkfd Scripting Language Develop djus okyh lHkh Companies mu Standards ds vk/kkj ij gh viuh Scripting Language dks Develop djsa o Web Developers dks vyx&vyx Web Browsers ds fy, vyx&vyx rjg dh Scripting Languages u lh[kuh iMsA blfy, 1997 esa dks European Computer Manufactures Association (ECMA) dks JavaScript 1.1 dks Standardized djus dk ,d Proposal Hkstk x;k vkSj bl Association us Netscape, Sun, Microsoft, Borland o vU; Companies, tks fd Client Side Scripting Language Develop djus esa Interested Fkha] ds lnL;ksa dh ,d Technical Committee xfBr dh rkfd JavaScript dks Cross Platform, Vendor Neutral Scripting Language cukus ds fy, mlds Syntax o Semantics dks Standardize fd;k tk ldsA Qy Lo:i bl Committee us vfUre :i ls ECMAScript-262 uke dk ,d Standard rS;kj fd;k vkSj JavaScript dk uke cnydj ECMAScript gks x;kA ;kuh vkt dh tks JavaScript gS og okLro esa JavaScript ugha cfYd ECMAScript gSA vkxs vkus okys dqN lkyksa esa International Organization for Standardization and International Electotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC) us Hkh ECMAScript dks ,d Standard dh rjg Accept dj fy;k vkSj fQj cuus okys lHkh Web Browsers esa JavaScript ds Implementation ds fy, ECMAScript dks vk/kkj ds :i esa mi;ksx esa fy;k tkus yxkA

JavaScript Implementation pwafd lkekU;r% ECMAScript o JavaScript nksuksa dks ,d gh le>k tkrk gS] tcfd JavaScript, ECMS-262 ls dqN T;knk gSA ,d Complete JavaScript Implementation ds rhu fgLls gksrs gS%

1. The Core (ECMAScript) 2. The Document Object Model (DOM) 3. The Browser Object Model (BOM)


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ECMAScript ECMA-262 esa Define fd;k x;k ECMAScript fdlh Web Browser ls Tied ugha gksrkA okLro esa bl Language esa Input Output ds fy, dksbZ Method ugha gSA ;s Standard dsoy ,d Specification gS tks fofHkUu Companies dks ,d vk/kkj nsrk gS fd mUgsa JavaScript dks fdl izdkj ls Implement djuk pkfg,] rkfd og fofHkUu vU; Web Browsers ds Standard ds le:i jgsA Web Browsers dsoy og Host Environment gksrs gSa] ftlesa ECMAScript Implementation Exist gksrk gSA ,d Host Environment ECMAScript ds Implementation dk vk/kkj gksrk gS vkSj ;s Host gesa”kk dksbZ Web Browser gh gks] ,slk t:jh ugha gSA blhfy, Adobe Company us bl Specification ds vk/kkj ij viuh Scripting Language Develop dh gS ftldk uke ActionScript gS vkSj bl Scripting Language ds Codes dk iz;ksx djds gh Adobe Flash esa Cross-Browser Animation Create fd;k tkrk gSA ;kuh ActionScript Scripting Language dk Hkh vk/kkj ECMAScript gh gSA blhfy, ;fn vki bl iqLrd dks vPNh rjg ls le>rs gSa rks vki cMh gh vklkuh ls ActionScript Programming dks Hkh lh[k ldrs gSa vkSj Adobe Flash esa ,sls Applications Create dj ldrs gSa ftuesa Animation dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ECMAScript ds Implementation ds lkFk gh fofHkUu Web Browsers vius Lo;a ds Hkh dqN Extensions Develop djrs gSa] rkfd Web Browsers dks Users T;knk csgrj rjhds ls Web Browsing ds fy, Use dj ldsaA DOM ;kuh Document Object Model Hkh ,d Extension gh gksrk gS tks vius Core ds :i esa ECMAScript ds Type o Syntax dks Use djrk gS rFkk Host Environment, tks fd Web Browser Hkh gks ldrk gS vkSj dksbZ vU; Software Hkh] Additional Functionality Provide djrk gSA lkekU;r% vU; Host Environments ds :i esa ScriptEase o Adobe Flash dks le>k tk ldrk gSA ECMA-262 okLro esa fdlh Web Browser dks Reference ugha djrk cfYd bldk Specification fdlh Hkh Scripting Language ds fuEu Parts dks Describe djrk gS] ftls ge Core JavaScript Hkh dg ldrs gSa%

1 Syntax 2 Types


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3 Statements 4 Keywords 5 Reserved Words 6 Operators 7 Objects

ECMAScript dsoy fdlh Language ds Implementation dk Description ek= gS] blfy, JavaScript okLro esa ECMAScript dks Implement djrk gS] ECMAScript Lo;a dksbZ Programming Language ugha gS cfYd blds vk/kkj ij vU; Scripting Language Develop dh xbZ gSa] ftuesa ls dqN Most Poplar Implementations fuEukuqlkj gSa%

orZeku le; esa ECMAScript dk 5th Version vk pqdk gS] ysfdu bls iwjh rjg ls fofHkUu Web Browsers esa Implement ugha fd;k x;k gSA orZeku le; esa Internet Explorer, FireFox, Safari, Chrome o Opera tks fd lcls T;knk Use fd, tkus okys Web Browsers gSa] us ECMAScript3.1 Specification dks iwjh rjg ls Implement fd;k gSA

Document Object Model(DOM) DOM ,d Application Programming Interface (API) gS] ftls XML ds fy, Define fd;k x;k Fkk rkfd HTML Documents dks Extend fd;k tk ldsA DOM fdlh Hkh Document dks Memory esa Nodes dh ,d Hierarchy ds :i esa Model djrk gSA HTML ;k XML Document dk gj Element ;k Tag, Attribute o Text vkfn DOM ds Nodes dks Represent djrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, fuEu HTML Code nsf[k,% <html> <head> <title>Sample page</title> </head> <body> <p>Hello World! </p> </body> </html> tc ;s HTML Code Web Browser dh Memory esa Load gksrk gS] rc fuEukuqlkj Form esa fofHkUu HTML Elements dh ,d Hierarchy cu tkrh gS%


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fdlh Document ds fofHkUu Elements ds Memory esa bl rjg ls Model gksus dh O;oLFkk dks gh DOM ;k Document Object Model dgk tkrk gS] ftlesa Document ds fofHkUu Elements DOM ds ,d Node dks Represent djrs gSa vkSj gj Node ,d Object dh rjg O;ogkj djrk gS] ftldh Lo;a dh dqN Properties o Behaviors gksrs gSaA Document ds fofHkUu Contents dh ,d Tree cukdj DOM, fdlh Web Developmer dks vius Document ij iwjh rjg ls Control djus dh lqfo/kk iznku djrk gS D;ksafd JavaScript tSlh fdlh Scripting Language dk iz;ksx djds Web Developer vius Document ds fdlh Node dks Remove dj ldrk gS] DOM esa u;k Node Add dj ldrk gS] fdlh vokafNr Node dks Replace dj ldrk gS vFkok DOM API dk iz;ksx djrs gq, fdlh Node dks Modify dj ldrk gSA pwafd Web Browser esa Document Render gksus ls igys ml Document dk DOM Tree Create gksrk gS] tks fd ml Document dk In-Memory Model gksrk gS vkSj Web Browser ds Window esa ogh fn[kkbZ nsrk gS] tks DOM Tree esa gksrk gS] blfy, DOM esa fd, tkus okys ifjorZuksa dk Effect rqjUr Web Browser esa Reflect gksrk gSA blfy, DOM Tree fdlh Hkh Client Side Scripting Language ds fy, ,d eq[; Source gksrk gS] ftl ij og Scripting Language fofHkUu izdkj ds Operations Perform djds Document dks T;knk Interactive cukus esa l{ke gks ikrk gSA pwafd DOM dks fofHkUu Companies us vius&vius Web Browsers esa viuh lqfo/kkuqlkj vyx&vyx rjhdksa ls Develop fd;k Fkk] blfy, Web dks Cross Platform ;kuh Platform Independent cuk, j[kus ds fy, o lHkh Web Browsers esa fdlh Document dks ,d tSlk fn[kkus ds fy, fQj ls ,d Standard rjhds dh t:jr dks eglwl fd;k x;kA QyLo:i ,d u;k Organization vfLrRo esa vk;k ftldk uke World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) FkkA ;s Organization fofHkUu izdkj ds Web Related Standards Develop djus dk dke djrk gSA bl Organization esa fofHkUu cMh dEifu;ksa tSls fd Microsoft, Google, Yahoo, AOL vkfn ds Members Participate djrs gSa vkSj Web fdl fn”kk esa vkxs c<sxk bl ckr dk fu.kZ; ysdj Standards Create djrs gSaA DOM ds vkt rd esa dqy rhu Levels W3C }kjk Define fd, x, gSaA DOM Level 1 lcls igys October 1998 esa Recommend fd;k x;k FkkA bl DOM ds nks fgLls DOM Core o DOM HTML FksA


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DOM Core fdlh XML Based Document dks Structure djus dh lqfo/kk iznku djrk gS rkfd Developers fdlh XML Document ds fofHkUu fgLlksa dks vklkuh ls Access dj ldsa rFkk DOM HTML okLro esa DOM Core dk gh ,d Extension gS] ftlesa HTML ds lkFk dqN Specific Objects o Methods dks Add djds HTML dks Extend fd;k x;k gSA DOM JavaScript ugha gS vkSj ECMAScript dh rjg gh bls Hkh dbZ vU; Programming Languages esa Implement fd;k x;k gSA gkykafd Web Browsers esa DOM dks ECMAScript dk iz;ksx djds Implement fd;k x;k gS vkSj vc ;s DOM JavaScript Language dk ,d lcls cMk o lcls egRoiw.kZ fgLlk gSA DOM Hkh ECMAScript dh rjg gh dsoy ,d Specification gSA ftl rjg ls ECMAScript ds vk/kkj ij fofHkUu izdkj dh Scripting Languages dks Develop fd;k x;k gS] mlh rjg ls DOM ds vk/kkj ij fofHkUu izdkj dh Programming Languages esa fdlh Document dks Access o Manipulate djus ds rjhdksa dks Develop fd;k tkrk gS rkfd ,d Programming Language esa Develop fd;k x;k Document fdlh nwljh Programming Language esa Hkh vklkuh ls mi;ksx esa fy;k tk ldsA gkykafd DOM Level 1 dk ewy mn~ns”; fdlh Document dks Structure djuk Fkk] rkfd Developers JavaScript tSlh Client Side Scripting Language }kjk Document ds fofHkUu fgLlksa dks vklkuh ls Access o Manipulate dj ldsa tcfd DOM Level 2 dks Develop djus dk ewy mn~ns”; DOM ds lkFk Mouse o User Interface Events, Ranges, Traversals, rFkk Cascading Style Sheets dks Support djokuk Fkk] rkfd Document dks u dsoy csgrj rjhds ls Structure fd;k tk lds cfYd mls vklkuh ls Style Hkh fd;k tk ldsA lkFk gh mls Interactive Hkh cuk;k tk ldsA blfy, DOM Level 1 ds Core dks XML Namespaces dks Support djus ds fy, Extend fd;k x;kA DOM Level 2 esa fuEu u, Modules dks Extend fd;k x;k Fkk% 1 DOM Views 2 DOM Events 3 DOM Styles 4 DOM Traversal and Range Document dh Styling djus ls igys o Styling djus ds ckn ,d gh Document ds dbZ Views gks tkrs gSaA bu Views dks Handle djus ds fy, DOM Views dk Concept Describe fd;k x;kA Document dks User ds fy, T;knk Interactive cukus ds fy, fofHkUu izdkj ds Events o Event Handlers dks DOM Events ds :i esa Describe fd;k x;kA Document dh Styling dks Control djus o Document ds Structure ls vyx j[kus ds fy, DOM Styles dks Describe fd;k x;k rkfd Document dh Styling dks Control, Manage o Handle djuk vklku gks ldsA DOM Traversal and Range dks Describe djds DOM dks Access, Manipulate o Traverse djus ds fy, u, Descriptions dks Define fd;k x;kA orZeku le; esa DOM Level 3 dks Describe fd;k tk jgk gS] ftlesa ,sls Methods dks Support fd;k tk jgk gS rkfd Web Browser ;k Host Environment ds Document dks


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Local Device ij Save fd;k tk lds o Local Device ls Host Environment esa Load fd;k tk ldsA ,d rjg ls ns[kk tk,] rks vc Web Technology iwjh rjg ls Desktop Technology ds led{k vkus okyh gSA D;ksafd DOM Level 2 rd fdlh Hkh Document dks Local Device esa Save ugha fd;k tk ldrk Fkk] blhfy, dksbZ Hkh User dsoy ogh Document ns[k ldrk Fkk] ;k oSls gh fdlh Document dks Access dj ldrk Fkk] tSlk Developer us mls vf/kd`r fd;k FkkA ysfdu DOM Level 3 ds iw.kZ Implementation ds ckn ;s ckr iwjh rjg ls cny tk,xhA D;ksafd ml fLFkfr esa User viuh bPNkuqlkj fdlh Document dks Modify dj ldsxk vkSj vius Personal Device ij Save dj ldsxkA ftlls ,d gh Document dks vyx&vyx Users viuh bPNkuqlkj vyx&vyx rjhds ls Access o Manipulate dj ldsaxsA DOM Level 3 dk Implementation /khjs&/khjs gksus yxk gS vkSj HTML5 DOM Level 3 o CSS3 dk gh ,d Implementation gS] tks fd /khjs&/khjs fofHkUu Web Browsers esa Support fd;k tkus yxk gSA bu ewy DOMs ds vykok dqN vU; DOMs Hkh gSa] ftUgsa vyx izdkj dh t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, Define fd;k x;k gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, SVG 1.0 o MathML 1.0 dk viuk DOM gSA SVG Host Environment esa Graphics Develop djus ls lacaf/kr Standards dks Handle djrk gS] tcfd MathML Mathematics ls lacaf/kr Functions, Formulas vkfn dks Handle djrk gSA blh rjg ls SMIL ds fy, Document esa Multimedia Integration ls lacaf/kr DOM dks Specify fd;k x;k gSA buds vykok vU; Languages us viuh t:jr ds vuqlkj viuk Lo;a dk DOM Develop fd;k gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, Mozilla us XML dk iz;ksx djds XUL (XML User Interface Language) fodflr fd;k gS] ftldk iz;ksx Mozilla o Firefox Web Browsers ds Front End dks Develop djus ds fy, fd;k x;k gSA ysfdu bl Language o ,slh gh dbZ vkSj Languages dks W3C us Standard ds :i esa Accept ugha fd;k gS] ftUgsa vyx&vyx Companies us XML ds vk/kkj ij viuh Specific t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, Develop fd;k gSA

Browser Object Model (BOM) Web Browsers ds “kq:vkrh fnuksa esa Standards cuus ls igys fofHkUu Web Browsers cukus okyh Companies us vius&vius Web Browsers esa ,d Specific rjg dk Browser Object Model cuk;k Fkk] tks Web Browser dks Access o Manipulate djus dh lqfo/kk nsrk FkkA BOM dk iz;ksx djds Web Developers vius Web Page ls vius Web Browser dks Access djus dh {kerk izkIr djrs FksA pwafd fofHkUu Web Browser cukus okyh Companies vius Web Browsers dks viuh bPNkuqlkj cukrh gSa] blfy, ;gh ,d ,slk fgLlk gS tgka fofHkUu Companies ds Web Browsers esa JavaScript Implementation dk dksbZ Standard ugha gSA izkFkfed :i ls BOM Web Browser Window o Frames ds lkFk Deal djrk gS ysfdu lkekU;r% Browser Specific Extensions dks JavaScript esa Develop fd;k tkrk gS tks fd


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BOM ds ,d fgLls dh rjg dke djrk gSA dqN Extensions fuEukuqlkj gSa] tks yxHkx lHkh Web Browsers esa Common gSa gkykafd mudks vyx&vyx rjhds ls Implement fd;k x;k gS% 1 u;k Window Popup djus dh Capability 2 Web Browser Window dks Move, Resize ;k Close djus dh Capability 3 navigator Object tks fd Web Browser ls lacaf/kr Detailed tkudkjh nsrk gSA 4 location Object tks fd Web Browser esa Loaded Web Page dh Detained tkudkjh

nsrk gSA 5 screen Object gks fd User ds Computer ds Screen Resolution dh Detailed

tkudkjh nsrk gSA 6 Cookies dk Support Hkh ,d Extension ds :i esa Web Browser ds BOM dk fgLlk

gksrk gSA 7 XMLHttpRequest rFkk Internet Explorer dk ActiveXObject Hkh Web Browser ds

BOM dh Capabilities dk gh ,d fgLlk gSA pwafd BOM ds fy, dksbZ Standard ugha gS] blfy, lHkh Web Browsers esa BOM dk Implementation iwjh rjg ls Web Browser cukus okyh Company dh uhfr;ksa ij vk/kkfjr gksrk gSA fQj Hkh lHkh Web Browsers esa window o navigator Object t:j gksrk gS ysfdu bu Objects dh Properties o Methods dks vyx&vyx Web Browsers viuh bPNkuqlkj r; djrs gSaA vyx&vyx Standards ds lkFk JavaScript ds Hkh dbZ Versions fofHkUu Web Browsers esa Implement fd, x, gSaA orZeku le; esa yxHkx lHkh Web Browsers JavaScript 2.0 Version dks Support dj jgs gSaA JavaScript ds Version c<us ds lkFk mlds Features tSls fd Keywords, Syntaxes, Features vkfn Hkh Change gksrs gSaA JavaScript 2.0 okLro esa ECMAScript 3.1 Proposal dk gh Implementation gSA pwafd ECMAScript dk 5th Version Hkh vk pqdk gS] rks tkfgj lh ckr gS fd tSls&tSls Web Browsers, ECMAScript ds bl 5th Version dks Support djus yxsaxs] JavaScript dk ,d vkSj u;k Version Hkh vk,xkA

Web Browsers pwafd JavaScript, okLro esa BOM (Browser Object Model), Core ECMAScript o DOM (Document Object Model) rhuksa dk Combination gS] blfy, JavaScript dks le>us ds fy, gesa bu rhuksa dks Best rjhds ls le>uk gksxk vkSj tSlkfd geus igys Hkh dgk gS fd bl iqLrd esa Web Browser gh gekjk Host Environment gS] blfy, Web Browser dks vPNh rjg ls le>s fcuk ge JavaScript dks mldh iwjh rkdr ds lkFk mi;ksx esa ugha ys ldrsA Web Browser ,d ,slk ek/;e gksrk gS tks fdlh Web Application ;k Web Document dks Download djrk gS] Render djrk gS o Execute djrk gSA Web Browsers nks rjg ds gksrs gSaA igys izdkj ds Web Browsers dsoy Text Browser gksrs gSa tks dsoy Text Content dks gh Render djrs gSaA lynx ,d ,slk gh Web Browser gS tks fd http://lynx.isc.org/ Website ij Free Available gSA


http://lynx.isc.org/

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tcfd nwljs izdkj ds Web Browsers Text ds vykok fofHkUu izdkj ds Multimedia tSls fd Sound, Audio, Video, Images, Animations vkfn dks Hkh Render djus esa l{ke gksrs gSaA Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safri, Internet Explorer, Opera vkfn lcls T;knk Use gksus okys bl Group ds Modern Web Browsers ds Examples gSaA

Engines pwafd ,d Web Browser fofHkUu izdkj ds Resources tSlsfd HTML Document, CSS Stylesheets, Multimedia Plugins, vkfn dks vkil esa O;ofLFkr rjhds ls Organize djds User ds lkeus Present djrk gS] blfy, bu fofHkUu izdkj ds Resources dks Process djus ds fy, ,d Web Browser esa fofHkUu izdkj ds Resource Processors gksrs gSa] ftUgsa Engines dgk tkrk gSA ;s Engines gh fdlh CSS Style dks fdlh HTML Element ij Apply djrs gSa vFkok fdlh Element ij Click djus ij Trigger gksus okys Event dks Response djrs gSaA ;kuh ;s Engines gh Internally fofHkUu izdkj ds HTML, CSS, JavaScript, XML vkfn Codes dks Process djrs gSa vkSj gekjs lkeus ,d Well Organized Web Page Render djrs gSaA Engines dh dk;Ziz.kkyh dks ge ,d Car ds mnkgj.k }kjk csgrj rjhds ls le> ldrs gSaA ftl izdkj ls fdlh Car dh Body mldk ckgjh <kapk ek= gksrk gS vkSj ml Car dh Body ds Good Looking gksus dk eryc ;s ugha gksrk fd og Car okLro esa Efficient o Powerful gS cfYd ml Car esa tks Engine gksrk gS] og Engine gh ml Car dh Efficiency o Power r; djrk gSA Bhd blh izdkj ls dksbZ Web Browser fdruk vPNk fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS vFkok Web Browser dk User Interface fdruk vPNk gS] bl ckr ls ge Web Browser dh Inner Working o Power dk irk ugha yxk ldrs] cfYd Web Browser dh Efficiency o Power iwjh rjg ls mlesa Use fd, x, Engines ij fuHkZj djrh gS] tks fd fdlh Hkh Web Page ds fofHkUu Resources (HTML, XML, CSS, JavaScript Codes) dks Process djds Render djus dk dke djrs gSaA fdlh Web Page dk iwjh rjg ls Process gksdj Web Browser esa iwjh rjg ls Load gksus dh izfØ;k dks Web Page dk Render gksuk dgrs gSaA fdlh Hkh Web Browser esa ewy :i ls gesa”kk nks izdkj ds Engines gksrs gSa%

1 Rendering Engine - bls lkekU;r% Layout Engine Hkh dgrs gSa tks fd HTML o CSS Codes dks Process djds ,d Page dks Screen ij O;ofLFkr rjhds ls Organize djds Visible ;k Show djrk gSA

2 JavaScript Engine - ;s Engine, JavaScript Codes dks le>dj Process o Execute djrk gS] ftldk Effect Web Page o Web Browser ds Chrome ij Reflect djrk gSA

Web Browser dk og fgLlk ftlls User Interact djrk gS] Web Browser dk Chrome dgykrk gSA fdlh Web Browser dk Menubar, Bookmark Toolbar, Web Browser dk Frame, Web Browser dk Title Bar, Standard Toolbar vkfn Web Browser ds Chrome dk fgLlk gksrs gSaA


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Web Browsers ds ;s Engines, User Inter ls iwjh rjg ls vyx gksrs gSaA ;kuh dksbZ Hkh User Interface Element tSlsfd Menubar, Standard Toolbar ;k Navigation Bar bu Engines ls Directly Connected ugha gksrkA fofHkUu izdkj ds Rendering o JavaScript Engines dks vyx&vyx izdkj dh Companies, Organizations ;k Individuals us Develop fd;k gS vkSj mUgksaus gh ;s r; fd;k gS fd dksbZ Web Page muds Web Browser esa fdl izdkj dk fn[kkbZ nsxkA blfy, ;fn ge ,d gh Web Page tSls fd http://www.google.com ds Home Page dks vyx&vyx Web Browsers esa Open djsa] rks leku Home Page Hkh vyx&vyx Web Browsers esa Exactly leku fn[kkbZ ugha nsrkA pwafd Web Browsers ds Engines, Web Browser ds User Interface ls iwjh rjg ls vyx jgrs gSa blfy, Technically ,slk lEHko gS fd ,d gh Rendering ;k JavaScript Engine dks Use djrs gq, nks fcYdqy vyx Web Browsers ;k Software (Host Environment) Create fd, tk ldrs gSa] tks fd ,d nwljs ls fcYdqy fHkUu fn[kkbZ nsrs gksa tcfd fofHkUu Web Browsers ds User Interface dks ge JavaScript Engines ds Container dh rjg le> ldrs gSaA ;kuh JavaScript Engine fdlh Web Browser esa Bhd mlh rjg ls Exist gksrk gS] ftl rjg ls fdlh Car esa mldk Engine Exist gksrk gS vkSj Web Browser dk User Interface ml JavaScript Engine ds Skin ;k Body dh rjg gksrk gS vkSj ftl rjg ls leku izdkj dk Engine Use djrs gq, vyx&vyx izdkj dh Body dh Car cukbZ tk ldrh gS] mlh rjg ls leku izdkj dk JavaScript o Rendering Engine Use djrs gq,] vyx&vyx izdkj ds Web Browser User Interface cuk, tk ldrs gSaA orZeku le; esa cgqr T;knk mi;ksx esa fy, tkus okys fofHkUu Web Browsers ds Rendering Engines dks ge fuEu lkj.kh vuqlkj le> ldrs gSa% Rendering Engine Web Browser Trident Microsoft Internet Explorer Gecko Mozilla Firefox Presto Opera browser WebKit Apple Safari (including iPhone),

Google Chrome, Nokia (for mobile devices)

blh rjg ls orZeku le; esa cgqr T;knk mi;ksx esa fy, tkus okys fofHkUu Web Browsers ds JavaScript Engines dks ge fuEu lkj.kh vuqlkj le> ldrs gSa% JavaScript Engine Web Browser Jscript Microsoft Internet Explorer SpiderMonkey Mozilla Firefox (up to and including version 3.5) TraceMonkey Mozilla Firefox (version 3.6) JavaScriptCore Apple Safari (up to and including version 3.2) Nitro Apple Safari (version 4) V8 Google Chrome Futhark Opera


http://www.google.com/

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tSlkfd mijksDr lkj.kh }kjk ge le> ldrs gSa fd ,d gh Web Browser esa ge Rendering Engine o JavaScript Engines ds vyx&vyx Combinations dks Use dj ldrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, Mozilla Firefox us vius Firefox 3.5 Version rd SpiderMonkey uke ds JavaScript Engine dks Use fd;k gS tcfd ckn ds Versions esa TraceMonkey uke ds Version dks Use djuk “kq: dj fn;k gSA fofHkUu JavaScript Engine Develop djus okys Developers dk ewy mÌs”; ;gh gS fd mudk Engine T;knk ls T;knk rst xfr ls JavaScript Codes dks Process djs] rkfd Web Browsers Based Web Applications, tks fd JavaScript ij fuHkZj gksa] mlh Speed ls Run gks ldsa] ftl Speed ls Compiler Based Executables Run gksrs gSaA blfy, dbZ ek;uksa esa Web Browser ,d izdkj ls u;k Operating System curs tk jgs gSaA blls igys fd ge vkxs c<sa] Web Browser dh dk;Ziz.kkyh dks Hkh FkksMk csgrj rjhds ls le>uk mi;ksxh jgsxk] D;ksafd Web Browser ds Request o Response Message ls lacaf/kr dbZ izdkj ds Web Browser Related Objects gksrs gSa] ftUgsa JavaScript }kjk Access o Manipulate djus dh t:jr iMrh gSA

Web Page – Request and Response HTTP og Protocol ;k Software Piece gS] tks Web Browser ds Addressbar esa Specify fd, tkus okys Web Address ds Resource dks Web Browser esa Load djus dk dke djrk gSA ;kuh Web Server o Web Browser ds chp tks Data Transfer gksrk gS] mls Handle djus dk dke HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) djrk gSA bl Protocol ds vUrxZr Web Browser ,d Client gksrk gS] tks fdlh Web Resource ds fy, Request djrk gS tcfd Web Host og Server gksrk gS] tks Web Browser ls vkus okyh Request dks iwjk djrs gq, mls mldk Required Web Resource Available djokrk gSA Web ij miyC/k fdlh Hkh File (HTML, XML, CSS, JavaScript, Image, Sound, Video etc…) dks Web Resource dgk tkrk gSA tc Web Browser ds Address Bar esa dksbZ URL (Uniform Resource Locator) tSls fd http://www.bccfalna.com Specify fd;k tkrk gS ;k fdlh Web Page ij Specified fdlh Hyperlink dks Click fd;k tkrk gS] rks Web Browser ,d Request Message Create djds mls Web Server ij Hkst nsrk gSA ftlds cnys esa Web Server ml Resource dks Web ij Search djrk gS vkSj ,d Response Message ds lkFk og Resource Web Browser dks Available djokrk gSA bl izdkj ls Client o Server ds chp HTTP ds ek/;e ls Resources dk Transfer gksrk jgrk gSA

HTTP Request Message tc Web Browser fdlh URL ds fy, dksbZ Request djrk gS] rks Request ds :i esa ,d Plain Text HTTP Request Message Create gksrk gS] ftls Web Server ij Send fd;k tkrk gSA bl Request Message esa ml Resource dh Information gksrh gS] ftls Web Server ls izkIr djds Current Web Browser esa Load fd;k tkuk gksrk gSA



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mnkgj.k ds fy, ;fn ge Web Browser ds Address Bar esa http://wwww.google.com Type djds Enter Key Press djrs gSa] rks Web Browser fuEukuqlkj HTTP Request Message Create djrk gS% GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: www.google.com User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64; rv:19.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/19.0 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml; Accept-Language: en-gb,en; Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8; Keep-Alive: 300 Connection: keep-alive Cookie: PREF=ID=980395a10a8f6655:U=c31bdc3844339937:… bl Request esa gj Line dk Code ,d izdkj dk Header Message gS vkSj gj Line Web Server dks Request fd, x, Resource ls lacaf/kr fofHkUu izdkj dh t:jh tkudkfj;ka nsrk gSA pfy,] bl Request Message dks FkksMk le>us dh dksf”k”k djrs gSaA bl Header ;k Request Message esa lcls igys og Action ;k Method Define gksrk gS] ftldk iz;ksx djrs gq, Request Message dks Web Server ij Send fd;k tkuk gSA HTTP esa ge ewy :i ls 8 izdkj ds Actions ;k Methods dks mi;ksx esa ysrs gq, Web Server ls fdlh Resource dh Request dj ldrs gSaA ysfdu lkekU;r% tc ge Web Browser }kjk fdlh Resource dh Request djrs gSa] rc og Request GET ;k POST Method }kjk dh tkrh gSA fQj Hkh fofHkUu izdkj ds Request Methods dh Details fuEukuqlkj gSa%

GET Method fdlh Hkh Webpage ds gesa”kk nks fgLls gksrs gSa] ftUgsa Head Part o Body Part ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA Head Part esa gesa”kk Meta Information gksrs gSa] tks fd Basically Search Engines o Web Browser ds Chrome ls lacaf/kr gksrs gSa] tcfd Body Part esa Web Page ds Actual Contents gksrs gSaA bl Method dks Use djus ij Specified URL ij fLFkr Page ds Content dk HTML Format Body Return gksrk gSA

POST Method bl Method dk iz;ksx lkekU;r% HTML Form esa fd;k tkrk gS] ftlesa fdlh Data dks fQj ls Process gksus ds fy, Web Server ij Hkstuk gksrk gSA

HEAD Method ;s Method GET Method ds leku gh dke djrk gSA nksuksa esa ewy vUrj dsoy bruk gS fd GET Method Use djus ij Requested HTML Page dh Body Hkh Return gksrh gS] tcfd


http://wwww.google.com/

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HEAD Method Use djus ij Requested HTML Page dk dsoy Head Part gh Return gksrk gS] ftlesa Web Browser ls lacaf/kr Metadata Information gksrh gSA bl Method dk iz;ksx ge rc djrs gSa] tc gesa dsoy Response ds lkFk vkus okys Metadata dks gh izkIr djuk gksrk gS vFkok bl ckr dk irk yxkuk gksrk gS fd Specified URL Actually Exist gS ;k ughaA

PUT Method bl Method dks Use djds ge fdlh Web Server ij fLFkr fdlh Resource dks Update dj ldrs gSaA ;s lkekU;r% POST Method ds leku dke djrk gS] ysfdu ;s dsoy mlh fLFkfr esa Server ds fdlh Resource dks Modify dj ldrk gS] tcfd Server bl ckr dh Permission nsrk gksA

DELETE Method bl Method dks Use djds ge fdlh Web Server ij fLFkr fdlh Resource dks Delete dj ldrs gSa] ysfdu ;s dsoy mlh fLFkfr esa Server ds fdlh Resource dks Delete dj ldrk gS] tcfd Server bl ckr dh Permission nsrk gksA

TRACE Method ;s Method, Web Server ij Sender }kjk vkus okyh Request dks fQj ls mlh Sender dks Hkst nsrk gSA bl Method dk iz;ksx djds ge bl ckr dk irk yxk ldrs gSa fd Request ds nkSjku dkSu&dkSu ls Servers, Services vkfn Client o Server ds chp cuus okys Connection ds Chain esa Involve gks jgs gSaA

OPTIONS Method bl Method dks Use djds ge fdlh Particular URL ij Available fofHkUu Actions ;k Methods dk irk yxk ldrs gSa] ftls og URL Support djrk gSA ;fn ge URL dks ,d Wildcard Character ( * ) dh rjg Specify djrs gSa] rks Web Server gesa ml Resource ij Perform gks ldus okys lHkh Actions (Methods) dh List Response ds :i esa Return djrk gSA vc ;fn ge gekjs mijksDr mnkgj.k ds Request Message dh igyh Line dks ns[ksa] tks fd fuEukuqlkj gS% GET / HTTP/1.1 rks ge le> ldrs gSa fd ;s Line Web Server dks bl ckr dh Information nsxk fd Web Browser dks Request fd, tkus okys Page dk HTML Markup ;kuh Body Part pkfg,A tcfd Line esa fn[kkbZ nsus okyk “/” Character bl ckr dks Specify dj jgk gS fd Web Browser dks Specified Domain ds Root Page ;k Home Page dh t:jr gS vkSj bl t:jr dks HTTP/1.1 ;kuh HTTP Protocol ds 1.1 Version ds Rules dks Use djrs gq, iwjk djuk gSA


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Host: www.google.com Request Message dh ;s Line Web Server dks crkrk gS fd Web Browser ftl Host ls Resource ;k Home Page dh Request dj jgk gS] og Host www.google.com gSA User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64; rv:19.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/19.0 Request Message dh ;s Line ml Web Browser dh Information ns jgk gS] ftlls Request Perform dh xbZ gSA lkekU;r% User-Agent Header esa Current Web Browser dh Information gksrh gSA ;s Header Line bl ckr dks Specify dj jgk gS fd Perform gksus okyh Request Mozilla/5.0 Web Browser ls Perform dh xbZ gS] tks fd Windows NT 6.2 Operating System ;kuh Windows-8 ij Installed gS] tcfd WOW64 bl ckr dks Specify dj jgk gS fd Installed Windows Operating System 64bit dk gSA Web Browser ds Operating System dh Information ds ckn Gecko/20100101 bl ckr dks Specify dj jgk gS fd Current Web Browser Gecko Based Web Browser gS] ftldk uke Firefox gS vkSj Version 19.0 gSA Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml; Request Message dh ;s Header Line bl ckr dks Specify dj jgk gS fd Current Web Browser fdl&fdl izdkj ds Document dks Support djrk gSA ;kuh Current Web Browser fdu File Types ;k MIME Types (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) dks gekjs le>us ;ksX; Format esa Convert djds Render dj ldrk gSA mijksDr Header bl ckr dks Specify dj jgk gS fd Current Web Browser HTML, XHTML o XML Types ds Documents dks bl rjg ls Render djus esa l{ke gS] ftl rjg ls og gesa ;kuh Human Beings dks le> esa vkrk gSA Accept-Language: en-gb,en; ;s Header Line Web Server dks bl ckr dh tkudkjh nsrk gS fd Current Web Browser fdl Locale o Languages ds fy, Currently Configured gSA ;s Line bl ckr dks Specify dj jgk gS fd Current Web Browser English Language o UK Locale ds fy, Configured gS D;ksafd “gb” UK Locale dks Represent djrk gSA tcfd Backup ds fy, dsoy “en” Specified gS] tks fd bl ckr dh Information gS fd fcuk fdlh Geographical Locale dh fLFkfr esa Default :i ls ;s Web Browser English Language dks Support djrk gSA Web Server bl Information dks ml fLFkfr esa Ignore dj nsrk gS] tc Web Browser }kjk Requested Page dsoy ,d gh Language Version esa Available gksA


http://www.google.com/

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Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate ;s Header Web Server dks bl ckr dh tkudkjh ns jgk gS fd Current Web Browser fdl izdkj ds Encoding ds Content dks Accept dj jgk gSA ;fn Web Browser }kjk Specified Encoding Type dks Web Server Support u djrk gks] rks Web Server Lo;a Standard Encoding Use dj ysrk gSA ysfdu ;fn Web Server, Web Browser Accepted Encoding dks le>rk gS] rks og Response Content dks mlh Format esa Compress djds Send djrk gS] rkfd Response Content dh Size de gks tk, o Content T;knk rsth ls Web Server rd igqap ldsA mijksDr Header esa gzip o deflate Compression Format dks Current Web Browser Support djrk gSA ftldk eryc ;s gS fd ;fn Web Server bu Compression Formats dks Support djrk gS] rks og Requested Resource ;kuh HTML, CSS, JavaScript vkfn Files dks buesa ls fdlh Format esa Compress djds Web Browser dks Send dj ldrk gS] ftlls Documents ds Web Browser esa Download gksus dh Speed dkQh rst gks tkrh gSA Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8; ;s Header Message Web Server dks bl ckr dh tkudkjh nsrk gS fd Current Web Browser ISO-8859-1 o utf-8 Character Sets dh Encoding dks Accept djrk gS] ftuesa yxHkx nqfu;ka fd fdlh Hkh Hkk’kk ds v{kjksa o Symbols ds fy, Specific Code lekfgr gSaA ;kuh Web Browser nqfu;ka dh fdlh Hkh Hkk’kk ds v{kjksa o Symbols dks Web Browser esa Render djus esa l{ke gSA Keep-Alive: 300 ;s Header Message Web Server dks bl ckr dh tkudkjh nsrk gS fd Web Browser o Web Server ds chp Data Transfer ds fy, tks Connection cusxk] og Connection 300 Seconds ;kuh 5 Minutes rd Available jgsxkA ifj.kkeLo:i ;fn 300 Seconds dh vof/k esa Current Web Browser ls fQj ls mlh Web Server ij dksbZ Request Send dh tkrh gS] rks Web Server ij fQj ls u;k Connection Open djus dh t:jr ugha jgsxhA ysfdu ;fn Request 300 Seconds ds ckn dh tkrh gS] rks Client o Server ds chp dk Connection Lost gks tk,xk vkSj Web Browser o Server ds chp fQj ls ,d u;k Connection Open gksxkA Connection: keep-alive ;s Connection Header Information bl ckr dks Specify djrk gS fd Client o Server ds chp fdl izdkj dk Connection cusxkA lkekU;r% HTTP/1.1 Protocol ds lkFk keep-alive lcls Common :i ls Use gksus okyk Connection Type gksrk gSA Cookie: PREF=ID=980395a10a8f6655:U=c31bdc3844339937:…


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HTTP Cookie Client Computer ij Locally Store gksus okys Text Based Data gksrs gSa] ftudk iz;ksx lkekU;r% Web Server }kjk fdlh Client Computer dks Uniquely Identify djus vFkok Session Create djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA Cookies dks lkekU;r% ml Web Site }kjk Client Computer ij Place fd;k tkrk gS] ftldh Request Web Browser djrk gS] rkfd Web Site vius gj Viewer dks Personalized Information ns ldsA pwafd HTTP ,d Connectionless Protocol gS] ;kuh Client }kjk ,d ckj Request djus vkSj Server }kjk ml Request dks iwjk dj fn, tkus ds ckn Client o Server nksuksa ,d nwljs ls iwjh rjg ls vutku gks tkrs gSa] blfy, ml fLFkfr esa Cookies dk iz;ksx djds bl ckr dh tkudkjh dks Maintain fd;k tkrk gS fd fdl Client us Web Server ij fdl Resource dh Request dh gSA ;kuh ,d ckj ,d Request iwjh gks tkus ds ckn Cookies gh Client o Server ds chp ,d nwljs dks fQj ls Identify djus dk ek/;e gksrs gSaA

HTTP Response Message tc ,d ckj fdlh Web Browser ls fdlh Resource dh Request dh tkrh gS] rks ml Request dks iwjk djus ds fy, fiNys Session esa Discuss fd, vuqlkj ,d HTTP Request Message curk gS ftlesa fofHkUu izdkj dh Header Information gksrh gSaA ;s Request Message gh Web Server ij igqaprk gS] ftls Web Server Receive djds blds Data dks Process djrk gS vkSj cnys esa ,d HTTP Response Message Create djrk gSA ;fn ge mijksDr mnkgj.k dks gh vkxs c<k,sa] rks Request ds cnys esa Create gksus okyk Response Message fuEukuqlkj gks ldrk gS% HTTP/1.x 200 OK Cache-Control: private, max-age=0 Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2013 12:42:14 GMT Expires: -1 Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Content-Encoding: gzip Server: gws Content-Length: 2520 <html><head> ... rest of HTML for Google’s home page ... </body></html> pfy,] ftl rjg ls geus Request Message ds fofHkUu Headers dks One by One le>k] mlh rjg ls ge bl Response Message ds Hkh lHkh Headers dks One by One le>us dh dksf”k”k djrs gSaA HTTP/1.x 200 OK Response Message dk ;s igyk Header Request djus okys Web Browser dks bl ckr dh tkudkjh nsrk gS fd Request dks iwjk djus ds fy, fdl HTTP Protocol dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA


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Version dh Information ds ckn ,d Short Description Information Web Browser dks Return gksrk gS] tks fd Web Browser dks bl ckr dh tkudkjh nsrk gS fd mldh Request dh Processing dk D;k ifj.kke jgkA mijksDr Header esa ;s Status Code 200 o Description OK gS] tks bl ckr dks Indicate dj jgk gS] fd Web Browser }kjk Perform dh xbZ Request lgh rjhds ls Process gks xbZ gS vkSj Web Server us Request fd;k x;k Resource Return dj fn;k gSA Web Server }kjk vyx&vyx ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa vyx&vyx izdkj ds Status Code o Description Return gksrs gSa] ftuds ckjs esa ge vkxs Detail ls tkusaxsA Cache-Control: private, max-age=0 gj Web Browser esa ,d Local File Cache gksrk gS] tks Recently Requested Files dks Store djds j[krk gS] rkfd ;fn fQj ls mUghsa Files dh Request gks] rks Web Browser mu Files dks fQj ls Download u djds vius Cache ls gh mUgsa izkIr dj ys] rkfd Request T;knk rsth ls Perform gks tk, vkSj Response T;knk rsth ls izkIr gks tk,A Cache-Control Header Web Browser dks Currently Requested Resource ls lacaf/kr dqN Parameters nsrk gS] tks Web Browser dks bl ckr dh tkudkjh nsrk gS fd Web Browser fdrus le; rd Web Server ls vkus okys Resources dks Cache djds j[k ldrk gSA gekjs mnkgj.k esa Cache-Control Header ds lkFk “private” Specified gS] tks Web Browser ds fy, bl ckr dk Indication gS fd Current Resources dsoy Current User ds fy, gh gS vkSj ;fn Current User fdlh LAN ;kuh Local Area Network ij gS] rks LAN ij miyC/k vU; Users ds fy, og Resource Available ugha gksxkA ifj.kkeLo:i ;fn LAN ij dke djus okys vU; Users mlh Web Page dks Open djsaxs] rks muds fy, gj Resource fQj ls Download gksxk vkSj muds fy, vyx ls Cache gksxk] fQj Hkys gh lHkh Users leku Web Browser Program dks gh Share D;ksa u dj jgs gksaA lkFk gh “max-age” Property Web Browser dks bl ckr dh tkudkjh nsrk gS fd Web Browser fdrus Seconds rd Requested Page dks Cache djds j[k ldrk gSA gekjs mnkgj.k esa “max-age” dk eku 0 gS] tks bl ckr dk Indication gS fd Web Browser Google ds Homepage dks 0 Seconds ds fy, gh Cache djsxk ;k nwljs “kCnksa esa dgsa rks Cache ugha djsxkA ;fn ge fdlh Web Page dks Web Browser esa Cache djokuk ugha pkgrs] rks ge Cache-Control Header esa Value ds :i esa “no-cache” eku Specify djds ,slk dj ldrs gSaA Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2013 12:42:14 GMT Response Message ds bl Header esa ml le; dh Information gksrh gS] tc HTTP Response Message, Web Server ls Sent fd;k x;k gksrk gSA


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Expires: -1 ;s Header Web Browser dks bl ckr dh Information nsrk gS fd Requested Page fdl Date-Time ij Old gks tk,xk vkSj ;fn fQj ls ml Page dks Load fd;k tk,xk] rks og Web Browser ds Cache ls Load u gksdj fQj ls Download gksxkA ;kuh Requested Web Page dc Expire gks tk,xk] bl ckr dh tkudkjh bl Header esa gksrh gSA Current Header esa gesa -1 fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS] tks bl ckr dk Indication gS fd Requested Page igys ls gh dkQh iqjkuk gks pqdk gS vkSj vxyh ckj ;fn bl Page dk Request fd;k tk,xk] rks Web Browser bl Page dks Cache ls Load djus ds ctk; Web Server ls Page dh ,d ubZ Copy Download djsxkA Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 ;s Header Requested Document ds MIME Type dks Represent djrk gS] tks Current Example esa bl ckr dks Specify dj jgk gS fd Currently Requested Page ,d Plain Text HTML Page gS tks fd ,d UTF-8 Character Set Supported Page gSA Content-Encoding: gzip ;s Header Web Browser dks ;s ckr Specify dj jgk gS fd Web Server ls Return gksus okyk Document gzip Format esa Compressed gS] ftls Web Browser Extract djds Render djsxkA Web Server mlh fLFkfr esa fdlh Resource dks Compress djrk gS] tcfd Web Browser ml Compression Mode dks Accept djrk gSA pwafd Request Message esa geus ns[kk Fkk fd Web Browser gzip o deflate Compression Mode dks Support djrk gS] blfy, Web Server us Requested Document gzip Format esa Return fd;k gSA ;fn Request Message esa Accept-Encoding Header esa Specified Compression Mode dks Web Server Support ugha djrk] rks Web Server Return gksus okys Resource dks Compress djds Send ugha djrk cfYd Normal Content dh rjg gh Send djrk] ftlls Web Page ;k Resource ds Web Browser esa Load gksus dh Speed dqN /kheh gks tkrhA Server: gws ;s Header Web Browser dks bl ckr dh tkudkjh ns jgk gS fd Return gksus okyk Resource fdl Web Server ls Return gks jgk gSA mijksDr mnkgj.k esa ;s gws gS tks fd Google dk Lo;a dk Web Server gSA Content-Length: 2520


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;s Header Return gksus okys Resource dh Length ;k Size dks Bytes ds :i esa Return djrk gSA ;kuh ;s Header Web Brower dks bl ckr dh tkudkjh nsrk gS fd Web Server ls vkus okys Resource dh Size fd;k gSA bu lHkh Response Headers ds ckn vUr esa Requested Resource dk Actual Content gksrk gS] tks fd Current Example esa ,d HTML Document gSA ;fn Requested Resource dksbZ Image File gksrk] rks ;gka ij Text Representation ds :i esa og Image Download gksuk “kq: gksrk] tks Download gksus ds ckn Current Web Browser o Operating System }kjk Image Format esa Convert gksdj Web Browser esa Display gksrk gSA vc vki le> ldrs gSa fd tc vki Web Browser ds Address Bar eas dksbZ URL Specify djds Keyboard ij Enter Key Press djrs gSa ;k Web Page ij fn[kkbZ nsus okys fdlh Hyperlink dks Click djrs gSa] rc mijksDrkuqlkj nksuksa Request o Response Messages esa fdruh lkjh Header Information Send o Receive gksrh gS vkSj blh Header Information ds vk/kkj ij Web Browser o Web Server ds chp Information dk Transfer gksrk gSA

HTTP Status Codes lHkh HTTP Status Codes 3-Digit Numbers gksrs gSa] tks fdlh Request ds cnys esa Web Server }kjk fd, x, Response dks Represent djrs gSa vkSj bl ckr dks Indicate djrs gSa fd Request lgh rjhds ls Fulfill gqbZ ;k Client }kjk fdlh vU; Action dh t:jr gS] rkfd Requested Data dks mi;qDr rjhds ls Successfully Locate fd;k tk ldsA ;gka ge dqN Common Status Codes ds ckjs esa Discuss dj jgs gSa] tcfd HTTP ds lHkh Status Codes dh tkudkjh http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes ij izkIr dj ldrs gSaA

200+ (Success) 200 ls 299 ds chp ds lHkh Status Codes bl ckr dks Indicate djrs gSa fd Web Server }kjk Request Message dks Bhd ls Receive djds Process dj fy;k x;k gS rFkk Web Browser dks fdlh izdkj dk Content Return dj fn;k x;k gSA bl Range esa lkekU; :i ls mi;ksx esa vkus okys Status Codes dk Description fuEukuqlkj gS% 200 OK

;s Status Code bl ckr dks Represent djrk gS fd Request Successful jgk rFkk Response Message esa Requested Data Exist gSA

201 Created

;s Status Code bl ckr dks Represent djrk gS fd POST ;k PUT Method ds vuqlkj Server ij u;k Resource Create gks x;k gSA

204 No Content

;s Status Code bl ckr dks Represent djrk gS fd Request Successful jgk ysfdu Requested URL ij Response Message esa Return djus ds fy, dksbZ Data Exist ugha gSA

206 Partial Content


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;s Status Code bl ckr dks Represent djrk gS fd Request Successful jgk ysfdu Requested Data T;knk gksus ds dkj.k vFkok Network Failure ;k User Cancellation ds dkj.k Content Web Browser esa iwjh rjg ls Download ugha gks ldk vkSj iwjk Data izkIr djus ds fy, Web Browser dks fQj ls Request djuk gksxk vFkok Download dks Resume djuk gksxkA

300+ (Redirection) 300 ls 399 ds chp ds lHkh Status Codes bl ckr dks Indicate djrs gSa fd Web Server }kjk Request Message dks Bhd ls iwjk djus ds fy, Client dks ,d Extra Step ysuk gksxk o fdlh vU; URL ij Redirect djuk gksxk vU;Fkk dksbZ Content Return ugha gksxkA bl Range esa lkekU; :i ls mi;ksx esa vkus okys Status Codes dk Description fuEukuqlkj gS% 301 Moved Permanently

;s Status Code bl ckr dks Represent djrk gS fd Requested URL fdlh vU; Location ij Permanently Move dj fn;k x;k gSA ;kuh Requested Resource Current URL ij Available ugha gS cfYd fdlh vU; URL Location ij miyC/k gSA

302 Found

;s Status Code bl ckr dks Represent djrk gS fd Requested URL fdlh vU; Location ij Temporarily Move dj fn;k x;k gSA ;kuh Requested Resource Current URL ij Currently Available ugha gS ysfdu Hkfo’; esa fQj ls bl URL ij og Resource Available gks ldrk gSA

304 Not Modified

;s Status Code bl ckr dks Represent djrk gS fd Requested URL dks igys Hkh Request fd;k x;k gS vkSj rc ls vc rd mlesa fdlh rjg dk dksbZ Modification ugha fd;k x;k gSA blfy, Client dks Web Browser ds Cache esa Stored Resource dks Locally Use djuk pkfg,A

400+ (Client Error) 400 ls 499 ds chp ds lHkh Status Codes bl ckr dks Indicate djrs gSa fd Web Browser }kjk Hksts x, Request Message esa fdlh rjg dh Error Fkh blfy, Web Server Requested Resource dks Return ugha dj ik;kA ;s Codes bl ckr dks Indicate djrs gSa fd okafNr Response izkIr u gks ikus dk Fault Client Side esa gS u fd Server Side esaA bl Range esa lkekU; :i ls mi;ksx esa vkus okys Status Codes dk Description fuEukuqlkj gS% 400 Bad Request

;s Status Code bl ckr dks Represent djrk gS fd Request Message mi;qDr Format esa u gksus dh otg ls Web Server mls Bhd ls le> gh ugha ik;kA

401 Unauthorized

;s Status Code bl ckr dks Represent djrk gS fd Request Message ds lkFk Web Server dks mi;qDr Username o Password Hkh pkfg,] D;ksafd Requested Content ,d Restricted Content gSA


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403 Forbidden

;s Status Code bl ckr dks Represent djrk gS fd Web Server us Client dh Request dks Refuse dj fn;k gSA ,slk rc gks ldrk gS] tc Web Server ij ml IP Address dks Block ;k Blacklisted dj fn;k x;k gks] ftl ij Installed Web Browser ls Request Perform fd;k x;k gSA

404 Not Found

;s Status Code bl ckr dks Represent djrk gS fd Requested URL Current Location ij Available ugha gS] ysfdu Hkfo’; esa bl Location ij dksbZ Content gks ldrk gS] blfy, Web Browser Hkfo’; esa fQj ls bl URL dh Request dj ldrk gSA

405 Method Not Allowed

;s Status Code bl ckr dks Represent djrk gS fd Request Message ftl rjg dk Interaction Current URL ds lkFk djuk pkgrk gS] ml izdkj dk Interaction Specified URL ij Allowed ugha gSA ;s Code rc Generate gks ldrk gS] tc User Google ds Homepage dks DELETE Method }kjk Delete djus dh dksf”k”k djsA

410 Gone

;s Status Code “404 Not Found” Status Code dh rjg gh dke djrk gSA vUrj dsoy bruk gS fd ;s Status Code bl ckr dks Represent djrk gS fd Specified URL dks fQj ls Try ugha djuk pkfg,A lkekU;r% ;s Status Code, Search Engine Spider ds fy, mi;ksxh gksrh gS] D;ksafd ;fn Search Engine Spiders dks ;s Status Code izkIr gksrk gS] rks Search Engine Spiders Specified URL dks vius Index ls gesa”kk ds fy, Remove dj ldrs gSa] rkfd os fQj ls bl URL ij u vk,saA

413 Request Entity Too Large

;s Status Code bl ckr dks Represent djrk gS fd Request Message bruk cMk gS fd Web Server mls Process ugha dj ldrkA ;s Status Code rc Return gks ldrk gS] tc dksbZ HTML Form viuh Limit ls T;knk Data Web Server ij Process gksus ds fy, Submit dj nsrk gSA

414 Request URL Too Long

;s Status Code bl ckr dks Represent djrk gS fd Request Message esa Specified URL Acceptable Size ls T;knk cMk gSA

500+ (Server Error) 500 ls 599 ds chp ds lHkh Status Codes bl ckr dks Indicate djrs gSa fd Web Browser }kjk Hkstk x;k Request Message iwjh rjg ls Bhd Fkk ysfdu Server dh fdlh leL;k ds dkj.k Request iwjh ugha gks ldhA ;s Codes bl ckr dks Indicate djrs gSa fd okafNr Response izkIr u gks ikus dk Fault Server Side esa gS u fd Client Side esaA bl Range esa lkekU; :i ls mi;ksx esa vkus okys Status Codes dk Description fuEukuqlkj gS% 500 Internal Server Error


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;s Status Code lkekU;r% rc Return gksrk gS] tc Server Side esa dksbZ Script Run gks jgh gksrh gS vkSj ml Script esa fdlh rjg dk Error Trigger gks tkrk gSA

501 Not Implemented

;s Status Code lkekU;r% rc Return gksrk gS] tc Server HTTP Method dks Bhd ls le> ugha ikrk ;k Support ugha djrkA

502 Bad Gateway

;s Status Code lkekU;r% Proxy Server }kjk rc Return gksrk gS] tc Client o Server ds chp Data Transfer Bhd ls ugha gks ikrkA ftldk eryc ;s gS fd Web Server ;k rks Request Message dks Bhd ls le> ugha ikrk vFkok bl ckr ds fy, Sure ugha gksrk fd Web Server }kjk Return gksus okyk Response Data Web Client rd igqapsxk ;k ugha

503 Service Unavailable

;s Status Code lkekU;r% rc Return gksrk gS] tc ;k rks Web Server Overload gks tkrk gS ;k fQj Scheduled Maintenance Period esa gksrk gSA

504 Gateway Timeout

;s Status Code lkekU;r% rc Return gksrk gS] tc Web Client o Web Server ds chp fLFkr Proxy Server, Client o Destination ds chp Messages dks Bhd rjg ls Forward ugha dj ik jgk gksrk gSA

Status Codes o Request/Response ls lEcaf/kr mijksDr Discussion esa crk, x, Concepts gekjs fy, rc mi;ksxh gksrs gSa] tc ge AJAX Technology dks Use djrs gSa vkSj AJAX orZeku le; esa ,d cgqr gh mi;ksxh rduhd gS] ftldk iz;ksx djds ge Powerful Dynamic Websites o Web Applications Create dj ldrs gSaA

Development Environment Setup vki dksbZ Hkh ubZ Programming Language lh[kuk pkgrs gksa] lh[kus dk lcls csgrj rjhdk ;gh gS fd ml Language ls lacaf/kr Basics o Fundamentals dks NksVs&NksVs Programs cukrs gq, lh[kk tk, vkSj Program cukus ds fy, gesa gesa”kk fdlh u fdlh Text Editor ;k IDE dh t:jr gksrh gSA JavaScript Hkh ,d izdkj dh Programming Language ;k T;knk csgrj “kCnksa esa dgsa] rks ,d izdkj dh Client Side Scripting Language gS] blfy, blls igys fd ge bl Language dks le>sa] gesa JavaScript Programs dks Develop djus ls lEcaf/kr Basic Environment Setup djus dh t:jr gS] rkfd iqLrd esa vkxs vkus okys Program Codes dh Working dks vklkuh ls le>k tk ldsA vU; lHkh Programming, Scripting o Markup Languages dh rjg gh JavaScript Programs dks Hkh ge ,d Simple Text Editor esa fy[k ldrs gSa] ysfdu pwafd JavaScript ,d Interpreter Based Programming Language gS vkSj JavaScript dk Interpreter lkekU;r%


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Web Browser ds vUnj gh In-Built gksrk gS] blfy, lkekU;r% JavaScript dks Web Pages dks Interactive cukus ds fy, Use fd;k tkrk gSA ifj.kkeLo:i JavaScript Codes ewy :i ls Web Pages ds fy, gh mi;ksxh gksrs gSa vkSj Web Pages Create djus ds fy, ftrus Hkh IDE (Integrated Development Environment) orZeku esa miyC/k gSa] mu lHkh dks JavaScript Codes dks fy[kus ds fy, Use fd;k tk ldrk gSA tSls Adobe DreamWeaver, Microsoft Visual Studio, NetBeans, Eclipse vkfnA pwafd fdlh Hkh Program dks Develop djus esa dbZ Steps Involved gksrs gSa] tSls fd Source Codes fy[kuk] mUgsa Compile ;k Interpret djuk] Bugs dks Identify djuk] mUgsa Debug djuk] Maintain djuk] Test djuk o Deploy djukA bu lHkh dkeksa dks ,d gh LFkku ij iwjk djus ds fy, ;fn dksbZ Software cuk fy;k tk,] rks ml Software dks IDE (Integrated Development Environment) dgrs gSaA gkykafd IDE fdlh Hkh Program dks Develop djus esa dkQh enn djrs gSa] ysfdu fQj Hkh ;fn ge dksbZ ubZ Language lh[kus ds fygkt ls ns[ksa] rks IDE Qk;nk djus ds LFkku ij uqdlku djrs gSaA ;kuh ;fn JavaScript vkids fy, fcYdqy ubZ Language gS] rks fdlh IDE dks Use djus ds LFkku ij Simple Text Editor dk iz;ksx djrs gq, JavaScript Codes fy[kuk vkids fy, T;knk Qk;nseUn jgsxk vkSj Notepad++ fdlh Hkh ubZ Programming Language dks lh[kus ds fy, esjk Favorite Text Editor gS] tcfd Client Side Web Technologies (HTML, CSS, JavaScript, etc…) IDE ds :i esa eq>s Eclipse vk/kkfjr Aptana Studio ilUn gSA rks lcls igys Notepad++ Text Editor dks http://www.notepad-plus-plus.org /download/ Website ls Download djds vius Computer ij Install dhft,A ;s Text Editor Free Available gSA Install djds Open djus ij ;s dqN fuEukuqlkj fn[kkbZ nsrk gS

pwafd HTML, CSS o JavaScript tSlh Scripting Languages, Web Browser esa gh Interpret gksrs gSa vkSj budk Server Side ls dksbZ Direct Connection gksuk t:jh ugha gksrk]


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blfy, JavaScript Codes ds Effects dks le>us ds fy, gesa gekjs Local Computer ij fdlh Local Web Server dks Install djus dh t:jr ugha gS] cfYd JavaScript Codes gesa”kk fdlh u fdlh HTML Web Page ls Link ;k HTML Web Page esa Embed gksrs gSa] blfy, tSls gh ge Web Page dks fdlh Web Browser esa Open djrs gSa] JavaScript Interpret gksus yxrk gSA ;kuh JavaScript Programming lh[kus ds fy, gesa fdlh External Software dh t:jr ugha gSA gesa dsoy ,d Text Editor dh t:jr gS] tgka ge vius HTML, CSS o JavaScript Codes dks fy[k ldsa o ,d Web Browser dh t:jr gS] tgka ge gekjs JavaScript Codes ds Output dks ns[k ldsaA Notepad++ dh Capabilities dks Extend djus ds fy, ge blesa viuh t:jr ds vuqlkj fofHkUu izdkj ds Plug-ins dks Hkh Install dj ldrs gSaA fofHkUu izdkj ds Plug-ins Install djus ds fy, gesa Notepad++ ds Plug-in Menu ds “Plugin Manager” Sub-Menu ds “Show Plugin Manager” Option dks Click djuk gksrk gS vkSj gekjs lkeus fuEukuqlkj ,d Dialog Box Open gksrk gS] ftlesa ge mu Plug-ins dks Select djds Install dj ldrs gSa] ftUgsa ge gekjs Notepad++ Text Editor esa Include djuk pkgrs gSa tcfd Install gksus ds ckn ml Plugin dks mi;ksx esa ysus ds fy, ds fy, Hkh gesa blh “Plug-in” Menu esa gh tkuk gksrk gSA

blds vykok ;fn vki dksbZ IDE Use djuk pkgrs gSa] rks vki esjk Favorite IDE Aptana Studio Use dj ldrs gSaA ;s ,d Advance IDE gS] blfy, bls bldh iwjh {kerk ds lkFk Use djus ds fy, vkidks dqN Configuration djus dh t:jr iM ldrh gSA ;s ,d ,slk IDE gS] ftls Use djus ij vki viuk lkjk Code ,d gh LFkku ij fy[k ldrs gSa vkSj mls blh Studio esa miyC/k Internal Web Browser esa Run djds mldk Output Hkh blh Browser esa ns[k ldrs gSaA bl IDE dks vki http://www.aptana.com/ products/studio3/download Website ls Download dj ldrs gSa vkSj ;s Hkh iwjh rjg ls Free gSA Install djds Open djus ij ;s IDE dqN fuEukuqlkj fn[kkbZ nsrk gS%


http://www.aptana.com/%20products/studio3/download

http://www.aptana.com/%20products/studio3/download

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bl IDE dh fo”ks’krk ;s gS fd bl IDE esa gh ,d Local Web Server o Internal Web Browser Hkh gSA ftldh otg ls gesa gekjs Program dks Test ;k Debug djus ds fy, Text Editor o Web Browser ds chp Switch ugha djuk iMrkA bl IDE dks Use djus ds fy, lcls igys gesa fuEu fp=kuqlkj Option dks Click djds ,d u;k Web Project Create djuk gksrk gS%

,d Dialog Box Display gksrk gS] tgka gesa gekjs Project dk uke Specify djds Next Button ij ugha cfYd Finish Button ij Click djuk gksrk gSA ,slk djrs gh ,d u;k Project Create gks tkrk gS] ftls ge IDE ds Left Side esa fn[kkbZ nsus okys “Project Explorer” Tab esa ns[k ldrs gSaA fQj fuEu fp=kuqlkj ubZ File Create djuk gksrk gS%


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fp= esa fn[kk, vuqlkj “New => File” ij Click djrs gh gekjs lkeus ,d Dialog Box vkrk gS] ftlesa gesa gekjh File dk uke tSls fd “index.html” Specify djds “Finish” Button ij Click djuk gksrk gS%

bl izdkj ls gekjs Project esa ,d ubZ File Add gks tkrh gS] ftlesa ge fuEukuqlkj HTML, CSS ;k JavaScript Code fy[k ldrs gSa%


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bl Web Page esa HTML, CSS, JavaScript Codes fy[kus ds ckn mldk Output ns[kus ds fy, gesa vxys fp= esa fn[kk, vuqlkj IDE ds Standard Toolbar esa fn, x, “Show Preview” Icon dks Click djuk gksrk gS vkSj gesa gekjs Page dk Output fuEu fp=kuqlkj fn[kkbZ nsus yxrk gS%

bl IDE ds vykok Hkh dbZ vkSj IDEs gSa] ftudk iz;ksx Web Pages Create djus ds fy, fd;k tk ldrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, vki NetBeans Hkh Use dj ldrs gSa] tks fd ewy :i ls Java Development ds fy, Oracle Company }kjk Provide fd;k x;k IDE gS] ysfdu ge bls Web Development ds fy, Hkh Use dj ldrs gSa vkSj ;s IDE Hkh dkQh Powerful o Free Available gSaA tcfd vki Adobe DreamWeaver ;k Microsoft Visual Studio IDE dk Hkh iz;ksx Web Development ds fy, dj ldrs gSa] ysfdu ;s IDE Free ugha gSa cfYd dkQh egaxs gSaA


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gkykafd vki Notepad++ ;k Aptana Studio dk iz;ksx djds Web Pages Create dj ldrs gSa] ftuesa JavaScript Codes fy[kdj mudk Effect le> ldrs gSa] ysfdu fQj Hkh Development ds le; fo”ks’k :i ls Codes dh Debugging djrs le; o Language dh Internal Working dks csgrj rjhds ls le>us ds fy, gesa dqN vkSj Special izdkj ds Tools dh vDlj t:jr iMrh gS vkSj lkekU; :i ls ;s Tools, Web Browser cukus okyh Companies us Default :i ls vius Web Browser esa ns j[kk gksrk gS] ftls “Developer Tools” dgrs gSa] vkSj fofHkUu Web Browsers esa lkekU;r% bUgsa F12 Function Key Press djds On/Off fd;k tk ldrk gSA fQj Hkh Developer Tools ds ekeys esa Mozilla Firefox Web Browser lcls Powerful Developer Tools Plugin ds :i esa Install djus dh lqfo/kk nsrk gS vkSj ;s Tool Hkh F12 Function Key }kjk Enable/Disable dj ldrs gSaA ;kuh ;fn vki Mozilla Firefox Web Browser Use dj jgs gSa] rks fuEu Tools dks vius Web Browser esa Extension ds :i esa t:j Install djsa%

1. http://www.getfirebug.com/ ;s Tool okLro esa lHkh Web Developers ds fy, ,d cgqr gh mi;ksxh Tool gS] D;ksafd ;s Tool Web Page Development o Debugging ls lacaf/kr yxHkx t:jh Tools dk ,d Collection gSA

2. http://livehttpheaders.mozdev.org/ bl Tool dk iz;ksx djds ge Web Browser o Web Server ds chp Transfer gksus okys Message dh Details izkIr dj ldrs gSaA


http://www.getfirebug.com/

http://livehttpheaders.mozdev.org/

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3. http://chrispederick.com/work/web-developer/ ;s Tool Current Web Page ls lEcaf/kr yxHkx lHkh Elements dh tkudkjh o mUgsa Handle o Control djus dh lqfo/kk nsrk gSA

;fn vki Firefox Web Browser dks T;knk mi;ksx esa ysrs gSa] rks bu rhuksa Tools ds lkFk dqN le; O;rhr djuk vkids fy, dkQh Qk;nseUn jgsxkA ysfdu ;fn vki Google Chrome Web Browser dks T;knk mi;ksx esa ysrs gSa] rks mijksDr lHkh Tools ds Lite ;k Alternative Versions, Google Chrome Web Browser ds fy, Hkh Plug-in ds :i esa Available gSa] tks fd F12 Function Key Press djus ij dqN fuEukuqlkj fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa%

Google Chrome ds fy, Firebug Tool dk ;s ,d Lite Version gSA blds vykok Google Chrome dk Lo;a dk Hkh ,d Developer Tool gS] ftl dks ml fLFkfr esa F12 Function Key }kjk Activate fd;k tk ldrk gS] tcfd vkius Google Chrome esa “Firebug Lite” Version dks Install u fd;k gksA ysfdu ;fn vkius “Firbug” ds Lite Version Extension dks Install


http://chrispederick.com/work/web-developer/

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fd;k gS] rks bl Default Developer Tools dks Open djus ds fy, vkidks Google Chrome ds Tools Menu esa tkdj “Developer Tools” Option dks Click djuk gksxkA ;s Tool dqN fuEukuqlkj fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA

blds vykok Microsoft us vius Latest Web Browser ds lkFk Hkh viuk ,d Developer Tool Provide fd;k gS vkSj og Hkh F12 Function Key }kjk gh Activate gksrk gS] tks fd yxHkx Firebug Took dh Exact Copy gSA ;s Tool dqN fuEukuqlkj fn[kkbZ nsrk gS%

buds vykok Apple Safari o Opera Web Browsers dk Hkh viuk Develop Tool gSA mijksDr lHkh Tools ns[kdj vki le> gh x, gksaxs fd ;s lHkh Tools yxHkx ,d leku gh gSaA blfy, vki pkgs tks Web Browser Use dj jgs gksa] vkidks bu Tools dks vPNh rjg ls Use djuk vkuk gh pkfg,A oSls Hkh ;fn vki Web Developer cuuk pkgrs gSa] rks vkids Computer esa lHkh Modern Web Browsers Installed gksus pkfg,sa vkSj vkidks vius Web Page dks lHkh Modern Web


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Browsers esa Test djuk pkfg,] rkfd vkidks irk py lds fd ,d gh Web Page vyx&vyx Web Browsers esa fdruk vyx fn[kkbZ ns ldrk gSA blds vykok gkykafd geus dqN Tools ds ckjs esa Discuss fd;k] ysfdu fofHkUu izdkj dh Requirements dks iwjk djus gsrq fofHkUu Web Browsers ds cgqr lkjs Tools Plug-in ds :i esa Available gSa] ftUgsa lqfo/kkuqlkj t:j mi;ksx esa ysuk lh[kuk pkfg,A lkFk gh bu vyx&vyx Web Browsers ds “Developer Tools” esa Hkh dqN Special Types ds vyx&vyx Options gSa] tks fdlh nwljs Web Browser ds Developer Tool esa miyC/k ugha gSaA blfy, lHkh Web Browsers ds Developer Tools dks vPNh rjg ls le>uk vkids fy, mi;ksxh jgsxk mnkgj.k ds fy, Internet Explorer dk Developer Tools Use djds ;fn ge Web Page ds fdlh Code esa Change djrs gSa] rks ge ml Code dks Hard Disk ij ,d vyx File ds :i esa Save djds j[k ldrs gS] tcfd ;s lqfo/kk fdlh Hkh vU; Web Browser ds Developer Tools esa ugha gSA ;kuh ;fn vki dksbZ IDE ;k Text Editor Use u djsa] rks vki lh/ks gh Internet Explorer ds Developer Tools dks ,d IDE dh rjg Use djrs gq, Hkh JavaScript Codes dks Interpret dj ldrs gSa] u;k Web Page Create dj ldrs gSa] mldh Stylesheet cuk ldrs gSaA ;kuh gj Web Browser ds Developer Tools dh viuh fo”ks’krk gS blfy, vkidks lHkh Web Browsers ds Developer Tools ds ckjs esa T;knk ls T;knk tkuuk pkfg, rkfd vkidks irk jgs fd fdlh Specific Type dh Requirement dks iwjk djus ds fy, vkidks dkSuls Web Browser ds Developer Tools dh t:jr gSA

Developer Tools Console tc vki fofHkUu Web Browsers ds Developer Tools ;k Firebug Tool dks Inspect djsaxs] rks vki ns[ksaxs fd mu lHkh Tools esa “Console” uke dk ,d Tab gSA ;s og LFkku gS] tgka ij vki Directly JavaScript Codes fy[kdj lh/ks gh Web Browser esa Code dh Functionality dk izHkko ns[k ldrs gSaA ;gh ugha] Web Browser esa Loaded fdlh Hkh Web Page dks bl Console esa JavaScript Code fy[kdj ml Page ij JavaScript Code ds Effect dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSA


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tSlkfd mijksDr fp= esa ge ns[k ldrs gSa fd geus >>> Prompt ij fuEu Code fy[kk gS% >>> alert("Hello. I am from the Console."); tSls gh ge bl Code dks fy[kdj Enter Key Press djrs gSa] Web Browser esa fuEu fp=kuqlkj ,d Alert Window Display gksus yxrk gS] ftlesa mijksDr Code esa fy[kk x;k Message gh gksrk gS%

;fn ge ,d ls T;knk Lines dk JavaScript Code fy[kuk pkgsa] rks lHkh Codes ds vUr esa “Semicolon” dk iz;ksx djrs gq, Multiple Lines dk Code fy[k ldrs gSaA tSls%

;fn ge pkgsa rks bl Firebug Tool ds bl Console dks Multiline Mode esa Hkh Open dj ldrs gSaA blds fy, gesa bl Tool ds Bottom Right esa fn[kkbZ nsus okys Red Color ds Button dks Click djuk gksrk gSA ifj.kkeLo:i ;gh Console fuEukuqlkj Multiline Mode esa fn[kkbZ nsus yxrk gS%


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tc ge Firebug ds Console dks Multiline Mode esa Use djrs gSa] rks JavaScript Code dks Interpret djus ds fy, gesa Enter Key ds LFkku ij Ctrl+Enter Key Combination dks Use djuk iMrk gSA blh rjg ls Google Chrome Web Browser esa ;fn Ctrl+Shift+J Key Combination Use fd;k tk,] rks gekjs lkeus fuEukuqlkj Google Chrome dk Default JavaScript Console Display gks tkrk gS] ftls ge Bhd Firebug Console dh rjg gh Use dj ldrs gSa%

tcfd ;fn ge pkgsa rks Google Chrome ds Firebug Lite Version ds Console dks Function Key F12 }kjk Activate dj ldrs gSa vkSj ;s gesa fuEukuqlkj fn[kkbZ nsrk gS%

tcfd blh dks Multiline Mode esa Open djus ij ;s fuEukuqlkj fn[kkbZ nsrk gS%


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blh rjg ls Apple Safari Web Browser dk Developer Tool Exactly Google Chrome ds Default Developer Tool dh rjg fn[kkbZ nsrk gS] tks fd dqN fuEukuqlkj gksrk gS%

Apple Safari Web Browser ds Developer Tools dks Activate djus ds fy, ge Ctrl+Alt+I Key Combination dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA blh rjg ls ge Internet Explorer dk Hkh Console Use dj ldrs gSa] tks fd fuEukuqlkj gksrk gS%


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pwafd] ;s Developer Tool yxHkx iwjh rjg ls Firebug ds leku gS] blfy, ge bls Hkh Multiline Mode esa Use dj ldrs gSa] ftlds fy, gesa bl Developer Tools ds Bottom Right esa fn[kkbZ nsus okys Up-Arrow dks Click djuk gksrk gSA Multiline Mode esa ;s fuEukuqlkj fn[kkbZ nsrk gS%

Multiline Mode esa iwjs JavaScript Code dks Run djus ds fy, gesa Ctrl+Enter Key Combination dks Use djuk gksrk gS vU;Fkk ge “Run script” Button ij Click Hkh dj ldrs gSaA fofHkUu Web Browsers ds Developer Tools lkekU;r% Web Browser dh Screen ls Dock ;k Connected jgrs gSa] ysfdu ge bUgsa Web Browser ds Window ls Un-Dock ;k vyx Hkh dj ldrs gSa vkSj vyx djus ds ckotwn ;s ml Web Page ls Linked jgrs gSa] ;kuh ml Web Page dh Information ls Associated jgrs gSa] ftl ij bUgsa Activate fd;k x;k FkkA gkykafd fofHkUu Web Browsers ds lHkh Consoles fcuk fdlh rjg dh ijs”kkuh ds JavaScript Codes dks Interpret djus esa iwjh rjg ls l{ke gSa] fQj Hkh Firebug esjk Favorite Console gS] D;ksafd ;s gesa ml le; Automatically IntelliSense dh lqfo/kk nsrk gS] tc ge blesa viuk JavaScript Code Type dj jgs gksrs gSaA


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;kuh ;s gesa Professional IDE dh rjg Code Type djrs le; Code Hint nsrk jgrk gS] ftlls gesa JavaScript Codes dks ;kn j[kus vFkok iwjk Code Type djus dh t:jr ugha jgrh] cfYd ge Code dks Select djds Tab Key ;k Enter Key dks Press dj ldrs gSaA lkFk gh dsoy blh Console esa JavaScript Codes fofHkUu Color Text ds vuqlkj fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa] ftlls JavaScript Codes fy[kuk dkQh vklku gks tkrk gSA tcfd vU; Web Browsers ds Consoles esa lkjs JavaScript Codes Plain Text dh rjg fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA ;kuh ge Firebug Console dks ,d izdkj ls JavaScript IDE dh rjg mi;ksx esa ys ldrs gSaA bl lqfo/kk dks fuEu fp=kuqlkj le>k tk ldrk gS%

ysfdu ;s lqfo/kk gesa dsoy rc izkIr gksrh gS] tc ge Single Line Console Mode esa gksrs gSaA Multiline Console Mode esa ;s Feature dke ugha djrk] gkykafd Multiline Mode esa Hkh JavaScript Codes fofHkUu Color esa fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa] tks fd ,d Extra Benefit gSA lHkh Web Browsers ds Developer Tools ds Console Window ds nks fgLls gksrs gSaA igyk fgLlk og fgLlk gksrk gS] tgka ge JavaScript Codes fy[krs gSa] tcfd nwljk fgLlk og fgLlk gksrk gS] tgka ml JavaScript Code ds Interpret gksus ij Return gksus okyk Output Display gksrk gSA bl Output Window esa Åij dh rjQ og JavaScript Code fn[kkbZ nsrk gS] tks Run gqvk gS] tcfd uhps dh vksj ml Code ds Run gksus ls Return gksus okyk Output fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA bls ge fuEu fp=kuqlkj csgrj rjhds ls le> ldrs gS%


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;kuh ge bl Console dks fofHkUu izdkj ds Core JavaScript Codes dks Test djus ds fy, Hkh Use dj ldrs gSa vkSj gesa gj JavaScript Code ds Effect dks ns[kus ds fy, vyx ls Web Page Create djus dh t:jr ugha gS] ftlls JavaScript lh[kus ds fygkt ls le; dh dkQh cpr gks tkrh gSA tc ge Firebug ds Console dks JavaScript Codes ds fy, Use dj jgs gksrs gSa] rc gesa Firefox Web Browser esa ,d Configuration Setting t:j djuh pkfg,] rkfd Firefox Web Browser fdlh Hkh rjg dk Warning Message t:j Display djsA D;ksafd lkekU;r% Warning Message Web Page ij fdlh rjg dk Direct izHkko ugha Mkyrs] blfy, Default :i ls Firefox esa Warning Message Disabled jgrk gSA ysfdu ;fn gekjs Web Page esa cgqr T;knk Warning Messages gksa] rks gekjs Web Page ds Web Browser esa Load gksus dh Speed dkQh de gks tkrh gSA blfy, tgka rd gks lds] gesa JavaScript ls lacaf/kr lHkh Warning Message dks Hkh Resolve djuk pkfg,A ;fn ge ,slk djrs gSa] rks gekjk JavaScript Code iwjh rjg ls Bug Proof cusxkA ;s Setting djus ds fy, gesa fuEu Steps Follow djus gksrs gSa%

1 Firefox Web Browser ds Addressbar esa about:config fy[kdj Enter djsaA 2 ,d Configuration Page fn[kkbZ nsxk ftlesa javascript.options.strict Option dks

Select djds Double Click djsaA

3 ,slk djrs gh bl Option dh Value Property esa false ds LFkku ij fuEu fp=kuqlkj

true Set gks tk,xk%


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JavaScript Console ml le; cgqr mi;ksxh gksrs gSa] tc ge JavaScript lh[k jgs gksrs gSaA D;ksafd lh[krs le; ge NksVs&NksVs Programs cukrs gSa o mu Programs ds Statements ds Execution ds rjhds o dk;Ziz.kkyh dks le>us dh dksf”k”k djrs gSaA ml le; fy[ks x, Codes fdlh Hkh rjg ls Practically ;k Professionally Useful ugha gksrsA blfy, bu Codes dks Web Pages esa fy[kdj mu Web Pages dks Run djds JavaScript Codes dk Effect ns[kus esa T;knk le; yxrk gSA tcfd Web Browser esa ge fdlh Hkh Web Page dks Load djds ml ij JavaScript Codes ds Effect ns[kus ds fy, mu JavaScript Codes dks lh/ks gh bu Console esa fy[k ldrs gSa] ftlls le; dh cpr gksrh gSA lkFk gh dbZ ckj gekjs JavaScript Codes esa ,sls Bugs gksrs gSa] tks ;fn Web Page esa Embedded gksa] rks mUgsa Find djuk vklku ugha gksrkA ,sls esa bl izdkj ds Buggy Codes dks ge lh/ks gh bu Console esa fy[kdj Test dj ldrs gSa vkSj Codes ds iwjh rjg Debug gks tkus ij mUgsa eq[; Web Page esa Embed dj ldrs gSa] ftlls bl ckr dh Surety gks tkrh gS fd Web Browser ds Console esa vkius tks JavaScript Code fy[kdj Test fd;k gS] og iwjh rjg ls Bug Free gSA ;kuh ;s Console ewy :i ls JavaScript Codes dks Test o Debug djus esa gekjh dkQh enn djrs gSaA

Display Message in Console tc ge Console esa dksbZ Message ;k fdlh Variable vFkok Object dh Values dks Display djuk pkgrs gSa] rks gesa bl console Object ds log() Method dks Use djuk gksrk gS vkSj bl log() Method esa ge tks Hkh Variable ;k String (Text written in Single or Double Quote Pair) Specify djrs gSa] ml Variable esa Stored Value ;k String gesa Console Window ds Output esa fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, ;fn ge “Hello World” String dks Console Window esa Display djuk pkgsa] rks ge Console Interpreter esa fuEukuqlkj Code fy[kdj ,slk dj ldrs gSa% console.log("Hello World!"); tc ge ;s Code fy[kdj Enter Key Press djrs gSa] rks gesa fuEukuqlkj Output izkIr gksrk gS%


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JavaScript in Webpage mijksDr Section ds Discussion ls vc ge bl fLFkfr esa gSa fd fofHkUu Core JavaScript Codes dks Web Browser ds Developer Tools ds Console Window esa fy[kdj Test dj ldrs gSaA ysfdu pwafd bl iqLrd esa Web Browser gh gekjs JavaScript Codes dk Host Environment gS vkSj Web Browser esa gesa”kk Web Pages Load gksrs gSa] ftuesa JavaScript Codes dks Use djds ge Web Pages dks T;knk Interactive cukrs gSaA blfy, JavaScript dks fdlh Web Page ds lkFk fdl izdkj ls Use fd;k tkrk gS] bl ckr dks le>uk cgqr t:jh gSA iqLrd ds bl Section esa ge bl fo’k; esa tkusaxsA JavaScript dks HTML Document esa Use djus ds fy, gesa <script> Element dks Use djuk gksrk gSA lkekU;r% ge JavaScript dks nks rjhdksa ls HTML Web Page ls Link dj ldrs gSaA igys rjhds esa JavaScript Codes dks lh/ks gh HTML Web Page esa <script> Element ds chp Enclose fd;k tkrk gS tcfd nwljs rjhds esa lHkh JavaScript Codes dks ,d External File esa Specify fd;k tkrk gS vkSj dsoy ml JavaScript File dks HTML Document esa Link fd;k tkrk gSA

<script> Element tc ge fdlh JavaScript Code dks lh/ks gh vius HTML Page esa Embed djuk pkgrs gSa] rc Hkh ge <head> o <body> nksuksa LFkkuksa ij JavaScript Code dks Specify dj ldrs gSaA tc ge HTML Document ds Head ;k Body esa dksbZ JavaScript Code Specify djrs gSa] rks og JavaScript Code Web Page ds Web Browser esa Render gksrs le; gh Run gks tkrk gSA tcfd fdlh JavaScript Code dks fdlh External File esa Store djus ij ,slk ugha gksrk vkSj gesa External JavaScript File ds fofHkUu JavaScript Codes dks HTML Document esa fdlh u fdlh Event ds Response esa Call djuk iMrk gSA fdlh JavaScript Code dks lh/ks gh HTML Page esa Embed djus ds fy, gesa <script> Element dks fuEukuqlkj Specify djuk gksrk gS% <!DOCTYPE html> <html>


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<head> <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"> <title>My JavaScript</title> <script> alert("I am directly running from HEAD element.\n When the page renders in the Browser"); </script> </head> <body> <script> alert("Now I am directly running from BODY element.\n While the page is still rendering in the Browser"); </script> </body> </html> pwafd HTML5 esa JavaScript dks Client Side Scripting Language ds :i esa iw.kZ ekU;rk fey xbZ gS] blfy, gesa <script> Element esa fdlh vkSj Attribute dks Specify djus dh t:jr ugha gS cfYd ge lh/ks gh mijksDr Code vuqlkj fdlh JavaScript Code dks <script> Element ds chp Enclose dj ldrs gSaA

tc Web Page dks Render fd;k tkrk gS] rc lcls igys mijksDr fp=kuqlkj HTML Page dk Head Section Render gksrk gS vkSj gesa mijksDr Dialog Box fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA vki fp= ds Address Bar esa ns[k ldrs gSa fd vHkh Hkh Web Page iwjh rjg ls Load ugha gqvk gS] D;ksafd bl Alert Dialog Box dks tc rd Close ugha fd;k tk,xk] rc rd Web Page vkxs Render ugha gksxkA


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tSls gh ge igys Alert Dialog Box ds OK Button ij Click djrs gSa] ,d vkSj Alert Dialog Box Display gksrk gS] tks fd geus HTML Document dh Body esa Specify fd;k FkkA vHkh Hkh vki mijksDr fp= ds Address Bar dks ns[k ldrs gSa] ftlesa gekjk Web Page yxHkx vk/kk Render gks pqdk gS] ysfdu iwjh rjg ls rHkh Render gksxk] tc ge bl Body Element ds Alert Dialog Box dks Hkh Close dj nsaxsA bl rjg ls ge fdlh HTML Document esa Inline JavaScript Codes dks Head o Body esa Specify dj ldrs gSaA fdlh HTML Document ds vUnj fdlh JavaScript Code dks Specify djus ij og JavaScript Code Hkh HTML Code dh rjg Top to Bottom o Left to Right Flow gksrk gS vkSj lkFk gh lkFk Interpret Hkh gksrk jgrk gSA ftldh otg ls lHkh Executable JavaScript Codes Execute Hkh gksrs jgrs gSaA ;kuh Inline JavaScript Codes iwjs Web Page ds Web Browser esa Load gksus dk Wait ugha djrs cfYd Sequential Form esa Execute gksrs jgrs gSaA tc ge fdlh JavaScript Code dks fdlh External JavaScript File esa Store j[krs gSa vkSj fQj ml File dks vius HTML Document esa Link djuk pkgrs gSa] rc Hkh gesa <script> Element dk gh iz;kssx djuk gksrk gS] ysfdu bl ckj gesa fuEukuqlkj <script> Element ds src Attribute esa ml JavaScript File ds URL dks Specify djuk gksrk gS] ftls ge gekjs Current HTML Document ds lkFk Link djuk pkgrs gSaA  <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"> <title>My JavaScript</title> <script src="myJS.js"></script> </head> <body> </body> </html>

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//myJS.js alert("I am from External JavaScript File."); mijksDr Code vuqlkj ge gekjs HTML Document esa myJS.js uke dh External JavaScript File dks Link dj jgs gSa vkSj External JavaScript File esa geus mijksDr Code vuqlkj ,d Alert Message Specify fd;k gSA bl ckj tc ge gekjs Web Page dks Render djrs gSa] rc Hkh mijksDr JavaScript Code gesa gekjs Web Page esa fuEukuqlkj ,d Alert Dialog Box ds lkFk fn[kkbZ nsrk gS%

tSlkfd mijksDr fp= ds Address Bar esa ns[k ldrs gSa fd vHkh Hkh Web Page iwjh rjg ls Web Browser esa Load ugha gqvk gS vkSj geus tks Code External JavaScript File esa fy[kk gS] og Code Run gks jgk gS vkSj gesa ,d Alert Dialog Box fn[kkbZ ns jgk gSA ,slk blhfy, gks jgk gS] D;ksafd Web Page gesa”kk Top to Bottom Render gksrk gS vkSj tSls gh Web Browser dks dksbZ Script ;k Link Element feyrk gS] Web Browser ml Link okys Resource ij igqap tkrk gS vkSj mls Web Browser dh Memory esa Download djuk “kq: dj nsrk gSA pwafd JavaScript Codes Web Browser ds fy, Executable Codes gksrs gSa] blfy, JavaScript Code esa Specified Alert Function Execute gks tkrk gS vkSj gesa mijksDr fp=kuqlkj Alert Dialog Box fn[kkbZ nsus yxrk gSA /;ku j[kus okyh ckr ;s gS fd Head Element esa ftu Scripts ;k Stylesheet Files dks Link djus ds fy, <script> ;k <link> Element dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] tc rd mu Resources ds lHkh Codes Web Browser esa Download ugha gks tkrs] rc rd Web Browser vkxs ugha c<rkA ;kuh tc rd ge mijksDr fp= esa fn[kk, x, Alert Dialog Box ds OK Button ij Click ugha djrs] rc rd gekjk Web Page vkxs ugha c<rk vkSj Web Browser esa Render ugha gksrkA


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pwafd JavaScript dk dke gesa”kk iwjk Web Page Load gks tkus ds ckn “kq: gksrk gS] blfy, fdlh JavaScript File dks dHkh Hkh Web Page ds Head esa Link ugha djuk pkfg,] cfYd iwjk HTML Document Specify djus ds ckn Closing Body Element ls Just igys <script> Element dk iz;ksx djds External JavaScript File dks Link djuk pkfg,A External JavaScript File dks bl izdkj ls HTML Document ls Link djus ds nks Qk;ns gSaA igyk Qk;nk ;s gS fd tc rd HTML Document iwjh rjg ls Render ugha gks tkrk] rc rd JavaScript File Web Browser esa Download ugha gksrh] tks fd fcYdqy lgh O;oLFkk gS D;ksafd JavaScript og vfUre File gksuh pkfg,] ftls Web Browser esa Load gksuk pkfg,A nwljk Qk;nk ;s gS fd Web Page User ds lkeus tYnh Render gksrk gSA ;fn ge Scripts dks Head Element esa Link djsa] rks tc rd iwjh Script Web Browser esa Download ugha gks tk,xh] rc rd Web Page vkxs Render ugha gksxkA blfy, Head Element esa JavaScript File dks Link djus ij User dks yxrk gS Web Page dkQh cMk gS ;k Web Site dkQh Slow gS] blfy, lkekU;r% User vkidh Site ls Skip dj ldrk gS] tks fd vPNh ckr ugha gSA Performance dh n`f’V ls Yahoo, Google, Facebook, Bing, Apple vkfn lHkh cMh dEifu;ka blh rjg ls fofHkUu JavaScript Files dks vius Web Page esa Specify djrh gSaA gkykafd ;s lukru lR; fu;e ugha gS vkSj vki viuh Script dks Head ;k Body esa dgha Hkh Link dj ldrs gSaA ysfdu fQj Hkh fdlh Hkh Script File dks gesa”kk fuEukuqlkj Closing Body Element ls Just igys Specify djus ij Web Page T;knk rsth ls Web Browser esa Render gksrk gSA  <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"> <title>My JavaScript</title> </head> <body>   <script src="myJS.js"></script> </body> </html> tc ge fdlh External JavaScript File dks vius HTML Document esa Link djuk pkgrs gSa] rc ;s t:jh ugha gksrk gS fd gekjh External JavaScript File dk Extension .js gh gksA Web Browser dHkh Hkh fdlh Resource dk Extension Check ugha djrkA bl otg ls ge fdlh Script Element esa fdlh Text File dks Hkh Specify dj ldrs gSa] ysfdu “krZ cl ;s gS fd ml External File dk pkgs tks Hkh Extension gks] mlesa Code gesa”kk JavaScript ds gh gksus pkfg,A

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mnkgj.k ds fy, ;fn ge gekjs mijksDr Example Code esa myJS.js File dk uke cnydj fuEukuqlkj myJS.txt dj nsa] rks Hkh gekjk Web Browser bl File ds Code dks Hkh fiNys Example dh rjg gh Run djsxk vkSj gesa fn[kkbZ nsus okys Output esa fdlh rjg dks dksbZ QdZ ugha vk,xkA  <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"> <title>My JavaScript</title> <script src="myJS.txt"></script> </head> <body> </body> </html> //myJS.txt alert("I am from External JavaScript File."); tc ge fdlh <script> Element esa fdlh External Source File dks Specify djrs gSa] rc gesa ml Script Element ds chp fdlh rjg dk dksbZ JavaScript Code Specify ugha djuk pkfg,A tSls% <script src="myJS.txt"> alert("Hi, It’s not right way to write Inline JavaScript Code"); </script> mijksDr Script Code esa geus ,d External JavaScript Code File dks Specify fd;k gS lkFk gh bl Element ds chp Inline JavaScript Code Hkh Specify fd;k] tks fd xyr gSA ;fn gesa Inline Code Specify djuk gh gks] rks gesa ;s dke fuEukuqlkj djuk gksrk gS% <script src="myJS.txt"></script> <script> alert("Hi, It’s not right way to write Inline JavaScript Code"); </script> JavaScript dh ,d lcls cMh fo”ks’krk ;s gS fd ge ftl rjg ls fdlh External Domain ls fdlh Image dks viuh Web Browser esa Import dj ldrs gSa] mlh rjg ls ge fdlh vU; Domain ij Specified JavaScript Codes dks Hkh viuh Web Site ds fy, Use dj ldrs gSa vkSj tc ge ,slk djrs gSa] rc ml External Domain ij Specified External JavaScript mlh rjg ls gekjs Web Page ds fy, Execute gksrk gS] ftl rjg gekjs Lo;a ds Domain ij Specified JavaScript File ds Codes Executable gksrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, ;fn ge Google ds CDN ij Places jQuery dh JavaScript File dks vius Web Page esa mi;ksx esa ysuk pkgsa] rks gesa dsoy fuEukuqlkj <script> Element esa src Attribute dks jQuery dh JavaScript File ds Path ls Associate djuk gksxk vkSj fcuk ml

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JavaScript File dks vius Web Server ij Place fd, gq,] ge ml JavaScript File ds lHkh Functions dks vius Web Page ds fy, Use dj ldrs gSa% <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.3/jquery.min.js"> </script> vc lcls egRoiw.kZ ckr vkSj oks ;s gS fd gkykafd ge fdlh Hkh HTML Document esa Page Level Inline JavaScript dks Use dj ldrs gSa] ysfdu gesa ,slk ugha djuk pkfg,A pkgs ,d gh Line dk JavaScript Code D;ksa u gks] gesa gesa”kk ,d External JavaScript File Create djuh pkfg, vkSj ml External File esa gh vius JavaScript Codes dks fy[kuk pkfg,A External File ds cgqr lkjs Qk;ns gSaA lcls igyh ckr rks ;s gS fd ftl rjg ls HTML ds Structure o Style dks ,d nwljs ds lkFk Mix ugha djuk pkfg, mlh rjg ls HTML ds Structure o Behavior dks Hkh ,d nwljs ds lkFk Mix ugha djuk pkfg,A ;kuh ,d Web Page ds lHkh Front Parts (HTML, CSS, JavaScript) vkfn dks vyx&vyx gh j[kuk pkfg,A ,slk djus dk eq[; Qk;nk ;s gS fd ge gekjh Web Site dks T;knk csgrj rjhds ls Maintain dj ldrs gSaA gekjk gekjh Web Site ij T;knk Control gksrk gS vkSj ge JavaScript File ds fdlh Hkh ,d Function esa Change ;k Modification djds mldk izHkko Web Site ds lHkh Web Pages ij Apply dj ldrs gSa] tcfd Internal JavaScript Codes gksus dh fLFkfr esa gesa ,d&,d Web Page dks Open djds mlesa Modification djuk gkssxkA pwafd JavaScript File, Images o CSS File dh rjg Web Browser esa Cache gksrh gSa] blfy, tc igyh ij gekjh Web Site dks Open fd;k tkrk gS] rHkh gekjh lHkh JavaScript Files, User ds Web Browser esa Save gks tkrh gSa vkSj tc User gekjh Web Site ds vU; Pages dks Open djrk gS] rc os Web Pages dkQh rsth ls Open gksrs gSa D;ksafd mu Web Pages ls Associated JavaScript File igys ls gh Web Browser esa ekStwn gksrh gSaA ;kuh External JavaScript Files Use djus ij gekjh Web Site T;knk Fast gks tkrh gSA tcfd Inline JavaScript dk iz;ksx djus ij gj Web Page ds Load gksus ij gj ckj JavaScript Code Hkh Web Browser esa Load gksrk gS] Hkys gh lHkh JavaScript Codes leku gh D;ksa u gksA bl fLFkfr esa Inline JavaScript Codes dks Use djus ij Web Page dh Speed Slow gks tkrh gSA rhljk ,d vkSj Qk;nk ;s gS fd Inline JavaScript Use djus ij gesa t:jr ds vuqlkj fofHkUu izdkj ds Symbol Encodings dks Use djuk iMrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, JavaScript Codes esa “<” ;k “>” bu Comparison Symbols dks ;fn Inline JavaScript esa Use djuk iMs] rks gesa buds LFkku ij “<” ;k “>” Codes dk iz;ksx djuk iMrk gSA vFkok gesa CDATA Element dk iz;ksx djuk iMrk gS] tcfd External Files esa ,slh dksbZ Restrictions ugha gksrh gSaA

<noscript> Element dbZ ckj fdUgha dkj.kksa ls User ds Web Browser esa JavaScript Disabled jgrk gSA bl fLFkfr esa ge JavaScript ds tks Hkh Codes fy[krs gSa] os Codes viuk dksbZ Effect iznf”kZr ugha djrsA


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,sls esa ge bl Element dk iz;ksx djds User dks bl ckr dh tkudkjh ns ldrs gSa fd mldk Web Browser JavaScript dks Support ugha dj jgk gS blfy, ;k rks og vius Web Browser esa JavaScript dks Enable djs vFkok fdlh nwljs Web Browser esa Web Site dks Open djsA bl t:jr dks ge lkekU;r% HTML ds <noscript> Element dk iz;ksx djds iwjk djrs gSaA <noscript> Element dks Web Page esa fuEukuqlkj Use fd;k tkrk gS%  <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"> <title>My JavaScript</title> <script src="myJS.txt"></script> </head> <body> <noscript> <p> This Web Page requires JavaScript Enabled Web Browser. </p> </noscript> </body> </html> <noscript> Element dks gesa”kk Body Element ds chp gh Use fd;k tkrk gS vkSj bl Element esa ge fdlh Hkh HTML Element dks Use dj ldrs gSaA bl Element ds chp Enclosed Content flQZ vkSj flQZ nks fLFkfr;ksa esa gh User dks fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa%

1 tc User dk Web Browser JavaScript dks Support ugha djrkA 2 tc User ds Web Browser esa JavaScript dks Disabled fd;k x;k gksrk gSA

fdlh Hkh vU; fLFkfr esa User dks <noscript> Element ds chp Enclosed Content fn[kkbZ ugha nsrkA

Object Oriented Programming System Fundamental JavaScript ,d Object Oriented Programming Language gSA blfy, Object Oriented Programming System ds Fundamental dks le>s fcuk ge JavaScript dks csgrj rjhds ls ugha le> ldrsA blfy, igys ge Object Oriented Programming System ds Basic Elements dks le>us dh dksf”k”k djsaxs] tks fd fuEukuqlkj gSa%

1 Object (Method and Property) 2 Class 3 Encapsulation 4 Aggregation and Composition 5 Reusability or Inheritance 6 Polymorphism

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Objects nqfu;ka dh fdlh Hkh oLrq (Physical or Logical) dks ge Object eku ldrs gSaA Object okLro esa fdlh pht dk ,d Representation gksrk gS vkSj bl Representation dks fdlh Programming Language dh enn ls Express fd;k tkrk gSA Object dqN Hkh gks ldrk gSA ;s dksbZ Physical Car gks ldrk gS vFkok dksbZ Logical Bank A/c gks ldrk gSA ;kuh ge fdlh Hkh pht dks ,d Object eku ldrs gSaA gj Object Basically nks ewy Hkwr phtksa dk cuk gksrk gS] ftUgsa Properties o Methods ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA ;kuh nqfu;ka ds gj Object dh dqN Characteristics gks ldrh gSa] ftUgsa mldh Appearance o Stat ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA tSls Height, Width, Length, Color, Name vkfnA tcfd nqfu;ka dj gj Object fdlh u fdlh rjg dk Action Perform djrk gSA Object }kjk Perform fd, tk ldus okys Actions dks Object dk Method dgrs gSaA tSls mBuk] cSBuk] pyuk] xk;c gksuk vkfnA ;fn ge Object dks ,d Analogy }kjk le>us dh dksf”k”k djsa] rks Book ,d Object gSA Book ds Pages dh la[;k] Author dk uke] Book dh Price vkfn Book dh Properties gSa vkSj Book dks [kjhnk tk ldrk gS] cspk tk ldrk gS] vkfn ml Book ds Methods gks ldrs gSaA ;fn Programming Language dh Hkk’kk esa le>sa rks Window, Menubar, Toolbar, Button vkfn lHkh Objects ds mnkgj.k gSaA bu lHkh Object dh dqN u dqN Properties gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, Button ,d Object gS vkSj Button ij fn[kkbZ nsus okyk uke] ml Object dh ,d Property gSA tcfd Button dks Click djus ij Button ij fn[kkbZ nsus okys uke dk Change gks tkuk] Button dk ,d Method gS tcfd Click gksuk ,d Operating System Event gSA

Class nqfu;ka ds lHkh Object fdlh u fdlh ,d Group ls lacaf/kr gksrs gSaA ;kuh ge nqfu;ka ds lHkh Objects dks Categorized dj ldrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, nks iSjksa ij pyus okys thoksa dks ge Human Being Class dk Object eku ldrs gSa tcfd pkj iSjksa okys thoksa dks ge Animal Class dk Object eku ldrs gSaA ;kuh Class okLro esa ,d Blueprint ;k Description ;k Prototype ;k Modal gksrk gS vkSj ml Prototype ;k Modal dks Follow djus okyh lHkh phtsa ml Class dk Object gksrs gSaA Object dk nwljk uke Instance Hkh gS] blfy, ;fn ge pkgsa rks ,slk Hkh dg ldrs gSa fd Rohan uke dk O;fDr Human Being Class dk Object gS D;ksafd mlesa Human Being Class dh Description ds lkjs Features gSaA ;k fQj ge Rohan dks Human Being Class dk Instance Hkh dg ldrs gSaA


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Class okLro esa ,d izdkj dk Description ;k Blueprint ek= gksrk gSA blfy, ,d ckj Class Define dj ysus ds ckn ge ml Class ds ftrus pkgsa mrus Object ;k Instance Create dj ldrs gSaA Bhd mlh rjg ls ftl rjg ls ge fdlh ?kj dk Blueprint Create dj ysus ds ckn ml Blueprint ds vk/kkj ij ftrus pkgsa mrus ,d leku ?kj Create dj ldrs gSaA pwafd Object Oriented Programming System dsoy ,d Concept gS vkSj bl Concept dks ftl Programming Language esa Implement fd;k tkrk gS] ml Programming Language dks Object Oriented Programming Language dgk tkrk gSA ysfdu bldk eryc ;s ugha gS fd lHkh Object Oriented Programming Languages ,d leku OOPS Pattern dks Follow djsaA blhfy, JavaScript ftl Object Oriented Programming Pattern dks Follow djrk gS] mls Prototypes Pattern ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS vkSj bl Pattern esa Bhd mlh rjg dh Class Create ugha gksrh gS] tSlh Classical Object Oriented Programming Languages C++ o Java esa gksrh gSA cfYd JavaScript esa gj Object fdlh nwljs Object ds vk/kkj ij curk gS D;ksafd ,d Object ds lHkh Features cuus okys gj u, Object esa gksrs gSaA blfy, ftl Object ds vk/kkj ij u;k Object Create gksrk gS] ml ewy Object dks lHkh vU; Object ds Prototype ds :i esa Represent fd;k tkrk gSA ;kuh C++ ;k Java tSlh Languages esa ge ,d Class Create djrs gSa vkSj fQj ml Class dk Instance Create djrs gSa] tks fd Object dks Represent djrk gSA tcfd JavaScript esa ge ,d Object Create djrs gSa vkSj fQj ml Object dk ,d u;k Instance Create djrs gSa tks fd Bhd oSlk gh Object gksrk gS] tSlk igyk okyk Object FkkA ;kuh JavaScript esa ,d Object fdlh nwljs Object ds fy, Blueprint ;k Description ;k Class ;k Prototype ;k Modal dk dke djrk gSA

Encapsulation ;s OOPS dk ,d ,slk Concept gS ftlesa bl ckr dks Represent fd;k tkrk gS fd ,d Object okLro esa Properties o Methods ds Combination dk ,d Unit gksrk gSA ;kuh nqfu;ka dk dksbZ Hkh Object ,slk ugha gks ldrk] ftlds dsoy Characteristics gksa vkSj Methods u gksaA ;kuh Object dh Appearance o Stat gks ysfdu og Object dqN dke u djrk gksA ljy “kCnksa esa dgsa rks nqfu;k ds gj Object dh dqN u dqN Properties gksrh gSa vkSj gj Object dqN u dqN dke djrk gSA Object dh Properties dks ge Object dk Data dg ldrs gSa tcfd Object vius Data ij ftu Operations dks Perform dj ldrk gS] mu Operations dks ge Object dk Method dg ldrs gSaA pwafd dksbZ Hkh Object gesa”kk Properties o Methods ;kuh Data o Data ij Perform gksus okys Operations nksuksa dk ,d Combined Unit gksrk gSA blfy, Programming Language esa Hkh Object dh Properties o Methods dks ,d Unit ds :i esa Define fd;k tkrk gSA fdlh Object dh Properties o Methods dks ,d Unit ds :i esa Define djus dh izfØ;k dks Encapsulation dgk tkrk gSA ;kuh Encapsulation dks Programming Term ds :i esa ge fuEukuqlkj Specify dj ldrs gSa%


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1 Data (Stored in Properties) 2 Operations to Perform on Data (Methods)

OOPS Based Object Oriented Programming Languages esa Encapsulation djus dk ewy mÌs”; Data Hiding djuk gksrk gS] rkfd fdlh Object ds Data ij dsoy mlh Object ds Methods Operation Perform dj ldsaA

Aggregation or Composition tc cgqr lkjs Objects dks vkil esa t:jr ds vuqlkj Combine djds ,d u;k Object Create fd;k tkrk gS] rks bl izfØ;k dks Object Oriented Programming System esa Aggregation ;k Composition dgk tkrk gSA Aggregation ,d ,slh izfØ;k gS] ftlesa fdlh leL;k ls lacaf/kr fofHkUu Objects dks dbZ NksVs&NksVs Objects esa Divide dj fn;k tkrk gS] rkfd mUgsa Manage o Develop djuk vklku jgsA fQj mu lHkh Objects dks vkil esa Combine djds Problem dks csgrj rjhds ls Solve fd;k tkrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, ,d Computer System cgqr lkjs Units tSls fd Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, Micro Processor, RAM, Motherboard vkfn dk cuk gqvk Complex Unit gSA gkykafd ge Computer System dks ,d Single Object ds :i esa Identify djrs gSaA ysfdu Internally ;s cgqr lkjs vU; NksVs&NksVs Objects dk Combination gksrk gSA ;gh gS Aggregation ;k Composition, ftlesa cgqr lkjs Lora= Unit ;k Objects vkil esa feydj ,d T;knk Complex Object Define djus esa l{ke gksrs gSaA

Inheritance or Reusability Inheritance ,d ,slh izfØ;k gS] ftldks Use djds ge leku izdkj ds Codes ckj&ckj Create djus ds ctk; mUgsa ,d ckj Create djds ckj&ckj Reuse djus esa l{ke gks ikrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, ;fn ge ,d Watch Object Create djus ds fy, Code fy[krs gSaa] ftlesa dsoy Hour o Minutes dks Handle fd;k tkrk gS vkSj Hkfo’; esa gesa ,sls Watch Object dh t:jr iMrh gS] ftlesa Hour o Minutes ds lkFk Seconds dks Hkh Handle djuk gSA rks gesa iwjk Code fQj ls fy[kus dh t:jr ugha gksrh gSA cfYd Hour o Minutes dks Handle djus dh Functionality dks ge fiNys Codes dks T;ksa dk R;ksa Reuse djrs gq, izkIr dj ysrs gSa vkSj gesa dsoy Seconds dks Manage djus ds fy, gh u;k Code fy[kus dh t:jr iMrh gSA bl izdkj ds Coding Pattern dks izkIr djus dh lqfo/kk gesa Object Oriented Programming System ds Inheritance ;k Reusability Concept ls izkIr gksrh gSA Classical Object Oriented Programming Language esa ge Class dks Inherit djds ;s lqfo/kk izkIr djrs gSaA ysfdu pwafd JavaScript Prototype Pattern Based Object Oriented Programming Language gS] blfy, blesa ;s lqfo/kk izkIr djus ds fy, gesa ,d Object dks fdlh nwljs Object ls Inherit djuk iMrk gSA


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Polymorphism “Single Statement Multiple Form” Polymorphism dks Represent djus dk One Line Statement gSA bl Concept ds vUrxZr fofHkUu izdkj dh Classes ds Objects ds fy, leku Methods dks Call fd;k tkrk gSA ysfdu lHkh Objects ds fy, mudh Class ds Methods Call gksrs gSaA ;kuh Program esa Create fd, tkus okys fofHkUu Class ds Objects ds fy, Call fd, tkus okys Methods dk uke rks leku gksrk gSA ysfdu tc Object ds fy, Dot Operator dk iz;ksx djrs gq, leku uke ds Method dks Call fd;k tkrk gS] rks Object ftl Class dk gksrk gS] ml Object ds fy, mlh Class dk Method Call gksrk gS u fd fdlh nwljs Object dh Class dkA bl izdkj ls ,d gh Program Code Statement vyx&vyx Object ds fy, vyx&vyx ifjfLFkfr esa vyx&vyx Method dks Call djrk gSA bl izfØ;k dks Polymorphism dgk tkrk gSA ;fn ge mijksDr lHkh Concepts dks ,d lkekU; mnkgj.k }kjk le>us dh dksf”k”k djsa] rks bl izdkj ls le> ldrs gSa fd ekuyks % Rahul ,d O;fDr (Object) gSA Object Rahul dk Date of Birth 10 Jan 1980] jax xksjk] otu 60KG gSA

Properties

Rahul py ldrk gS] ckr dj ldrk gS] lks ldrk gSA Methods Rahul Programmer Class dk ,d Instance gSA Class Pattern

(in Classical OOP) Rahul Programmer Object ij vk/kkfjr nwljk Object gSA ;kuh tks Rohit gS ogh Rahul gS] tcfd Rohit ,d Programmer gS] blfy, Rahul Hkh Programmer gSA

Prototype Pattern (in Prototype OOP)

Rahul dh ,d Date of Birth (Data) gSa] ftlds vk/kkj ij og viuh mez Calculate (Method) djrk gSA

Encapsulation

Rahul viuh mez dSls Calculate djrk gS] bldh tkudkjh Rahul ds vykok fdlh dks ugha gS] D;ksafd Rahul dh Date of Birth dsoy Rahul dks gh irk gSA

Data Hiding

Rahul Web Development Team Object dk fgLlk gS] ftlesa Rajesh vkSj Mukesh Hkh dke djrs gSaA

Aggregation Composition

Rahul, Rajesh and Mukesh rhuks Person Object ij vk/kkfjr gSaA

Inheritance

Rahul:Talk, Rajesh:Talk o Mukesh:Talk ds :i esa ge rhu vyx Person Object ds fy, Talk uke dk leku Method Call dj ldrs gSaA ysfdu ge ftl Object ds lkFk bl Method dks Call djrs gSa] og Object Talk ;kuh ckr djrk gSA

Polymorphism Method Overriding

mijksDr lHkh Concepts, Object Oriented Programming System ds Concepts gSaA ;fn mijksDr lkjka”k lkj.kh ls Hkh vkidks Object Oriented Programming System dk Basic


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Concepts Bhd ls le> esa u vk, gksa] rks bu Concepts dks csgrj rjhds ls le>us ds fy, vki gekjh vU; iqLrdsa “C++ Programming Language in Hindi” o “Java Programming Language in Hindi” dks i< ldrs gSaA bu nksuksa iqLrdksa esa Object Oriented Programming System dks cgqr gh Detail esa le>k;k x;k gSA


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bom

browSer obJect model


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BOM – THE BROWSER OBJECT MODEL gkykafd gj Web Browser esa ,d JavaScript Engine gksrk gS] tks JavaScript Codes dks Process o Interpret djrk gS] fQj Hkh gekjk JavaScript Program dHkh Hkh Web Browser ls Directly Interact ugha dj ldrk] cfYd JavaScript gesa Objects dk ,d ,slk Collection Provide djrk gS] tks fd gekjs JavaScript Program o Web Browser ds chp Intermediary dh rjg dke djrs gSaA ;kuh gesa gekjs Web Browser ds lkFk tc Hkh dksbZ Interaction djuk gksrk gS] rks ge gekjs Web Browser dks JavaScript }kjk Directly Access ugha djrs cfYd ge JavaScript }kjk Provided fdlh Appropriate Object ds lkFk Interaction djrs gSa vkSj og Object vius Web Browser ds lkFk Interact djrk gSA Objects ds blh Collection dks BOM ;k Browser Object Model dgk tkrk gS] ftudk eq[; Objective, Web Browser o JavaScript ds chp ,d Simple o Consistent Interface Provide djuk ek= gksrk gSA tSlkfd geus igys Hkh dgk gS fd JavaScript ewy :i ls rhu fgLlksa dk cuk gqvk gSA igyk fgLlk Core ECMAScript dk gS] nwljk fgLlk DOM dk gS o rhljk fgLlk BOM dk gS vkSj BOM, JavaScript dk og fgLlk gS] tks JavaScript dks Web Browser ds lkFk Interact djus dh lqfo/kk iznku djrk gSA ysfdu ,d JavaScript Developer ds fy, BOM gh lcls T;knk ijs”kkuh iSnk djus okyk fgLlk Hkh gS D;ksafd BOM dk dksbZ Standard cuus ls igys gh Web Browsers cukus okyh Companies us vius Web Browsers cuk fn, Fks vkSj lHkh Companies us vius Web Browser dks viuh lqfo/kkuqlkj vyx&vyx Patterns o Technology dk iz;ksx djrs gq, Develop fd;k FkkA ftldk ifj.kke ;s gqvk fd ,d Standard Web Browser (BOM) dSlk gksuk pkfg,] bl fo’k; esa dksbZ Standard cuus ls igys gh BOM cu pqdk FkkA vr% Web Browsers (BOM) cuus ds ckn esa BOM dk Standard Develop ugha fd;k tk ldrk FkkA D;ksafd ,slk djus ij lHkh Companies dks vius iqjkus Web Browsers dks fQj ls iwjh rjg ls Change djuk iMrk] tks fd lEHko ugha FkkA blfy, BOM (Web Browsers) dk dksbZ Specific Standard ugha cu ik;kA ifj.kkeLo:i vkt Hkh fofHkUu Web Browsers ds BOM vkil esa iwjh rjg ls ,d nwljs ds Compatible ugha gSaA ftldh otg ls tc ge JavaScript dk iz;ksx djrs gq, Web Browser ;kuh BOM ls Interact djrs gSa] rc vyx&vyx Web Browsers esa leku Functionality izkIr djus ds fy, Hkh gesa vyx&vyx izdkj ds Codes fy[kus iMrs gSaA ge Web Browser dks gh BOM (Browser Object Model) Hkh dg ldrs gSaA ;kuh BOM o Web Browser nks vyx phtsa ugha gSa cfYd ,d gh pht ds nks vyx uke gSaA blfy, iqLrd ds bl Section esa ge fofHkUu Companies }kjk Develop fd, x, Web Browsers ds Model ds Common Objects ds ckjs esa tkusaxsA gkykafd fofHkUu Companies us vius Web Browser esa cgqr lkjs ,sls Features Add fd, gSa] tks fd dsoy mlh Company ds Web Browser esa Available gSaA ysfdu ge mu Specific Features ds ckjs esa ppkZ ugha djsaxs D;ksafd ge tc Hkh dksbZ Web Site Create djrs gSa] rks ge ;gh pkgrs gSa fd ml Web Site dk gj Web Page lHkh Web Browsers esa ,d leku fn[kkbZ ns o ,d leku :i ls Behave djsA


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blfy, ;fn ge fdlh Particular Company ds Web Browser ds Specific Features dks Use djrs gq, vius Web Page esa dksbZ Functionality Add djsaxs] rks og Functionality dsoy mlh Web Browser esa Reflect gksxh vU; esa ughaA gkykafd yxHkx lHkh Web Browsers dks vyx&vyx Companies, Organizations ;k Individuals us Create fd;k gS] ysfdu fQj Hkh lHkh Web Browsers dk BOM dqN gn rd leku gSa] ftUgsa ge fuEukuqlkj ,d Tree Structure ds :i esa Represent dj ldrs gSa%


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tSlkfd ge mijksDr fp= esa ns[k ldrs gSa fd window Object iwjs BOM ;kuh Web Browser dk Top Level Object gSA nwljs “kCnksa esa dgsa] rks window Object gekjs Current Web Browser ds Window dks Represent djrk gSA ;kuh ge gekjs Web Browser esa JavaScript ds ek/;e ls tks Hkh Functionality izkIr djuk pkgrs gSa] os lHkh Functionality gesa window Object ds ek/;e ls gh izkIr gksrh gSa D;ksafd window Object fdlh Hkh Web Browser dk Root Object gksrk gSA window Object fdlh Hkh Web Browser ds fdlh Instance dks Represent djrk gSA ;kuh ;fn ge ,d gh Web Browser esa dbZ Tabbed Windows Open djsa] rks gj Tabbed Window ,d window Instance gksrk gSA window Object fdlh Web Browser esa nks dke djrk gSA igyk Web Browser ds lkFk JavaScript Interface dh rjg vkSj nwljk Core JavaScript ;kuh ECMAScript Global Object dh rjgA ;kuh fdlh Web Page esa Define fd;k x;k gj Object, Variable o Function] Web Browser ds bl window Object dks ,d Global Object dh rjg Use djrk gSA nwljs “kCnksa esa dgsa] rks Global Object dks ge Program dk Global Scope Hkh dg ldrs gSaA

Global Scope ;kuh tc ge gekjs JavaScript Program esa dksbZ ,slk Object, Variable ;k Function Create djrs gSa] tks fd Current Web Page ds fdlh Hkh fgLls ds fy, Accessible jgrk gS] rks bl izdkj ds Variable, Object ;k Function dks Global Variable, Global Object ;k Global Function dgk tk ldrk gS vkSj bl izdkj ds lHkh Variables, Objects o Functions, window Object dh Properties o Methods dh rjg window Object ls Associate gks tkrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, JavaScript esa tc Hkh ge dksbZ Variable Create djuk pkgrs gSa] rks ge var Keyword dk iz;ksx djrs gq, fuEu Statement Use djrs gSa% var age = 31; ;fn ge fdlh Variable dks fdlh Function ;k Object dh Body ds vUnj Declare djus ds vykok] iwjh JavaScript File esa dgha Hkh Declare djrs gSa] rks og Variable ,d izdkj ls Global Variable dh rjg Declare gksrk gS] ftls Current Web Page esa dgha Hkh mi;ksx esa fy;k tk ldrk gSA og Global Variable, Current Web Page ds fdlh Hkh fgLls esa fy[ks x, JavaScript Code ds fy, miyC/k jgrk gS] D;ksafd okLro esa og Global Variable gesa”kk window Object dh Property cu tkrk gSA blfy, tc rd Current Window Memory esa Loaded jgrk gS rc rd og Variable Hkh Window esa Loaded Current Web Page ds fy, Globally Available jgrk gSA pwafd ,d Object okLro esa Properties o Methods dk Encapsulated Unit gksrk gS] blfy, Object dh Property o Method dks Use djus ds fy, gesa Dot ( . ) Operator dks Use djuk iMrk gSA


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Bhd blh izdkj ls window Hkh ,d Object gS vkSj ;fn ge ;s tkuuk pkgrs gSa fd mijksDr Statement ds ek/;e ls gekjs }kjk Create fd;k x;k age uke dk Variable, window Object dh Property cuk ;k ugha] rks bl ckr dh tkudkjh izkIr djus ds fy, ge window Object ds lkFk Dot Operator dk iz;ksx djrs gq, age uke ds Variable dks Specify dj ldrs gSaA ;kuh ge window.age Statement dks console.log() esa Specify djds bl ckr dk irk yxk ldrs gSa fd window Object dh age Property esa dksbZ eku gS ;k ugha ;fn age uke dk Variable okLro esa window Object dh Property cuk gksxk] rks mlesa Stored eku console.log() Statement }kjk Output esa Display gks tk,xk] ysfdu ;fn ,slk ugha gqvk gksxk] rks console.log() Method Output ds :i esa “undefined” “kCn Display djsxk] tks bl ckr dk Signal gksrk gS fd ge window Object dh fdlh ,slh Property dks Access djus dh dksf”k”k dj jgs gSa] tks fd Exist ugha gSA Global Scope dh bl Functionality dks le>us ds fy, ge Firebug Console esa fuEu Code fy[k ldrs gSa%

mijksDr fp= esa geus lcls igys console.log(window.age); Statement fy[kdj ;s tkuus dh dksf”k”k dh gS fd age uke dh Property igys ls window Object ds fy, Available gS ;k ughaA vkSj tSlkfd vki ns[k ldrs gSa fd bl Statement ds Run gksus ij gesa Return Value ds :i esa “undefined” eku izkIr gksrk gS] tks bl ckr dk Signal gS fd window Object ds fy, age uke dh Property igys ls Exist ugha gSA fQj geus var age = 31; Statement }kjk age uke dk ,d u;k Variable Create fd;k gSA pwafd age uke dk Variable Hkh igys ls Exist ugha gS] blfy, ;s Statement Execute gksus ds ckn Hkh gesa Return Value ds :i esa “undefined” eku izkIr gksrk gSA vUr esa geus fQj ls console.log(window.age); Statement fy[kdj ;s tkuus dh dksf”k”k dh gS fd age uke dh Property igys ls window Object ds fy, Available gS ;k ughaA vkSj tSlkfd vki ns[k ldrs gSa fd bl ckj gesa Output ds :i esa eku 31 izkIr gks jgk gS] tks age uke ds gekjs }kjk Create fd, x, Variable dk eku gSA


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bl eku dk Return gksuk blh ckr dks Indicate dj jgk gS fd vc age uke dk Variable, window Object dh Property cu x;k gSA vU;Fkk ;s Statement Execute gksus ij gesa fQj ls “undefined” eku izkIr gksrkA bl izdkj ls ;s ckr lkfcr gksrh gS fd ge JavaScript esa ftrus Hkh Variables, Objects o Functions Create djrs gSa] os lHkh window Object dh Properties o Methods curs gSa vkSj Web Browser esa Currently Loaded Web Page ds fy, Globally Available jgrs gSaA ,slk ugha gS fd ge ftu Hkh Variables, Objects ;k Functions dks Create djrs gSa] mu lHkh dks window.propertyName ;k window.methodName Statement }kjk gh Access dj ldrs gSaA ;fn ge pkgsa rks age uke ds Variable dks fuEukuqlkj fcuk window Object Specify fd, gq, Hkh Use dj ldrs gSa%

tSlkfd vki mijksDr fp= esa vki ns[k ldrs gSa fd ;fn ge console.log(age); Statement Use djrs gSa] rks fcuk window Object dks Specify fd, gq, Hkh ge age uke ds Variable dh Value dks izkIr dj ldrs gSaA ,slk blfy, gksrk gS] D;ksafd window Object ,d Global Object dks Represent djrk gS vkSj Global Scope ds lHkh Variables, Properties o Methods iwjs JavaScript Program esa Available jgrs gSaA blhfy, ge age uke ds Variable dks Directly Hkh Access dj ldrs gSa vkSj window Object dh Property ds :i esa Hkh Access dj ldrs gSaA /;ku j[kus okyh ckr ;s gS fd JavaScript ds dbZ ,sls Objects gSa tks Global gksrs gSa] tSls location, navigator, history, screen, document vkfnA ysfdu okLro esa ;s lHkh window Object dh Properties gSa] ftuds ckjs esa ge vkxs foLrkj ls tkusaxsA tSlkfd geus igys Hkh dgk fd fofHkUu Companies us vius BOM dks vyx&vyx rjhdksa ls Develop fd;k gS] blfy, lHkh Web Browsers ,d leku dke ugha djrsA vr% Windows Mobile ds fy, Develop fd;k x;k Internet Explorer Web Browser vius window Object ds lkFk window.property = value; Statement }kjk fdlh u, Property ;k Method dks Directly Create djus dh lqfo/kk ugha nsrkA gkykafd Globally Declare fd, tkus okys lHkh Variables o Functions, blesa Hkh window Object dh Properties o Methods cu tkrs gSaA


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Window Position fdlh Web Browser ds Window dh Position dks fofHkUu window Properties o Methods }kjk Determine o Change fd;k tk ldrk gSA FireFox dks NksMdj lHkh Web Browsers screenLeft o screenTop uke dh nks Properties }kjk Current Web Browser ds Window dh Position Return djrs gSa tcfd FireFox esa ;gh Positions screenX o screenY Properties }kjk Return djrk gSA gekjs Computer System dk tks Monitor gksrk gS] mls JavaScript esa screen Object }kjk Represent fd;k tkrk gS] tcfd gekjk Web Browser Screen ij ftrus Area esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gS] og Area Web Browser dk Window gksrk gSA bls ge fuEu fp= }kjk csgrj rjhds ls le> ldrs gSa%

bl izdkj ls ;fn gesa ;s tkuuk gks fd gekjk Web Browser gekjs Screen dh Left Position ls fdrus Pixel Right esa Placed gS] rks ge fuEu Code fy[kdj bl ckr dk irk yxk ldrs gSa% For Firefox >>> window.screenX //Output: 407 >>> window.screenY //Output: 60 For IE, Safari, Chrome, Opera


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>>> window.screenLeft //Output: 407 >>> window.screenTop //Output: 60 ;s Statements Console esa Execute djrs le; ;fn Web Browser Maximized gks] rks Return Value ds :i esa gesa 0 gh izkIr gksrk gS] D;ksafd Maximized gksus ij Web Browser dk Window, Screen ds Top o Left ls 0 Pixel dh nwjh ij gksrk gSA pwafd fofHkUu Web Browsers dks vyx&vyx Companies us vyx&vyx Patterns ds vk/kkj ij Develop fd;k gS] blfy, lHkh Web Browsers esa Window ds Top o Left Coordinates dks ge dHkh Hkh Accurately Determine ugha dj ldrsA fQj Hkh ge fdlh Window dks moveTo() o moveBy() window Methods dk iz;ksx djds Web Browser ds Window dks fdlh Exact Coordinate ij Move t:j dj ldrs gSaA ;s nksuksa gh Methods Parameters ds :i esa nks Arguments Accept djrs gSa] tks fd Øe”k% x o y Coordinate dks Represent djrs gSaA lkekU;r% lHkh Web Browsers esa ;s nksuksa window Methods By Default Disabled jgrs gSaA

Window Size blls igys fd ge Web Browser ds Window dh Size ls lacaf/kr Properties ds ckjs esa ckr djsa] igys gesa fdlh Hkh GUI Window dh Anatomy ;k Structure ls lEcaf/kr fofHkUu Terms dks le>uk t:jh gS] rkfd ge Window ds Size ls lEcaf/kr fofHkUu Properties dks le> ldsaA fdlh Hkh GUI Operating System esa fn[kkbZ nsus okys Window ds ewy :i ls nks fgLls gksrs gSa] ftUgsa Client Region o Non-Client Region dgk tkrk gSA Client Region dks lkekU;r% Workspace ;k Page Content Area dgrs gSaA ;g ogh Area gksrk gS] tgka User dks Web Page fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA tcfd Non-Client Area ds vUrxZr Title Bar o Borders vkrs gSaA Non-Client Area og Area gksrk gS] tgka User fdlh Hkh rjg dk dksbZ Interaction ugha dj ldrkA Title Bar o Border ;kuh lHkh Non-Client Region lfgr Window dh tks Height gksrh gS] mls Window dh Actual Height ;k Outer Height dgrs gSa tcfd Border o Title Bar ;kuh Non-Client Region dks ?kVkus ds ckn tks Height cprh gS] mls Inner Height dgrs gSaA


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blh rjg ls Left o Right dh Border dh Width lfgr Window dh tks Width gksrh gS] mls Window dh Actual Width ;k Outer Width dgrs gSa tcfd Left o Right Side dh Border dks ?kVkus ds ckn tks cprk gS] mls Inner Width dgrs gSaA Page Content Area dh Height o Inner Height rFkk Page Container Area dh Width o Inner Width esa dsoy bruk vUrj gksrk gS fd Page Content Area esa Border Included jgrk gS] tcfd Inner Height o Inner Width esa Border Included ugha gksrkA fdlh Hkh Window dh Size dk Accurate rjhds ls irk yxkuk Hkh iwjh rjg ls lHkh Web Browsers esa lEHko ugha gS] D;ksafd vyx&vyx Web Browsers vyx&vyx rjhds ls Window dh Size Return djrs gSaA fQj Hkh Firefox, Safari, Opera vkSj Chrome innerWidth, innerHeight, outerWidth o outerHeight uke dh pkj Properties Provide djrs gSa] ftudk iz;ksx JavaScript ds ek/;e ls Window dh Size Kkr djus ds fy, fd;k tk ldrk gSA Firefox o Safari esa outerWidth o outerHeight Properties, Browser Window dk Dimension Return djrs gSaA tcfd Opera esa outerWidth o outerHeight Properties Browser Window ds Page View Container dk Dimension Return djrs gSa tcfd innerHeight o innerWidth Properties, Page View Area dks Return djrs gS] ftlesa Border Included ugha gksrkA Google Chrome esa outerWidth o outerHeight Properties Viewport dh Size Return djrs gSa tks fd okLro esa innerWidth o innerHeight Properties Return gksus okys eku ds leku gh gksrk gSA ;kuh Google Chrome esa outerWidth o outerHeight Properties Browser Window ds Dimension Return ugha djrs cfYd Page View Area ;k Page Content Area dh Height o Width dks gh Return djrs gSaA blh rjg ls Internet Explorer vius Browser Window dh dksbZ Information vius window Object }kjk Return ugha djrk] cfYd Web Browser esa Loaded Page ds Viewable Area dh Information DOM ds ek/;e ls Return djrk gSA


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tcfd document.documentElement.clientWidth o document.documentElement .clientHeight ;s nksuksa Properties lHkh Web Browsers ds Page Viewport ;kuh Client Region dh Height o Width Provide djrs gSaA gkykafd IE6 esa ;s nksuksa Properties rHkh dke djrh gSa] tcfd og Standard Mode esa gksA ;fn IE6 Quirks Mode esa gks] rks bu Properties ds LFkku ij document.body.clientWidth o document.body.clientHeight Properties dks Use djuk iMrk gSA blh rjg ls Google Chrome tc Quirks Mode esa gksrk gS] rks bu Information dks izkIr djus ds fy, clientWidth o clientHeight Property dks document.body rFkk document.documentElement nksuksa Properties ds lkFk mi;ksx esa fy;k tk ldrk gSA lkjka”k ds :i esa dgsa rks ;gka Hkh fofHkUu Web Browser ds Window dh Size dks Determine djus dk Hkh dksbZ Standard rjhdk ugha gSA

Intervals and Timeouts JavaScript ,d Single Threaded Language gSA ;kuh blesa ,d ckj esa dsoy ,d gh Code dks Interpret fd;k tk ldrk gS] ysfdu ;s gesa Timeouts o Intervals nks ,slh lqfo/kk,sa iznku djrk gS] ftudk iz;ksx djds ge vius Codes ds Execution dh Scheduling dj ldrs gSaA Timeouts ,slh lqfo/kk gS] ftlesa gekjk JavaScript Code Specify fd, x, le; ds ckn Automatically Execute gks tkrk gSA tcfd Intervals lqfo/kk }kjk ge fdlh Code dks fuf”pr le;kof/k ds Interval ij ckj&ckj Execute dj ldrs gSaA fdlh Code dks ,d fuf”pr le;kof/k ds ckn Automatically Execute djus ds fy, ge Web Browser ds window Object ds setTimeout() Method dks mi;ksx esa ys ldrs gSaA ;s Method Parameter ds :i esa nks Arguments Accept djrk gS] tgka igyk Argument og Code gksrk gS] ftls Execute gksuk gS] tcfd nwljk Argument Milliseconds esa og le;kof/k gksrk gS] ftrus le; ds ckn igys Argument ds :i esa Specify fd, x, Code dks Execute gksuk gSA bl Method dks ge fuEukuqlkj mi;ksx esa ys ldrs gSa% >>> setTimeout("console.log('Hello')", 3000); tc bl Code dks Console Window esa Type djds Run fd;k tkrk gS] rks Console Window esa rqjUr gh “Hello” Print ugha gks tkrk] cfYd bl Code dks Run djus ds 3 Second ckn “Hello” Print gksrk gSA ;kuh setTimeout() Method }kjk ge Execute gksus okys Code dh Time Scheduling dj ldrs gSaA ;fn ge mijksDr Code dks gh fuEukuqlkj Modify djrs gq, setTimeout() Method ds LFkku ij setInterval() Method dks Specify dj nsa o nwljs Parameter ds :i esa 1000 Specify dj nsa% >>> setInterval("console.log('Hello')", 1000);


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rks bl Code dks Execute djus ij ;s Code Console Window esa gj ,d Second ds ckn “Hello” Message Print djrk gS vkSj rc rd blh Code dks ckj&ckj Run djrk jgrk gS] tc rd fd ge Current Web Page dks Reload u dj nsa vFkok Web Browser dks Close u dj nsaA lkekU;r% bu nksuksa Methods dks Use djds JavaScript esa fofHkUu izdkj ds Animations Create fd, tkrs gSaA ,d ckj fdlh Code dks Run djus ds fy, setTimeout() Method dk iz;ksx djds ;fn Schedule dj fn;k tk, vkSj fQj fdlh dkj.ko”k ;fn gesa fdlh fo”ks’k ifjfLFkfr esa ml Code dks Execute gksus ls igys gh jksduk gks] rks ge setTimeout() Method dks Cancel djus ds fy, clearTimeout() Method dks Use dj ldrs gSaA tcfd setInterval() Method ds Execution dks jksdus ds fy, gesa clearInterval() Method dks Use djuk gksrk gSA setTimeout() o setInterval() nksuksa gh Methods Execute gksrs le; viuk ,d Unique ID Return djrs gSaA bl ID dks fdlh Variable esa Store djds mu IDs dks gh clearTimeout() ;k clearInterval() Method esa Parameter ds :i esa Pass fd;k tkrk gSA ;s nksuksa Methods mu Codes dks Execute gksus ls jksd nsrs gSa] ftudk ID buesa Parameter ds :i esa Pass fd;k x;k gksrk gSA setTimeout() o setInterval() Methods dks Use djrs le; gesa igys Parameter ds :i esa Executable Code dks ,d String ds :i esa Specify djus ds LFkku ij ,d Anonymous Function ds :i esa Specify djuk pkfg,A ;kuh ;fn ge mijksDr Code dks gh mi;ksx esa ysuk pkgsa] rks gesa ogh Code fuEukuqlkj fy[kuk pkfg,& >>> setTimeout(function(){ console.log('Hello') }, 3000); >>> setInterval(function(){ console.log('Hello') }, 1000); gkykafd mijksDr nksuksa Codes fiNys okys nksuksa Codes dh rqyuk esa dkQh vPNs gSa] ysfdu fQj Hkh ;s nksuksa gh Codes ,d ckj Execute gksus ds fy, Schedule gks x,] rks bUgsa fdlh Hkh fLFkfr esa jksdk ugha tk ldrkA D;ksafd ;s nksuksa gh Methods tc Execute gksrs gSa] rks vius Code dk ,d Unique ID Return djrs gSa vkSj ml Unique ID dks tc rd ge fdlh Variable esa Store u djsa] rc rd ge bu Codes dks clearTimeout() ;k clearInterval() Method esa Parameter ds :i esa Pass djds bUgsa jksd ugha ldrsA blfy, okLro esa gesa mijksDr Code dks Hkh fuEukuqlkj fy[kuk pkfg,% >>> var id1 = setTimeout(function(){ console.log('Hello') }, 3000); >>> var id2 = setInterval(function(){


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console.log('Hello') }, 1000); vc ;s Codes iwjh rjg ls Controllable gSaA ;fn fdlh fof”k’V ifjfLFkfr esa gesa mijksDr Codes dks Execute gksus ls jksduk gks rks ge ;s dke fuEukuqlkj clearTimeout() o clearInterval() Methods dk iz;ksx djds dj ldrs gSa% >>> setTimeout(function(){ console.log('Hello') }, 3000); clearTimeout(id1); >>> setInterval(function(){ console.log('Hello') }, 1000); clearInterval(id2); setTimeout() o setInterval() Functions dks DOM Styles o DOM Events ds lkFk Property Use djds gh JavaScript ds ek/;e ls Web Pages esa fofHkUu izdkj ds Animations Define fd, tkrs gSaA ysfdu Pure JavaScript dk iz;ksx djrs gq, fofHkUu izdkj ds Animations Create djus ds fy, cgqr lkjh ckrksa dk /;ku j[kuk gksrk gS D;ksafd lHkh DOM Methods dks lHkh Web Browsers leku :i ls Support ugha djrsA blfy, lkekU;r% lkekU; izdkj dh T;knkrj t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, ge Pure JavaScript dk iz;ksx djus ds LFkku ij cMh gh vklkuh ls jQuery, DOJO, YUI tSls JavaScript Library ;kuh JavaScript Frameworks dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSa D;ksafd bu Frameworks dks Pure JavaScript esa gh Design fd;k x;k gS vkSj ;s dkQh Mature Frameworks gSaA blfy, bu Frameworks dks Use djds ge okLro esa vius le; dh cpr gh jgs gksrs gSaA D;ksafd ftu dkeksa dks ge Pure JavaScript dk iz;ksx djus ds fy, vius Lo;a ds Cross-Browser Functions Create djsaxs] mu Functions dks bu Libraries ds :i esa igys ls gh Define fd;k tk pqdk gS] ftUgsa ge fcuk fdlh ijs”kkuh ds cMh gh vklkuh ls Reuse dj ldrs gSaA ysfdu bldk eryc ;s ugha gS fd gesa JavaScript dks Bhd ls le>us dh t:jr ugha gSA okLro esa ;s lHkh Frameworks JavaScript ij gh vk/kkfjr gSa] blfy, ;fn ge JavaScript ds fofHkUu Fundamentals dks le> ysa] rks gesa bu Frameworks dh Internal Working dks le>us esa dkQh enn feyrh gS] ftldh otg ls ge bu Frameworks dks T;knk csgrj rjhds ls Use djus esa l{ke gks tkrs gSaA


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System Dialog Boxes Web Browsers alert(), confirm() o input() Methods }kjk rhu System Dialogs Display djus esa l{ke gSA ;s Dialogs Web Browser esa Loaded Web Page ls lacaf/kr ugha gksrs vkSj u gh buesa fdlh rjg dk dksbZ HTML Code gksrk gSA lkFk gh budh Appearance iwjh rjg ls Operating System o Web Browser dh Settings ij fuHkZj gksrh gSA ;s rhuksa gh Dialog Box Synchronous o Modal gSa ;kuh tc ;s Memory esa Load gksrs gSa] rks buds ckn fy[ks x, lkjs Codes dk Execution rc rd ds fy, :d tkrk gS] tc rd fd ge bUgsa Close ugha dj nsrs gSA

alert() Method – Alert Dialog Box alert() Method dk iz;ksx fdlh Specific Message dks Display djus ds fy, fd;k tk ldrk gSA lkekU;r% JavaScript Codes ds Flow dks le>us ;k mu Codes dh Debugging djus ds fy, ge alert() Method }kjk Alert Dialog Box dks ,d Pause dh rjg Use djrs gSaA lkekU;r% fdlh JavaScript Error dks Alert Box }kjk Render fd;k tkrk gSA tSls% >>> alert("This is an alert() Dialog Box"); tSls gh ge bl Code dks Execute djrs gSa] gesa bldk Output Web Browser esa fuEukuqlkj fn[kkbZ nsus yxrk gS%

Alert Dialog Box ij dsoy ,d “OK” Button gksrk gSA ;kuh ge bl Dialog Box dks Web Browser ls gVkus ds fy, OK Button ij Click djus ds vykok vkSj dqN ugha dj ldrsA

confirm() Method – Confirm Dialog Box ;s ,d nwljs izdkj dk Dialog Box gS ysfdu bl Dialog Box esa gesa “OK” o “Cancel” uke ds nks Buttons izkIr gksrs gSaA ;s Dialog Box true ;k false esa ls fdlh ,d Value dks Hkh Return djrk gSA ;kuh ;fn ge bl Dialog Box ds OK Button ij Click djrs gSa] rks ;s Dialog Box true Value Return djrk gS] tcfd Cancel Button ij Click djus ij ;s Dialog Box false Value Return djrk gSA bls ge fuEukuqlkj mi;ksx esa ys ldrs gSa%


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>>> confirm("Are you sure?"); //Output: true >>> confirm("Are you sure?"); //Output: false ;s Dialog Box Screen ij fuEukuqlkj fn[kkbZ nsrk gS%

prompt() Method – Input Dialog Box ;s Dialog Box ,d Special izdkj dk Dialog Box gS] ftls ge User ls fdlh izdkj dk Input izkIr djus ds fy, Use dj ldrs gSaA bl Dialog Box ij Hkh OK o Cancel uke ds nks Buttons fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa lkFk gh ,d Text Box Hkh fn[kkbZ nsrk gS] ftlesa User fdlh rjg dk Data Input dj ldrk gSA tc User bl Box ij fn[kkbZ nsus okys Text Box esa dksbZ Text Input djds OK Button ij Click djrk gS] rks ;s Method Input fd, x, Text dks Return djrk gS] tcfd ;fn User bl Dialog Box ds Cancel Button dks Click djrk gS] rks ;s Method null Value Return djrk gSA >>> prompt("What is your name?", "Enter your Name here"); "Enter your Name here" tc ;s Code Run gksrk gS] rks gesa Web Browser esa fuEukuqlkj Prompt Dialog Box fn[kkbZ nsrk gS%


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buds vykok BOM dk window Object gesa find() o print() uke ds nks vkSj Method Provide djrk gS] ftudk iz;ksx ge Currently Loaded Web Page fdlh Content dks [kkstus vFkok Current Web Page dks Printer ij Print djus ds fy, dj ldrs gSaA bUgsa ge fuEukuqlkj Use dj ldrs gSa% >>> window.print(); //OR >>> print(); ;s Method Web Page ij Print Dialog Box Open djrk gS] ftls ge fuEu fp= esa ns[k ldrs gSa%

blh rjg ls ge find() Method dks Hkh fuEukuqlkj Console Window }kjk Open dj ldrs gSa% >>> window.find(); //OR


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>>> find();

Web Browser ds window Object dh vkSj Hkh cgqr lkjh Properties gSa ftuesa ls dqN lHkh Web Browsers ds fy, Common gSa tcfd dqN fofHkUu Web Browsers ds fy, vyx&vyx gSaA Web Browser ds window Object dh lHkh Properties o Methods dh List ns[kus ds fy, ge Firebug ds console.dir() Method dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA bl Method esa ge Web Browser ds ftl Object dks Parameter ds :i esa Pass djrs gSa] ;s Method ml Object ds lHkh Properties o Methods dh List Display dj nsrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, ;fn ge window Object ds lHkh Properties o Methods dh List ns[kuk pkgsa] rks ge Firebug Console esa fuEu console.dir() Method dks fuEukuqlkj Use dj ldrs gSa% console.dir(window) bl Statement ds Execute gksus ij gesa Web Browser ds window Object ds lHkh Properties o Methods dh List fuEukuqlkj fn[kkbZ nsus yxrh gS%


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blh rjg ls ;fn ge window Object ds Sub-Object screen ds lHkh Properties o Methods dh List izkIr djuk pkgsa] rks console.dir() Method dks fuEukuqlkj Use dj ldrs gSa% console.dir(screen) vkSj gesa fuEukuqlkj Output izkIr gksrk gS%

Location Object location Object, BOM dk ,d vkSj cgqr gh egRoiw.kZ Object gS] tks gesa Web Browser ds window Object esa Currently Loaded Web Page ls lacaf/kr cgqr lkjh egRoiw.kZ Information o Navigation Functionality Provide djrk gSA location Object dh fofHkUu


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Properties o Methods dks ge Firebug }kjk fuEukuqlkj console.dir(location); Statement }kjk Display dj ldrs gSa%

location Object blfy, Hkh Special o Unique Object gS D;ksafd ;s window o document nksuksa Object dh Property gSA ;kuh ge bls Point djus ds fy, window.location Hkh fy[k ldrs gSa vkSj document.location Hkh fy[k ldrs gSaA tSlkfd mijksDr fp= esa ge ns[k ldrs gSa fd bl Object dh fofHkUu Properties esa Currently Loaded Web Page ls lacaf/kr fofHkUu izdkj dh Special Information gSa] ftUgsa ge gekjh t:jr ds vuqlkj vius Web Page esa mi;ksx esa ys ldrs gSaA location Object dh fofHkUu Properties dks ge fuEukuqlkj le> ldrs gSa%

hash Property Currently Loaded Web Page ds URL esa ;fn dksbZ #String gks] rks og String bl Property esa Store gksrh gSA ;s ,d izdkj dk On-Page Anchor gksrk gSA ;kuh tc ge dksbZ ,slk Hyperlink Create djrs gSa] ftls Click djus ij ge mlh Page ds fdlh vU; fgLls ij igqap tkrs gSa] rks ml vU; fgLls dh Position dks Identify djus ds fy, fdlh Element ds id Attribute esa ge tks String Specify djrs gSa] ogh String hash Property esa Store gksrh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, User tc http://www.bccfalna.com/index.html#CProgramming URL ij Click djrk gS] rks og index.html Page ds ml Element ij igqaprk gS] ftlds id Attribute esa Value ds :i esa “#CProgramming” String dks Value ds :i esa Specify fd;k x;k gSA >>> location.hash //Output: #CProgramming

host Property bl Property esa Currently Loaded Web Page ds Host dk uke o ;fn miyC/k gks] rks Port Number Hkh Stored jgrk gSA tSls% >>> location.host //Output: www.google.co.in //Output: www.google.com:8080


http://www.bccfalna.com/index.html#CProgramming

http://www.google.co.in/

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hostname Property bl Property esa Currently Loaded Web Page ds Host dk uke fcuk Port Number ds Stored jgrk gSA tSls% >>> location.hostname //Output: www.google.co.in

pathname Property bl Property esa Currently Loaded Web Page dk Path Stored jgrk gSA ;fn Web Browser esa dsoy Root Level Domain dks Specify fd;k x;k gks] rks bl Property esa “/” Stored jgrk gSA tSls% >>> location.pathname //Output: www.google.co.in //Output: www.google.com:8080

port Property bl Property esa Currently Loaded Web Page ds URL dk dsoy Port Number Stored jgrk gSA ;fn ULR ds lkFk dksbZ Port Number Specified u gks] rks ;s Empty String dks Hold djrk gSA tSls% >>> location.port //Output: “” //Output: “8080”

protocol Property bl Property esa Currently Loaded Web Page dks Web Browser esa Load djus ds fy, Use gksus okys Protocol dh tkudkjh gksrh gSA lkekU;r% blesa “http:” ;k “https:” gh Stored jgrk gSA tSls% >>> location.protocol //Output: https

search Property bl Property esa Currently Loaded Web Page ds lkFk ;fn dksbZ Query String gks] rks og Query String Store gksrh gSA Query String gesa”kk “?” Mark ds ckn dk URL gksrk gS vkSj Query String URL rc curk gS] tc ge HTML Form ls fdlh Data dks Web Server ij Process gksus ds fy, GET Method dk iz;ksx djrs gq, SEND djrs gSaA tSls% >>> location.search //Output: ?name=Kuldeep&age=31





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assign() Method location Object dk iz;ksx djds ge dbZ rjhdksa ls Web Browser dh Location dks Change dj ldrs gSaA ;kuh location Object esa ge tks Hkh URL Specify dj nsrs gSa] Web Browser mlh URL ds Resource dks Web Browser ds window Object esa Load djus yxrk gSA location Object esa fdlh Location dks Set djus ds fy, ge JavaScript ds assign() Method dks fuEukuqlkj Use dj ldrs gSa% >>> location.assign(“http://www.bccfalna.com/”); tSls gh ;s Statement Execute gksrk gS] Web Browser esa og Web Server Load gksus yxrk gS] ftls geus assign() Method esa Argument ds :i esa Specify fd;k gSA ;fn ge pkgsa] rks fuEu Statements }kjk lh/ks gh Web Browser esa u;k Web Page Load dj ldrs gSa% >>> window.location = “http://www.bccfalna.com/”; >>> window.href = “http://www.bccfalna.com/”; ;fn ge mijksDr nksuksa esa ls fdlh Hkh JavaScript Statement dks Interpret djsa] rks ;s nksuksa Statements Internally location Object ds assign() Method dks Call djrs gSa vkSj Web Browser ds window Object esa http://www.bccfalna.com/ Web Page dks Load dj nsrs gSa vkSj tSls gh u;k Web Page, Current Web Browser ds window Object esa Load gksrk gS] location Object dh fofHkUu Properties (hash, search, host, pathname, port, etc…) u, URL dh fofHkUu Values ls Fill gks tkrh gSaA location Object dh hash Property ds vykok ;fn dksbZ Hkh vU; Property dh Value Change gksrh gS] rks Web Browser dk Web Page dks fQj ls Reload djrk gSA

replace() Method mijksDr esa ls fdlh Hkh rjhds dks Use djds ;fn location Object ds URL esa fdlh Hkh rjg dk Change fd;k tkrk gS] rks BOM ds history Object esa ml URL dh ,d Entry gks tkrh gSA rkfd t:jr gksus ij User Web Browser ds Back Button dks Click djds fQj ls fiNys Page ij tk ldsA ysfdu ;fn ge pkgsa] rks BOM ds bl Default Behavior dks location Object ds replace() Method dk iz;ksx djds Change dj ldrs gSaA ;s Method ml URL dks Argument ds :i esa Accept djrk gS] ftls Web Browser ds window Object esa Load djuk gS] ysfdu history Object esa fdlh izdkj dh dksbZ Entry ugha djrkA replace() Method dks Call djus ds ckn ge Web Browser ds Back Button dks Use djds fiNys URL ij fQj ls ugha tk ldrsA bl Functionality dks ge Firebug Console esa fuEu Statement Run djds Check dj ldrs gSa% >>> window.replace(“http://www.bccfalna.com/”);







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reload() Method reload() Method, location Object dk vfUre Method gS] tks Current Web Page dks Web Browser ds window Object esa fQj ls Reload dj nsrk gSA tc bl Method dks fcuk fdlh Argument ds Call fd;k tkrk gS] rks ;fn og Web Page, Web Browser ds Cache esa Exist gks] rks ogha ls Load gksrk gSA tcfd ;fn bl ge Web Page dks fQj ls Web Server ls izkIr djuk pkgrs gSa] rks gesa bl Method esa Parameter ds :i esa “true” Value dks Specify djuk gksrk gSA bl Method dks ge nksuksa rjhdksa ls fuEukuqlkj fy[k ldrs gSa% >>> window.reload(); // Reloads possible from cache. >>> window.reload(true); // Reloads back from the server. tc fdlh JavaScript Program esa ,d ckj reload() Method Execute gks tkrk gS] rks fQj ml Program esa ml Statement ls vkxs fy[kk x;k dksbZ Hkh Statement Execute ugha gksrkA

navigator Object bl Object dks lcls igys Netscape Navigator 2.0 esa Develop fd;k x;k Fkk] ftls ckn esa vkus okys yxHkx lHkh Web Browsers esa ,d Standard Object dh rjg Implement fd;k x;kA ;s Object, Current Web Browser ds Identification ls lacaf/kr Information dks Hold djrk gSA gkykafd dqN vU; Web Browsers bl Requirement dks iwjk djus ds fy, vU; Alternative ;k Similar Ways Provide djrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, IE esa window.clientInformation rFkk Opera esa window.opera Object ogh dke djrs gSa tks vU; Web Browsers esa navigator Object djrk gSA navigator Object yxHkx lHkh JavaScript Enabled Web Browsers esa ,d leku dke djrk gSA ysfdu vU; BOM Objects dh rjg gh gj Web Browser ds navigator Object esa Current Web Browser Specific Properties dk Set Hkh gksrk gSA blfy, bl iqLrd ds bl Section esa ge dsoy mUgha Properties o Methods ds ckjs esa tkusaxs] tks yxHkx lHkh Web Browsers ds navigator Object esa leku :i ls miyC/k gSaA

appCodeName Property ;s Web Browser ds uke dks Represent djrk gSA lkekU;r% blesa Value ds :i esa “Mozilla” gh Stored jgrk gS] Hkys gh og Browser Mom-Mozilla Browsers gh D;ksa u gksA

appName Property ;s Web Browser ds Full Name dks Represent djrk gSA


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appVersion Property ;s Web Browser ds Version dks Represent djrk gSA gkykafd ;s Actual Web Browser Version ls lEcaf/kr ugha gksrkA

cookieEnabled Property ;fn Current Web Browser esa Cookie Enabled gks] rks blesa true Value Stored jgrk gS tcfd Disabled gksus dh fLFkfr esa blesa false Value gksrk gSA

javaEnabled() Method ;fn Current Web Browser esa Java Enabled gks] rks blesa true Value Stored jgrk gS tcfd Disabled gksus dh fLFkfr esa blesa false Value gksrk gSA

mimeTypes Property ;s ,d Array gksrk gS] ftlesa Current Web Browser esa Registered lHkh Supported MIME Types dh Information gksrh gSA

onLine Property ;s Boolean Property gS] ftlesa true ;k false Value Stored jgrk gSA ;fn Web Browser Use djus okyk User Internet ls Connected gks] rks bl Property esa true Store gksrk gSA tcfd ;fn User Offline Mode esa Web Browser Use dj jgk gks] rks bl Property esa false Stored jgrk gSA

platform Property bl Property esa Current Web Browser ds Operating System ;k System Platform dh Information Stored jgrh gSA

Plugins Property ;s Property ,d Array gksrk gS] ftlesa Current Web Browser esa Installed lHkh Plug-ins dh Information Stored jgrh gSA IE esa bl Array esa Current Page ij miyC/k lHkh <embed> Elements dh Information Stored jgrh gSA

userAgent Property ;s Property Current Web Browser ds User Agent dh Information dks ,d String ds :i esa Store djds j[krk gSA


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screen Object screen Object Hkh BOM ;kuh Web Browser ds window Object dh ,d Property gS vkSj bldk iz;ksx ewy :i ls Client Web Browser ds Screen dh Capabilities dk irk yxkus ds fy, gh fd;k tkrk gSA ;s Object Client Computer ds Display ;k Monitor ls lacaf/kr Information Provide djrk gSA lHkh vU; Objects dh rjg gh vyx&vyx Companies us vius Web Browser ds screen Object esa cgqr lkjh Web Browser Specify Properties dks Specify fd;k gS] blfy, ;gka ge dsoy mu Properties ds ckjs esa gh ckr djsaxs] ftUgsa yxHkx lHkh Modern Web Browsers ds screen Objects Common :i ls Support djrs gSaA

availHeight Property bl Property esa User ds Computer ds Display Screen dh Web Browser ds fy, Used Height Pixels dh la[;k ds :i esa Stored jgrh gSA pwafd Operating System ij fn[kkbZ nsus okyk Task Bar, Web Browser ds Window ds fy, Use ugha gksrk] blfy, Screen dh Full Height esa ls Task Bar o vU; System Related Bars dh Height ?kVkus ds ckn tks Value cprh gS] og Value bl Property esa Stored jgrh gSA

availWidth Property bl Property esa User ds Computer ds Display Screen dh Width Pixels dh la[;k ds :i esa Stored jgrh gSA pwafd ge vius Operating System ij fn[kkbZ nsus okys Task Bar dks vius Desktop ds Left ;k Right esa ij Vertically Hkh Place dj ldrs gSa] ml fLFkfr esa Task Bar }kjk Reserved Screen Width, Web Browser ds Window ds fy, Use ugha gksrh] blfy, Screen dh Full Width esa ls Task Bar o vU; System Related Bars dh Width ?kVkus ds ckn tks Value cprh gS] og Value bl Property esa Stored jgrh gSA

height Property bl Property esa User ds Computer ds Display Screen dh Height Pixels dh la[;k ds :i esa Stored jgrh gSA

width Property bl Property esa User ds Computer ds Display Screen dh width Pixels dh la[;k ds :i esa Stored jgrh gSA mijksDr nksuksa height o width Properties esa okLro esa User ds Computer ds Resolution dh Information gksrh gSA ;fn User ds Computer dk Display 768 X 1366 ds Resolution ij dke dj jgk gks] rks availHeight Property esa 768 o availWidth Property esa 1366 eku Store gks tkrk gSA


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pixelDepth Property bl Property esa User ds Computer ds Display Screen ds Pixels dks Display djus ds fy, Use fd, x, Bits ;kuh Pixel Depth dh Information Stored jgrh gSA

history Object User tc Web Browser Open djrk gS rc ls ysdj tc rd User Web Browser esa Surfing djrk gS] rc rd ds Current Web Page dh Navigational History dks history Object Hold djrk gSA pwafd history Object, window Object dh ,d Property gS] blfy, gj Web Browser Window, Tab o Frame dk viuk vyx history Object gksrk gS D;ksafd gj Web Browser, Tab o Frame dk viuk vyx window Object gksrk gSA bl Object dk iz;ksx djds ge Current Web Page ls Forward ;k Backward esa Navigation dj ldrs gSa vkSj blds fy, gesa Web Browser esa Current Loaded Web Page ds URL dh Information gksuk t:jh ugha gksrkA history Object }kjk Web Browser esa Forward ;k Backward Navigation djus ds fy, ;s Object gesa go() uke dk ,d Method Provide djrk gS] tks fd Integer Value ds :i esa ,d Argument Accept djrk gSA ;fn ;s Number Positive gks] rks Navigation Forward Direction esa gksrk gS] tcfd Negative Number gksus dh fLFkfr esa Backward Navigation gksrk gSA bls ge fuEukuqlkj Use dj ldrs gSa% >>> window.go(-1); // Go to previous page. >>> window.go(1); // Go to next page. >>> window.go(3); // Go 3 page forward. >>> window.go(-2); // Go 2 page back. ;fn Web Browser dh history esa dksbZ Information u gks] rks ;s Method dqN Hkh ugha djrkA ;kuh ;fn User us Web Browser Open gh fd;k gks] rks history Object esa dksbZ Information ugha gksrhA go() Method ds vykok ge back() o forward() Method dks Use djds Hkh vxys o fiNys Page ij Move dj ldrs gSaA history Object dh ,d length Property gksrh gS] ftlesa dqy Navigate fd, x, URLs dh la[;k gksrh gSA ;kuh ;fn User us Web Browser Open djus ds ckn dqy 10 Web Pages Surf fd, gksa] rks bl length Property esa Value ds :i esa eku 10 Stored jgrk gSA


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pwafd fofHkUu Web Browsers ds Model ;kuh BOM ;kuh dks vyx&vyx Companies, Individuals ;k Organizations us viuh lqfo/kkuqlkj Develop fd;k gS] blfy, buesa dksbZ Standard ugha gSA fQj Hkh BOM ls Related ftu Objects ds ckjs esa geus tkuus dh dksf”k”k dh gS] os lHkh Objects yxHkx lHkh Web Browsers esa miyC/k gksrs gSa vkSj FkksMs&cgqr Extra Features ds lkFk muds os Properties o Methods Common :i ls Available jgrs gSa] ftuds ckjs esa geus bl v/;k; esa tkuk gSA pwafd Web Applications ds fy, Web Browser gh JavaScript dk Environment Host gksrk gS] blfy, fofHkUu Web Browsers ds BOM ds Features vyx&vyx gks ldrs gSaA ysfdu tc ge Web Browser ds vykok vU; JavaScript Host Environments dh ckr djrs gSa] tSlsfd Adobe Flash tks fd ActionScript Programming Language dks Host djrk gS] rks ActionScript tSlh mu Languages esa muds Host Environments fofHkUu izdkj ds t:jh Features Provide djrs gSaA blhfy, ;fn vki JavaScript lh[krs gSa] rks Adobe Flash dh Programming lh[kuk vkids fy, dkQh vklku jgrk gS D;ksafd ml fLFkfr esa vkidks Adobe Flash ds dsoy Fundamental Basics dks gh lh[kuk gksrk gS] tcfd vU; Programming Features rks nksuksa gh Languages esa ,d leku gksus dh otg ls vkidks mUgsa fQj ls lh[kus dh t:jr ugha jgrh gSA ;kuh JavaScript esa ls ;fn BOM ds Features dks Remove dj fn;k tk,] rks ftruk JavaScript cprk gS] og JavaScript o ActionScript iwjh rjg ls ,d leku gSA ftldk eryc ;s gS fd Web Browser BOM o Adobe Flash tSls Software ds Features dks ;fn NksM fn;k tk,] rks JavaScript o ActionScript esa dksbZ fo”ks’k vUrj ugha jgrk vkSj ml fLFkfr esa JavaScript ;k ActionScript dgus ds LFkku ij ;fn bl Scripting Language dks ECMAScript Language dgsa] rks T;knk csgrj gksxk] D;ksafd ActionScript o JavaScript nksuksa esa ls ;fn Adobe Flash o BOM dks gVk nsa] rks tks cprk gS] og ECMAScript gh gSA

Document Writing JavaScript esa fdlh Web Page ;k Document Object esa Content dks Write djus ds fy, gesa write() o writeln() uke ds nks Methods izkIr gksrs gSa] tks fdlh Web Page ds Output Stream esa fdlh Content dks fy[kus dh lqfo/kk nsrs gSaA ;s nksuksa gh Methods Argument ds :i esa ,d String Accept djrs gSa vkSj ml String dks T;ksa dk R;ksa Currently Loaded Web Page esa Text dh rjg Write dj nsrs gSaA write() o writeln() bu nksuksa Methods esa dsoy ,d gh vUrj gS fd tc ge writeln() Method dks Use djrs gSa rks ;s Method Automatically String ds vUr esa ,d New Line ys ysrk gS vkSj vxyk Content gesa”kk ,d New Line esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gS] tcfd write() Method Automatically New Line ugha ysrk cfYd ;fn t:jr gks] rks gesa Lo;a “\n” Constant dks Use djds New Line dks Specify djuk iMrk gSA bu nksuksa Methods dks Use djds ge Dynamically Load gks jgs Page esa viuk Content Add dj ldrs gSaA ysfdu tc ge JavaScript lh[k jgs gksrs gSa] rc bu nksuksa Methods dks Use djds ge lkekU;r% vius Programs dk Output Web Page ij Render djrs gSaA bu nksuksa Methods dks ge fuEukuqlkj Use dj ldrs gSa%


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File Name: document.write().html <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head><title>document.write()</title></head> <body> <script> document.write("Current Date and Time: <strong>" + Date() +"</strong>"); </script> </body> </html> tc ge bl HTML Web Page dks Web Browser esa Load djrs gSa rks ;s Web Page fuEukuqlkj Render gksrk gS%

tSlkfd ge ns[k ldrs gSa fd gekjs Web Page esa dksbZ Static Content ugha gS] fQj Hkh Web Page esa Current Date and Time fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS vkSj D;ksafd Content dks geus Current Web Page esa document.write() Method }kjk Dynamically Insert fd;k gSA vki ns[k ldrs gSa fd bl HTML Web Page esa geus write() Method esa fdl rjg ls JavaScript ds Date() Method dks String ds lkFk + Operator }kjk Concatenate fd;k gS lkFk gh geus Specify fd, x, Argument esa <strong> Element dks Hkh Specify fd;k gS] ftls Web Browser Parse djds fn[kkbZ nsus okys Date and Time dks Bold Face esa Render dj jgk gSA ;kuh ge bl Method esa fdlh Hkh JavaScript Function vFkok Variable dh Value dks String ds lkFk Concatenate djds HTML Elements ds chp Enclose dj ldrs gSa vkSj Web Browser bl write() Method dks Execute djrs le; JavaScript Codes dks Hkh Run djrk gS lkFk gh lHkh HTML Elements dks Hkh Parse djds Render djrk gSA lkekU;r% write() o writeln() Methods dks fdlh External Resource dks Dynamically Current Web Page esa Include djus ds fy, Use fd;k tkrk gSA tc ge bu Methods dks Use djds fdlh JavaScript File dks vius Web Page esa Dynamically Add djuk pkgrs gSa] rc gesa bl ckr dks /;ku esa j[kuk gksrk gS fd ge “</script>” Element dks String dh rjg Specify u djsa] D;ksafd ,slk djus ij ;s String Web Browser dks Confuse dj nsxk vkSj Web Browser le>sxk fd gekjs Inline JavaScript Code dk vUr gks jgk gS] ifj.kkeLo:i write() Method ds ckn ds JavaScript Codes ,d izdkj ls Error dh rjg fn[kkbZ nsaxsA bls ge fuEukuqlkj HTML Code }kjk le> ldrs gSa% File Name: document.write() with script Element.html


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<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head><title>document.write()</title></head> <body> <script> document.write("<script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"file.js\">" + "</script>"); document.write("Current Date and Time: <strong>" + Date() +"</strong>"); </script> </body> </html> ;fn ge mijksDrkuqlkj write() Method dk iz;ksx djrs gq, fdlh External JavaScript File dks <script> Element dk iz;ksx djrs gq, Current Document Dynamically esa Attach djus dh dksf”k”k djsa] rks gesa fuEukuqlkj Output izkIr gksrk gS%

,slk Output blfy, izkIr gksrk gS] D;ksafd tc mijksDr Web Page dk JavaScript Code Run gksrk gS] rks write() Method esa </script> Tag dh Parsing ds le; JavaScript Interpreter dks yxrk gS fd ;gha ij gekjs Web Page ds Inline JavaScript Code dk vUr gks jgk gSA ifj.kkeLo:i gekjk Web Browser </script> Tag ds vkxs ds Content dks Normal Content dh rjg gh Web Browser esa Parse dj nsrk gSA bl izdkj dh leL;k ls cpus dk rjhdk ;s gS fd ge Closing </script> Tag ds Slash dks Backslash ds lkFk <\/script> rjhds ls Specify fd;k tk,] rkfd JavaScript Interpreter mls Closing </script> Tag dh rjg Treat djrs gq, Parse u djs cfYd ,d String dh rjg DOM Tree esa Add djsA bl Trick dks Use djrs gq, ge gekjs mijksDr Web Page dks fuEukuqlkj Re-Create dj ldrs gSa% File Name: document.write() with proper script Element.html <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head><title>document.write()</title></head> <body> <script> document.write("<script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"file.js\">" + "<\/script>"); document.write("Current Date and Time: <strong>" + Date() +"</strong>"); </script> </body> </html>


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tSlkfd fuEu Output esa ge ns[k ldrs gSa fd vc ;s Code Normal rjhds ls dke dj jgk gS vkSj ,slk blfy, gks jgk gS D;ksafd geus Closing </script> Tag dks "<\/script>" rjhds ls Specify fd;k gSA

write() Method dks ;fn ge iwjk Web Page Load gksus ds ckn fdlh Event ds Response esa Call djsa] rks gekjk iwjk Web Page Content Overwrite gks tkrk gSA bls le>us ds fy, fuEu mnkgj.k ns[krs gSa% File Name: document.write() before loading whole page.html <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head><title>document.write()</title></head> <body> <h1>This is heading which is normal.</h1> <script> document.write("Current Date and Time: <strong>" + Date() +"</strong>"); </script> </body> </html> bl Web Page dks Render djus ij gesa fuEukuqlkj Output izkIr gksrk gS%

ysfdu ;fn ge mijksDr Web Page dks fuEukuqlkj Modify djrs gq, write() Method dks iwjk Web Page Content Load gksus ds ckn Use djsa% File Name: document.write() after loading whole page.html <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head><title>document.write()</title></head> <body> <h1>This is heading which is normal.</h1>


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<script> window.onload = function(){ document.write("Current Date and Time: <strong>" + Date() +"</strong>"); } </script> </body> </html> rks tSlkfd ge fuEu Output fp= esa ns[k ldrs gSa fd gesa dsoy ogh Content fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS] tks JavaScript Code }kjk Generate gks jgk gSA tks Heading Content Web Page esa Static :i ls Specify fd;k x;k Fkk] og fn[kkbZ ugha ns jgk gS vkSj ,slk blh otg ls gksrk gS] D;ksafd write() Method dks iwjk Web Page iwjh rjg ls Load gksus ds ckn Call fd;k x;k gSA

bl Web Page ds JavaScript Code esa geus JavaScript Event Handling Code dks Use fd;k gSA Events ds ckjs esa foLrkj ls ge vkxs le>saxs ysfdu fQj Hkh ;gka dqN Fundamental le> ysuk t:jh gS] rkfd Event Handling Chapter ls igys cuk, x, lHkh JavaScript Codes dks vki csgrj rjhds ls le> ldsaA GUI Programming ;kuh Graphical User Interface Programming esa tks Hkh Software ;k Application Develop fd, tkrs gSa] os Event Driven Programming Concept ij vk/kkfjr gksrs gSaA Event ,d izdkj dh ?kVuk gksrh gS] ftls gekjs Computer dk Operating System le>rk gS vkSj ml ?kVuk ds vuqlkj Respond djrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, tc ge fdlh Software ds Window ds Minimize Button ij Click djrs gSa] rks click Event Trigger gksrk gS vkSj bl Event ds Response esa gekjs Computer dk Operating System ml Window dks Minimize dj nsrk gS] ftlds Minimize Button ij geus Click fd;k gksrk gSA blh rjg ls tc ge fdlh Application ds fdlh Form Window ij fn[kkbZ nsus okys Text Box esa dksbZ Character Type djrs gSa] rks Keyboard dk keypress Event Trigger gksrk gS vkSj bl Event ds Response esa gekjs Computer dk Operating System ml Text Box esa og Character Display dj nsrk gS] ftls geus Keyboard ij Press fd;k gksrk gSA blh rjg ls fofHkUu izdkj ds Applications esa fofHkUu izdkj ds Events Trigger gksrs gSa] ftUgsa Operating System }kjk Handle fd;k tkrk gS vkSj D;ksafd Web Browser Hkh ,d izdkj dk Application Software gh gS] blfy, Web Browser esa Hkh fofHkUu izdkj ds Events Trigger gks ldrs gSaA


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mnkgj.k ds fy, ge fdlh Web Page ij fn[kkbZ nsus okys fdlh Hyperlink dks Click dj ldrs gSa vkSj tc ge Click djrs gSa] rks click Event Fire gksrk gSA ifj.kkeLo:i gekjk Web Browser bl Click Event ds Response esa ml Hyperlink ls Associated Resource dks Web Browser esa Load dj nsrk gS] ftl ij geus Click fd;k FkkA blh izdkj ls tc ge gekjs Web Browser dks Minimize, Maximize, Restore, Close, Resize vkfn djrs gSa vFkok Web Page ds fdlh Element ij Mouse ls Click, Double Click djrs gSa vFkok Mouse Pointer dks fdlh HTML Element ij Move djrs gSa vFkok Keyboard ls fdlh Button dks Press djrs gSa] rks fofHkUu izdkj ds Events Trigger gksrs gSaA blfy, ;fn ge pkgsa] rks bu Events ds Trigger gksus ds Response esa ,slk JavaScript Code fy[k ldrs gSa] tks dsoy mlh fLFkfr esa Execute gksrk gS] tc og Event Trigger gksrk gS] ftlds lkFk ml JavaScript Code dks Attach fd;k x;k gksrk gSA bl izdkj dh Programming Technique ftlesa fdlh Action ds Reaction esa ;kuh fdlh Event ds Response esa D;k gksuk pkfg,] bl ckr dks fuf”pr djrs gq, Programming dh tkrh gS] dks Event Driven Programming dgrs gSa vkSj tc ge Web Browser esa Event Driven Programming djrs gSa] rc ge ,slk JavaScript Code Create djrs gSa] tks dsoy rHkh Run gksrk gS] tc ml JavaScript Code ls Associated Event Fire gksrk gSA pwafd fdlh HTML Web Page ij ftrus Hkh Elements gksrs gSa] mu lHkh Elements ds lkFk ge fofHkUu izdkj ds Mouse o Keyboard Events dks Associate dj ldrs gSaA blh rjg ls Web Browser ds fofHkUu Objects ds lkFk Hkh ge fofHkUu izdkj ds Events dks Associate dj ldrs gSaA tc ge gekjs JavaScript Code dks dsoy <script> Element ds chp Specify djrs gSa] rks Web Page ds Load gksrs le; tks Hkh JavaScript Code, JavaScript Interpreter dks feyrk gS] JavaScript Interpreter mls Run dj nsrk gSA ysfdu tc ge gekjh lqfo/kkuqlkj fdlh JavaScript Code dks fdlh Event ds Response esa rc Run djokuk pkgrs gSa tc dksbZ Specific Event Fire gksrk gS] rks bl t:jr dks iwjk djus ds fy, gesa nks dke djus iMrs gSa%

1 gesa fdlh Event dks ml Object ds lkFk Specify djuk gksrk gS] ftl ij Event Fire gksxkA

2 Fire gksus okys Event dks Response djus ds fy, gesa ,d Event Handler Function Create djuk gksxkA

vc ge gekjs fiNys JavaScript Program ds Code dks le>us dh dksf”k”k djrs gSaA pwafd tSlkfd ge tkurs gSa fd ;fn ge gekjs JavaScript dks fuEukuqlkj fy[krs% document.write("Current Date and Time: <strong>" + Date() +"</strong>"); rks ;s JavaScript Code Bhd mlh le; Execute gks tkrk] tc Web Browser esa Web Page Parse gksdj Render gksrk D;ksafd Web Browser esa lkjs Codes Up to Down o Left to Right Parse gksrs gSaA blfy, JavaScript Interpreter tSls gh bl JavaScript


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Code ij igqaprk] og mls Run dj nsrk vkSj Web Browser esa Current Date and Time Display gks tkrkA ysfdu geus gekjs fiNys Web Page esa JavaScript Code dks fuEukuqlkj fy[kk gS% window.onload = function(){ document.write("Current Date and Time: <strong>" + Date() +"</strong>"); } ;s JavaScript Code okLro esa Execute ugha gksrk cfYd Memory esa Store gks tkrk gSA D;ksafd ;s Code lkekU; JavaScript Code ugha gS cfYd ,d Event Handler JavaScript Function Code gS ftls Web Browser ds window Object dh onload Event Property ds lkFk Attach fd;k x;k gS tks bl ckr dk Signal gS fd ;s JavaScript Function rc Execute gksxk] tc Web Browser esa Current Web Page iwjh rjg ls Load gks tk,xkA tSlkfd geus igys dgk fd Web Browser o Web Browser esa Loaded fofHkUu HTML Elements fofHkUu izdkj ds Events Trigger djrs gSaA blfy, tc fdlh Web Browser esa dksbZ Web Page iwjh rjg ls Load gks tkrk gS] rc Web Browser “load” uke dk ,d Event Fire djrk gS] tks bl ckr dk Signal gksrk gS fd Current Web Page, Web Browser esa iwjh rjg ls Load gks pqdk gSA Web Browser ds window Object ds lkFk bl load Event dk mi;ksx djrs gq, ge pkgrs gSa fd tc Web Browser esa dksbZ Web Page iwjh rjg ls Load gks tk,] rc fuEu JavaScript Code Run gks u fd rc tc Web Page, Current Web Browser esa Load gks jgk gks% document.write("Current Date and Time: <strong>" + Date() +"</strong>"); bl t:jr dks iwjk djus ds fy, geus window.onload Property ds lkFk ,d JavaScript Function dks Attach fd;k gS tks fd ,d Event Handler Code gSA ;kuh ge pkgrs gSa fd Date rc Display gks] tc Web Page iwjh rjg ls Load gks pqdk gksA blfy, geus Date Display djus ls lEcaf/kr document.write() Method dks ,d Event Handler Function ds vUnj Define fd;k gSA (Function ds ckjs esa ge vkxs foLrkj ls i<saxsA) gekjk tks Event Handler Code ;gka ij geus Define fd;k gS] og Code ,d Anonymous Function gSA tc JavaScript Interpreter bl Code dks Read djrk gS] rks og mls Memory esa Store dj nsrk gS vkSj og Anonymous Function Memory esa ftl txg ij Store gksrk gS] ml txg dk ,d Pointer Return djrk gSA bl Return gksus okys Pointer dks window.onload Property esa Store dj fn;k tkrk gSA ifj.kkeLo:i gekjk Web Page tSls gh Web Browser ds window Object esa iwjh rjg ls Load gks tkrk gS] Web Browser “load” uke dk Event Fire djrk gSA ifj.kkeLo:i JavaScript Interpreter window Object dh onload Property dks Check djrk gS fd mlesa fdlh Executable Code dk Pointer Stored gS ;k ughaA pwafd geus ,d Anonymous Function dks window dh onload Property esa Assign fd;k gS tks fd ,d Executable Code gS] blfy, JavaScript Interpreter rqjUr ml Memory


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Location ij igqaprk gS] ftldk Pointer window ds onload Property esa Stored gS vkSj pwafd bl Memory Location ij fuEukuqlkj ,d Executable JavaScript Statement gksrk gS% document.write("Current Date and Time: <strong>" + Date() +"</strong>"); blfy, JavaScript bl Executable Statement dks Execute dj nsrk gSA ifj.kkeLo:i Currently Loaded Web Page esa tks Hkh Content gksrk gS] write() Method mls Overwrite djds mlds LFkku ij Current Date and Time Display dj nsrk gSA blh izdkj ls ge ;fn pkgsa fd Current Date and Time rc Display ugha gksuk pkfg,] tc Web Page, Web Browser ds Window Object esa iwjh rjg ls Load gks tk,] cfYd rc gksuk pkfg,] tc ge Web Page ij fn[kkbZ nsus okys Heading ij Click djsaA rks bl t:jr dks iwjk djus ds fy, ge fuEukuqlkj <h1> Element ds lkFk vius JavaScript Code dks Attach dj ldrs gSa% File Name: document.write() with click event on Heading1.html <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head><title>document.write()</title></head> <body> <h1 id="clickMe">Click Me to show Current Date and Time</h1> <script> var clickMeDOMTreeReference = document.getElementById("clickMe"); clickMeDOMTreeReference.onclick = function(){ document.write("Current Date and Time: <strong>" + Date() +"</strong>"); } </script> </body> </html> tc ge bl Web Page dks Render djrs gSa rks bldk Output fuEukuqlkj Render gksrk gS%

ysfdu tSls gh ge bl fn[kkbZ nsus okys Heading1 Content “Click Me to show Current Date and Time” Message ij Click djrs gSa] gekjk Web Page Content Change gksdj fuEukuqlkj “Current Date and Time” ls Overwrite gks tkrk gS%


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pfy,] bl Web Page ds JavaScript Code dks Hkh FkksMk le> ysrs gSaA tc ge fdlh HTML Element ds lkFk fdlh Event Handler dks Associate djuk pkgrs gSa] rc gesa nks dke djus iMrs gSa%

1 ftl HTML Element ds lkFk gesa Event Handler dks Associate djuk gksrk gS] ml Element esa gesa id Attribute dks Specify djuk t:jh gksrk gSA

2 gesa ml HTML Element dk Reference izkIr djuk gksrk gS] ftlds lkFk Event Handler Function dks Attach djuk gSA

gkykafd fiNys Web Page esa geus lh/ks gh window Object ds lkFk onload Event Handler dks Attach dj fn;k Fkk] D;ksafd window ,d Global Object gksus dh otg ls iwjs JavaScript Code esa dgha Hkh Accessible jgrk gSA ysfdu gekjs Web Page ds Elements, Global Objects dh rjg O;ogkj ugha djrs cfYd gekjs iwjs Web Page ds lHkh Elements, Attributes, Texts vkfn gekjs Computer dh Memory esa Nodes dh ,d Hierarchy ds :i esa Organize jgrs gSa] ftls DOM Tree dgrs gSaA blfy, tc ge fdlh HTML Element ds lkFk fdlh Event Handler dks Attach djuk pkgrs gSa] rks lcls igys gesa ml HTML Element dk Reference ;k Pointer izkIr djuk gksrk gS ftlds lkFk ge gekjs Event Handler dks Attach djuk pkgrs gSa vkSj DOM Tree (In-Memory Representation of Web Page) esa ls fdlh Element ds Reference ;k Pointer dks izkIr djus ds fy, gesa getElementById() Method dks Use djuk gksrk gSA getElementById() JavaScript }kjk Provided ,d ,slk Method gS] tks Argument ds :i esa ml Element ds ID dks Accept djrk gS] ftldk Reference ;k Pointer Return djuk gksrk gSA blhfy, geus fuEukuqlkj JavaScript Code }kjk lcls igys ml <h1> Element dk DOM Tree Reference izkIr fd;k gS] ftlds lkFk gesa gekjs Click Event Handler Code dks Attach djuk gS% var clickMeDOMTreeReference = document.getElementById("clickMe"); vkSj bl <h1> Element dk Reference ge blhfy, izkIr dj ik jgs gSa] D;ksafd geus gekjs <h1> Element ds id Attribute esa fuEukuqlkj “clickMe” eku Specify fd;k gS% <h1 id="clickMe">Click Me to show Current Date and Time</h1>


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bl izdkj ls tc gesa clickMeDOMTreeReference Variable esa <h1> Element dk Reference izkIr gks tkrk gS] rks ge bl <h1> Element ds lkFk fuEukuqlkj Code }kjk ,d Click Event Handler Associate dj ldrs gSa% clickMeDOMTreeReference.onclick = function(){ document.write("Current Date and Time: <strong>" + Date() +"</strong>"); } ifj.kkeLo:i tc ge gekjs Current Web Page dks Web Browser esa Load djds fn[kkbZ nsus okys Heading ij Click djrs gSa] rks JavaScript Interpreter ml JavaScript Anonymous Function Code dks Run dj nsrk gS] ftldk Reference clickMeDOMTreeReference Variable esa Stored gksrk gSA ;kuh vc gekjk JavaScript Code rc Run ugha gksrk] rc Web Page iwjh rjg ls Web Browser esa Load gks tkrk gS] cfYd rc Run gksrk gS] tc ge Web Browser esa fn[kkbZ nsus okys Heading ij Click djrs gSaA bl iqLrd esa Event Handling ls lEcaf/kr iwjk ,d Chapter gS] ftlesa fofHkUu izdkj ds Event Handling Methods dks Detail ls Discuss fd;k x;k gSA fQj Hkh mijksDr Event Handling rjhds dks Bhd ls le>uk vkids fy, mi;ksxh jgsxk] rkfd vkxs vkus okys Chapters esa fn, x, fofHkUu izdkj ds Codes o Concepts ds vk/kkj ij vki Lo;a viuk Event Driven Program cuk ldsaA


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JAvAScript or

ecmAScript fUndAmentAlS


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JAVASCRIPT OR ECMASCRIPT FUNDAMENTALS

fdlh Hkh Programming Language dh rjg JavaScript dk Hkh ,d Fundamental ;k Core Part gS] ftls le>s fcuk ge bl Language dks bldh iwjh Power ds lkFk mi;ksx esa ugha ys ldrsA lkekU;r% lHkh Programming Languages esa ;s Core Part yxHkx ,d tSlk gh gksrk gS blfy, ;fn vkius igys dksbZ Hkh Programming Languages lh[kh gS] rks bl Part dks Clear djus esa vkidks cgqr gh de le; yxsxkA lkekU;r% JavaScript ds Core Part ds vUrxZr gesa ;s le>uk gksrk gS fd JavaScript ds Codes fdl rjg ls fy[ks tkrs gSa] Operators, Data Types, Functions, Looping, Conditions vkfn fdl rjg ls dke djrs gSa] vkfn ckrksa dks tkuuk gksrk gS vkSj bl Chapter esa ge lcls igys bUgha ckrksa dks tkusaxsA

Syntax JavaScript ds Syntax iwjh rjg ls C Language ij vk/kkfjr gS blfy, ;fn vkius “C” Language ;k bl ij vk/kkfjr fdlh vU; Language tSls fd “C++”, “Java”, Perl vkfn esa ls fdlh Hkh ,d Language dks lh[kk gS] rks vki cMh gh vklkuh ls bl Language dks Capture dj ysaxs ysfdu ;fn vki Programming ds ckjs esa dqN Hkh ugha tkurs] rks vkidks de ls de “C” Language t:j lh[kuh pkfg, D;ksafd “C” Language yxHkx lHkh vU; Modern Languages dh Mother Language gS ;kuh yxHkx lHkh Modern Languages “C” Language ds Concepts ij gh vk/kkfjr gSaA

Case Sensitive JavaScript ,d Case Sensitive Language gSA ;kuh bl Language esa ge ftrus Hkh Identifiers Create djrs gSa vFkok tks Hkh Identifiers, Functions, Constant, Variables vkfn igys ls Predefined gSa] os lHkh Case Sensitive gSaA ;kuh JavaScript esa Small Case Letters o Capital Case Letters esa fy[kk x;k ,d gh uke vyx&vyx ekuk tkrk gSA

Identifiers fdlh Hkh Programming Languages esa fdlh Variable, Function, Property, Object, Constant vkfn dks igpkuus ds fy, mldk ,d uke Specify fd;k tkrk gSA bl uke dks gh Identifier dgrs gSaA JavaScript esa Identifier Define djus ds fy, gesa fuEu fu;eksa dks Follow djuk gksrk gS%

1 Identifier dk uke gesa”kk fdlh Upper Case ;k Lower Case Character, Underscore ;k Dollar Sign ls “kq: gksuk pkfg,A

2 Identifier ds uke esa fdlh Special Symbol, Keyword ;k Reserve Word dk iz;ksx ugha djuk pkfg,A


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3 Identifier ds uke esa Digits dk iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS] ysfdu Digits dk iz;ksx dHkh Hkh uke dh “kq:vkr esa ugha gksuk pkfg,A

ECMAScript ds vuqlkj lHkh Identifiers dk uke Camel Case esa gksuk pkfg,A ;kuh uke dh “kq:vkr Small Case Letter ls o ckdh ds lHkh “kCn Capital Case Letter lsA tSls% basicSalary firstCar

Comments ECMAScript “C” Language dh rjg gh nks rjg ls Comments Specify djus dh lqfo/kk nsrk gS% Single Line Comment // This is single Line Comment Multi Line Comment /* This is multiline comment */ Comments dk iz;ksx Programmer viuh t:jr ds vuqlkj fy[ks x, fofHkUu Codes dks T;knk csgrj rjhds ls le>us o ;kn j[kus ds fy, djrk gSA ;s Comments Web Browser esa Render ugha gksrsA ;kuh Comments dsoy Programmer viuh lqfo/kk ds vius Codes dks T;knk Understandable cukus fy, fy[krk gSA

Statements pwafd Web Browser fdlh Hkh JavaScript Code dks Line by Line Interpret djrk gS] blfy, Code dh gj Line dks ,d Statement dgk tkrk gSA ECMAScript esa gj Statement dk vUr ,d Semicolon ls fd;k tkuk t:jh gksrk gS] ;kuh tgka ij Hkh Web Browser dks Semicolon izkIr gksrk gS] og Statement dk vUr le>rk gSA

Block Statements Looping o Conditional Statements ,sls Statements gksrs gSa] tks ,d ls T;knk Statements dk Group gksrs gSaA lkekU;r% bu Statements dks Block Statements dgk tkrk gSA fdlh Block dks gesa”kk Opening o Closing Curly Braces ds Pair ds chp fy[kk tkrk gSA tSls% if (condition) { alert(‘Hi, this is in a if Block’); }


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Block ds vUnj fy[ks x, Statements dk vUr Semicolon ls gksrk gS ysfdu pwafd fdlh ,d Block ds vUnj nwljk Block Nested gks ldrk gS] blfy, Nested Block dk vUr Hkh Semicolon ls ugha gksrkA tSls% if (condition) { alert(‘Hi, this is in a if Block’); if (condition) { alert(‘Hi, I am nested Block’); } }

Keywords and Reserved Words ECMAScript esa dqN ukeksa ;k “kCnksa dks Reserve fd;k x;k gS rFkk dqN ukeksa ;k “kCnksa dk Web Browser ds JavaScript Interpreter ds fy, Special Meaning gksrk gSA blfy, bu ukeksa dks ge lkekU; Identifier dh rjg Use ugha dj ldrsA mnkgj.k ds fy, tc ge if “kCn dk iz;ksx djrs gSa] rc JavaScript Interpreter dks ;s Instruction feyrk gS fd ;fn Parenthesis ds chp Specify dh xbZ Condition True gks] rks Block ds chp Specified lHkh Statements dks Execute djuk gS vU;Fkk ughaA blfy, lkekU; ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ge if “kCn dks Identifier dh rjg Use ugha dj ldrsA Web Site esa Specify fd, x, fofHkUu Keywords fuEukuqlkj gSa% break else new var case finally return void catch for switch while continue function this with default if throw delete in try do instanceof typeof blh rjg ls ECMAScript esa dqN “kCnksa dks Future esa Keywords dh rjg Use djus ds fy, Reserve j[kk gSA blfy, ge bu ukeksa dks Hkh Identifiers dh rjg mi;ksx esa ugha ys ldrsA ;s Reserved Words fuEukuqlkj gSa% abstract enum int short boolean export interface static byte extends long super char final native synchronized class float package throws const goto private transient debugger implements protected volatile double import public


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Variables Variables ,sls uke gksrs gSa ftUgsa ,d Programmer dh rjg ge gekjs Program esa fofHkUu izdkj ds Codes ;k Values dks Identify djus ds fy, Assign djrs gSaA JavaScript esa fdlh Variable dks Define djus ds fy, gesa “var” Operator ds lkFk ml uke dk iz;ksx djuk gksrk gS] ftls ge gekjs JavaScript Program esa Variable dh rjg Use djuk pkgrs gSaA Variables ,sls Memory Locations gksrs gSa] ftudk eku iwjs JavaScript Program ds nkSjku le;≤ ij t:jr ds vuqlkj cnyrk jgrk gSA tSls ;fn ge fdlh Image dh Height o Width dks 300px Set djrs gSa vkSj ge pkgrs gSa fd t:jr ds vuqlkj User ml Image dh Size dks de ;k T;knk dj lds] rks gesa bl Size dks ,d Variable esa Store djuk gksrk gSA pwafd Image dh Size cnyus ds fy, User fdlh u fdlh rjg dk u;k eku Specify djsxk] bl fLFkfr esa Size dk eku cnysxk vkSj tks eku cny ldrk gS] mls Hold djus ds fy, gesa Variable Specify djuk gksrk gSA Variable Define djus ds fy, ge fuEu Syntax dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSa% var variableIdentifierName; variableIdentifierName ds LFkku ij ge ml uke dks Specify djuk gksrk gS] ftls ge Variable dh rjg Use djuk pkgrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, ;fn ge fdlh Employee dh Basic Salary dks vius Program esa Store djuk pkgrs gSa] rks gesa fuEukuqlkj Variable Define djuk gksxk% var basicSalary; ;s Statement Web Browser ds JavaScript Interpreter dks ;s Instruction nsrk gS fd ge ,d ,slk Memory Location pkgrs gSa] tgka ij ge cny ldus okys ekuksa dks Store djsaxs vkSj ml Memory Location dks vius Program esa Access djus ds fy, ge basicSalary “kCn dk iz;ksx uke dh rjg djsaxsA pwafd bl Reserve dh tkus okyh Memory Location dks ge basicSalary uke ls Identify djsaxs] blfy, ;s uke ,d Identifier gSA tcfd bl Memory Location ij Program ds Execution ds nkSjku tks eku Store fd;k tk,xk] og eku le;≤ ij t:jr ds vuqlkj cny ldrk gS] blfy, ;s ,d Variable Identifier gSA tc ge fdlh Variable dks Define djrs gSa] rc mlesa fdlh rjg dk dksbZ eku ugha gksrk gS vkSj tc fdlh Variable esa dksbZ eku ugha gksrk gS] rc Variable dh bl fcuk eku okyh fLFkfr dks “undefined” “kCn }kjk Represent fd;k tkrk gSA ;kuh tc fdlh Variable esa dksbZ eku ugha gksrk] rc mlesa “undefined” gksrk gSA ge fdlh Variable dks Define djrs le; gh mlesa fdlh u fdlh rjg dk eku Specify dj ldrs gSaA ,slk djus ds fy, gesa “=” Operator dks fuEukuqlkj Use djuk gksrk gS% var message = “Hi”;


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;s Statement tks Memory Location Reserve djsxk] ml Memory Location dks Identify djus ds fy, ge message uke dk iz;ksx djsaxs tcfd bl Memory Location ds Reserve gksrs gh] blesa “Hi” “kCn Store gks tk,xkA blfy, bl ckj ;s Variable Undefined ugha gSA ECMAScript esa tc ge fdlh Variable esa dksbZ Value Initialize ;k Assign djrs gSa] rc ml Value ds Data Type ds vuqlkj og Variable Automatically ml Data Type dk gks tkrk gSA ;kuh gesa fdlh Variable ds lkFk vyx&vyx izdkj ds Keywords dks Specify djds JavaScript Interpreter dks ;s ugha crkuk gksrk fd ge ml Variable esa fdl izdkj dk eku Store djsaxs] tSlkfd “C”, “C++”, “Java” vkfn Programming Languages esa crkuk iMrk gSA cfYd JavaScript Interpreter bruk le>nkj gS fd ge tSls gh fdlh eku dks fdlh Variable esa Initialize ;k Assign djrs gSa] JavaScript Lo;a bl ckr dk irk yxk ysrk gS fd geus fdl izdkj dk eku Variable esa Store fd;k gS vkSj JavaScript Lo;a ml Variable dks ml izdkj dk Define dj nsrk gSA tSls& var message = “Hi”; bl Statement esa geus message Variable esa “Hi” eku Specify fd;k gS] tks fd ,d String gSA blfy, JavaScript bl eku dks message Variable esa Store djrs gh] message Variable dks String Data Type dk Variable Define dj nsrk gSA gkykafd ge fdlh ,d Variable esa ,d izdkj dk eku Specify djus ds ckn nwljs fdlh Statement esa vU; izdkj dk eku Hkh Assign dj ldrs gSaA tSls% var message = “Hi”; message = 200; ysfdu gesa ,slk ugha djuk pkfg, D;ksafd JavaScript Interpreter igys message uke ds Variable dks ,d String izdkj dk Variable Define djsxk vkSj Just vxys Statement esa mls ,d Numerical Type ds Variable esa Convert dj nsxkA tc ge fdlh Variable dks Define djrs le; mlds lkFk “var” Operator dk iz;ksx ugha djrs gSa] rc og Variable gesa”kk Global Variable dh rjg O;ogkj djrk gS ;kuh og Variable, Web Browser ds BOM ds window Object dh Property cu tkrk gSA tcfd var Operator dk iz;ksx djus ij og Variable ,d Local Variable dh rjg O;ogkj dj ldrk gS] tcfd mls fdlh Function dh Body esa Define fd;k x;k gksA Functions ds ckjs esa ge vkxs foLrkj ls tkusaxsA Local o Global fdlh Variable ds Scope dks Represent djrs gSaA ;kuh fdlh Program esa dksbZ Variable Program esa fdl LFkku ij Use djus ds fy, miyC/k jgsxk vkSj dgka ij Variable lekIr gks tk,xk] bl ckr dks Variable dk Scope dgk tkrk gS] ftlds ckjs esa ge vkxs foLrkj ls tkusaxsA


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JavaScript esa Hkh ,d gh Statement }kjk ,d ls T;knk Variables Define djus ds fy, ge Comma Operator dk iz;ksx fuEukuqlkj dj ldrs gSa% var basic, salary, bonus; ;fn ge Variables dks Initialize Hkh djuk pkgsa] rks mijksDr Declaration fuEukuqlkj Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gS% var message="Hello!", salary, bonus=12233.50; bu lHkh dks rhu vyx Lines esa fy[kus dh ctk; ge fuEukuqlkj ,d Single Line esa Hkh fy[k ldrs gSa% var message="Hello!", salary, bonus=12233.50;

Initialization V/s Assignment tc ge fdlh Variable dks Define djrs le; gh mlesa fdlh Value dks Specify djds ;s r; dj nsrs gSa fd og Variable fdl izdkj dk ;kuh fdl Data Type dk gS] rks bl izfØ;k dks Initialization dgk tkrk gSA tSls% var message = “Hi”; tcfd fdlh Variable dks Define djus ds ckn Program dh vxyh Line esa vFkok iwjs Program esa dgha vU; LFkku ij tc ml Variable esa Value Specify fd;k tkrk gS] rks bl izfØ;k dks Assignment djuk dgk tkrk gSA tSls% var message; message = “Hi”;


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dAtA And

dAtA tYpeS


1

How to Buy from BccFalna.com इस Website पर उपलब सभी Saleable Hindi EBooks के साथ “Add to Cart” नाम का एक Button Attached है। आप जो भी पसु क खर�दना चाह ेह�, उसके साथ Associated Add to Cart Button को Click कर ेह� वह पुस क �नम न �चतानुसार आपके Shopping Cart म� Add हो जा ी है:

य�द आप कई पुस क� खर�दने हे ु उन ह� अपने Shopping Cart म� Add कर ेह�, ो इसी Shopping Cart म� आपको उन पुस क� क� Actual Rate व Discounted Rate दोन� �दखाई दे ी है। साथ ह� आपको Subtotal के रप म� सभी पुस क� का Total Payable Amount भी �दखाई दे ा है, जो �क उपरोक �चत म� Rs. 1,160.00 है। साथ ह� आप दवारा Shopping Cart म� Add क� गई कुल पुस क� क� संख या व उनका Total Payable Amount यानी Subtotal, दोन� उपरोक �चतानुसार Menubar के Right Side म� भी �दखाई देने लगेगा। जब एक बार आप �कसी पुस क को अपने Shopping Cart म� Add कर ले ेह�, उसके बाद य�द आप Website के �कसी अन य Page को Visit कर ेह�, ब भी आपके Shopping Cart क� Information आपको Menubar के Right Side म� �दखाई दे ी रह ी है, िजससे आपको प ा रह ा है �क आपने कुल �क नी पुस क� को अपने Shopping Cart म� Add �कया है और आप जब चाह� ब अपने Shopping Cart को देखने के �लए “View Cart” Button या Hyperlink को Click कर सक ेह�। य�द आप अपने Shopping Cart म� Add क� गई �कसी पुस क को Delete या �कसी अन य पुस क से Replace करना चाह ेह�, ो इस जरर को पपरा करने के �लए आपको “View Cart” Button पर Click करना हो ा है। आप पपर� Website म� चाहे जहां से “View Cart” Button/Hyperlink को Click कर�, आप हम�शा �नम ् नानुसार Page पर ह� पहंुच ेह�:

http://www.bccfalna.com/how-to-pay/

http://www.bccfalna.com/shop/

2


3

Delete Unwanted Ebooks: EBook के साथ Associated Delete Button को Click करके �कसी भी Unwanted EBook को अपने Shopping Cart से Delete कर सक ेह�। Empty Cart: इस Button को Click करके आप अपने Shopping Cart से सभी EBooks को Delete कर ेहुए उसे पपर� रह से Empty कर सक ेह�। Add to cart: आपके दवारा अपने Shopping Cart म� Add क� गई Ebooks से सम बं� अन य Related EBooks भी इस Page पर �दखाई दे ेह�, िजन ह� य�द आप अपने Shopping Cart म� Add करना चाह�, ो इस Page से भी उसे अपने Shopping Cart म� Add कर सक ेह�। Apply Coupon: समय-समय पर BccFalna.com दवारा Special Offers के रप म� Extra Discount देने के �लए Coupon Code �दया जा ा है। उस Coupon Code को इस Website के �कसी भी Page पर �दखाई देने वाले Coupon Code Textbox म� Specify करके Apply Coupon Button पर Click करके आप अपने Shopping Cart के Total Payable Amount यानी Order Total पर Extra Discount पार कर सक ेह�। Proceed to Checkout: जब आप अपने Shopping Cart से पपर� रह से स ुंष हो े ह� और सभी EBooks का Order Place करना चाह ेह�, ो आपको इस Website के �कसी भी Page पर �दखाई देने वाले Checkout या Proceed to Checkout Button/Hyperlink को Click करना हो ा है। जैसे ह� आप Checkout या Proceed to Checkout Button/Hyperlink को Click कर े ह�, आपके सामने �नम न �चतानुसार Checkout Page Display हो ा है, जहां आपको अपनी Billing Information को Specify करके अपना Payment Mode Select करना हो ा है:


4


5

इसी Page पर आपको अपने Order से सम बं� जानकार� यानी आप दवारा अपने Shopping Cart म� Add क� गई सभी पुस क� के नाम, उनक� Total Price, Cart Subtotal व Order Total (Total Payable Amount) क� Information हो ी है। इ ना ह� नह�ं, य�द आपके पास कोई Coupon Code हो, िजसे आपने Cart Page पर Apply न �कया हो, ो आप उस Coupon Code दवारा �दए जाने वाले Extra Discount को इस Checkout Page के Top म� �नम न �चतानुसार �दखाई देने वाले Hyperlink पर Click करके भी Apply कर ेहुए पार कर सक ेह�।

इस Page के अन म� �दखाई देने वाले Section म� आपको अपने Payment Mode को Select करना हो ा है। यानी आपको य करना हो ा है �क आप अपने Total Payable Amount (Order Total) का Payment CCAvenue Payment Gateway दवारा (ATM Card, Debit Card, Credit Cart या Cash Card के माध यम से अथवा Internet Banking या Mobile Banking) घर बैठे Online Payment करना चाह ेह�। या �फर Bank A/c Details Page पर Specified �व�भन न Bank A/c म� से �कसी एक म� Total Payable Amount का Payment “Offline Manual Payment” Page पर Specified �कसी र�के का पयोग कर ेहुए Deposit करना चाह ेह�। य�द आप CCAvenue Payment Gateway दवारा (ATM Card, Debit Card, Credit Cart या Cash Card के माध यम से अथवा Internet Banking या Mobile Banking) घर बैठे Online Payment कर े ह�, ो Payment Complete हो े ह�, आपके Shopping Cart क� सभी पुस क� के Download Links आपको आपके Email पर ुरन Send कर �दया जा ा है। साथ ह� आप उन पुस क� को Menubar म� �दखाई देने वाले My Account Menu Option पर Click करने पर Display होने वाले Page से भी Download कर सक ेह�। ले�कन य�द आपके पास �कसी पकार का ATM Card, Debit Card, Credit Cart या Cash Card नह� ंहै, न ह� आपके पास �कसी Bank क� Internet Banking या Mobile Banking सु�व ा है, ो उस िसथ� म� अपना Offline Order Place करने के �लए आप Offline Manual Payment Option को Select कर सक ेह�, िजसके अन गर आपको आप दवारा Order क� गई पुस क� का Download Link ब पार हो ी है,


http://www.bccfalna.com/payment-options/

http://www.bccfalna.com/how-to-deposit-payment/

http://www.bccfalna.com/my-account/

6

जब आप अपने Shopping Cart के Total Payable Amount का Payment “Offline Manual Payment” Page पर Specified �कसी र�के का पयोग कर ेहुए Bank A/c Details Page पर Specified �व�भन न Bank A/c म� से �कसी एक म� कर ेह�। पुस क� खर�दने हे ु Payment करने के �लए आप अपनी सु�व ानुसार CCAvenue या Offline Manual Payment म� से चाहे जो र�का Select कर�, आपको इस Checkout Page के �बल कुल Bottom म� पर �दखाई देने वाले “I’ve read and accept the terms & conditions” Checkbox को Check करके “Place order” Button पर Click करना हो ा है।




http://www.bccfalna.com/product-type-refund-policy/

7

How to Pay using “Offline Manual Payment” जब आप अपने Total Payable Amount का Payment करने के �लए Checkout Page पर CCAvenue के Online Payment Gateway के स थान पर Offline Manual Payment Option को Select कर े ह�, ो Option आपके सामने �नम न �चतानुसार Expand हो जा ा है, िजस पर Order था Payment करने से सम बं� महत वपपणर जानकाारया ंहो ी ह�:

जब आप इस Offline Manual Payment Option को Select कर े हुए “Place order” Button पर Click कर े ह�, ो इस Button को Click कर े ह� आपका Order Place हो जा ा है, िजसक� जानकार� आपको �नम न �चतानुसार पार हो ी है:


http://www.bccfalna.com/ebooks/wp-content/uploads/ebooks/2014/06/Offline-Manual-Payment-00.png

8

ये Webpage आप दवारा Place �कए गए Order क� Information के साथ ह� Order क� गई पसु क� के Download Links पार करने के �लए Follow �कए जाने वाले अगले Step क� जानकार� भी दे ा है, साथ ह� इस Page पर �दखाई देने वाल� सार� Information आपको आपके Email पर भी Send कर द� जा ी है, िजन ह� Follow कर े हुए आप अपने Total Payable Amount का Payment Offline Manual Payment Page पर Specified �कसी भी र�के का पयोग कर े हुए करके अपनी Order क� गई पसु क� के Download Links पार कर सक े ह�। जब आप इस Offline Manual Payment Option को Select कर े हुए Order Place कर े ह�, ो आपका Order ब क On-Hold Status म� रह ा है, जब क �क आप Offline Manual





9

Payment Page पर Specified �कसी भी र�के का पयोग कर े हुए अपना Total Payable Amount, हमारे Bank A/c Details Page पर Specified �व�भन न Bank A/c म� से �कसी एक म� Deposit करके Mobile Number:097994-55505 पर Call/Miss Call कर े हुए अपने Payment Deposit करने से सम ब�ं जानकार� नह�ं दे दे े। जब�क अपने Order क� Current Status देखने के �लए आप Website के Menubar म� �दखाई देने वाले My Account Menu Option पर Click कर सक े ह�, जहां आपके Order क� Current Status Information �नम न �चतानुसार �दखाई दे ी है:





10

जैसे ह� आप अपना Total Payable Amount हमारे �कसी भी Bank A/c म� Deposit/Transfer कर े ह�, आपको हम� Mobile No. : 097994-55505 पर Call/Miss Call कर े हुए अपने Payment Deposit/Transfer करने क� जानकार� देनी हो ी है। पारणामस वरप जैसे ह� आपका Total Payable Amount हमारे Bank A/c म� Transfer हो ा है, 10 �मन क� अव� म� आप दवारा Order क� गई पसु क� का Download Link Activate कर े हुए आपको Email Send कर �दया जा ा है, िजनम� सभी खर�द� गई पसु क� का Download Link हो ा है। साथ ह� आप इन पुस क� को अपने My Account Page से भी Download कर सक े ह�, जहा ंDownload Link Activate होने के बाद आपको अपना My Account Page �नम न �चतानुसार �दखाई देने लग ा है:

साथ ह� �कसी Particular Order क� Details पार करने के �लए आप इस My Account Page पर �दखाई देने वाले View Button को भी Click कर सक े ह�:







11

जहां आप अपने Order ID, Order Date व Current Status के साथ ह� Order क� गई पसु क� क� Details था Total Payable Amount (Order Total) क� भी Detailed जानकार� पार कर सक े ह�।


12

How to Pay using CCAvenue जब आप अपनी Order क� गई पुस क� के Download Links पार करने के �लए Total Payable Amount का Payment घर बैठे Online Payment कर े हुए पार करना चाह े ह�, ब Checkout Page पर आपको CCAvenue (Online Payment) Option को Select करना हो ा है, जो �क �नम नानुसार �दखाई दे ा है:

इस Option को Select करके “I’ve read and accept the terms & conditions” Checkbox को Check कर ेहुए जैसे ह� आप “Place order” Button पर Click कर ेह�, आपके सामने �नम न �चतानुसार अगला Webpage Display हो ा है:


http://www.bccfalna.com/product-type-refund-policy/

13

अपनी सु�व ा व इच ानुसार आप अपने Debit Card (ATM Card),, Credit Card, Net Banking, Cash

Card या Mobile Payments Option को Select कर े हुए उपरोक �चत म� दशारए अनुसार सभी जरर� Payment Information को Fill करके Make Payment Button पर Click कर ेह�, िजसके पारणामस वरप आपका Payment Transfer हो ेह� आप �नम न �चतानुसार My Account Page पर पहंुच जा ेह�, जहां पर आप दवारा Order क� गई सभी पुस क� के Download Links हो ेह�:



14

य�द आप चाह� ो अपनी Order क� गई सभी पुस क� को इस My Account Page से Download कर सक ेह�। जब�क आपका Payment Transfer Process Complete हो ेह� आपको एक Email भी Send कर �दया जा ा है, िजसम� आप दवारा खर�द� गई पुस क� के Download Links हो ेह� और य�द आप चाह�, ो अपनी खर�द� गई पुस क� को अपने Email से भी Download कर सक ेह�।



15

Offline Manual Methods to Pay “Total Payable Amount” viuk Total Payable Amount Pay djus ds fy, vki viuh lqfo/kkuqlkj fuEu esa ls fdlh Hkh rjhds dks Use dj ldrs gSa%

Fund Transfer Using ATM Machine orZeku le; esa yxHkx lHkh Banks viuh ATM Machine }kjk Fund Transfer djus dh lqfo/kk Provide djrs gSa] tgka vki vius ATM Card }kjk gekjs fdlh Hkh Bank Account esa viuh iqLrdksa dk Total Payable Amount Transfer dj ldrs gSaA vr% ;fn vkids ikl fuEu esa ls fdlh Hkh State Bank dk Debit Card gS%

• SBI (State Bank of India) • SBBJ (State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur) • SBH (State Bank of Bikaner and Hyderabad) • SBP (State Bank of Bikaner and Patiala) • SBM (State Bank of Mysore) • SBT (State Bank of Travancore)

vFkok PNB (Punjab National Bank) ;k BOB (Bank of Baroda) dk Debit Card gS] rks vki SBI/PNB/BOB ds ATM Machine ls Hkh viuk Payment gekjs SBI/PNB/BOB Bank A/c esa Transfer dj ldrs gSaA ;fn vki SBI ATM Machine ls gekjs SBI Bank A/c esa Payment Transfer djuk pkgrs gSa] rks vkidks fuEu Steps dks Follow djuk gksrk gS%

SBI ATM Machine esa viuk Debit Card, Swipe dhft,A ATM Screen ds Bottom Right Corner esa fn[kkbZ nsus okys Transfer uke ds Option dks

Select dhft,A vius Debit Card dk PIN Number Enter dhft,A vc Card to Card Transfer uke ds Option dks Select dhft,A vc gekjs SBI Debit Card Number (6220180786800030243) dks Enter dhft,A vc gekjs SBI Debit Card Number (6220180786800030243) dks nksckjk Enter dhft,A vc Transferable Amount ds :i esa Total Payable Amount Specify dhft,A vc vius Account Type (Savings or Checking) dks Select dhft,A mijksDr lHkh Steps lgh rjhds ls Follow gksus dh fLFkfr esa vkidk Transaction

Complete gks pqdk gS vkSj Total Payable Amount yxHkx rqjUr gekjs SBI Bank A/c esa tek gks tkrk gSA


16

Bhd blh rjg ds Steps vkidks ml le; Hkh Follow djus gksrs gSa] tc vki PNB या BOB ds

ATM Machine ds ek/;e ls gekjs PNB Bank A/c esa Total Payable Amount, Card to Card Transfer djrs gSaA gkykafd vki HDFC, IDB, ICICI tSls dbZ vU; ATM Machines }kjk Hkh Card to Card Transfer dj ldrs gSa] ysfdu ;fn nksuksa Debit Cards leku Banks (PNB, SBI or BOB) ds u gksa] rks Transaction Perform gksus esa 24 ls 96 ?k.Vs dk le; yxrk gSA

blfy, bl fLFkfr esa csgrj ;gh gksrk gS fd ;fn vkids ikl Net Banking, Mobile Baking, AirTel Money ;k SBI/PNB/BOB Debit Card fdlh Hkh rjg dh lqfo/kk u gks] rks vki Total Payable Amount dk Payment djus ds fy, Cash Deposit rjhds dks gh Use djsa vFkok Bank esa tkdj NEFT Transfer Hkh dj ldrs gSa] ftlesa vkidk Payment vf/kdre 4 ?k.Vs ds njE;ku gekjs Bank A/c esa Deposit gks tkrk gSA

Payment Transfer Using Net-Banking ;fn vkids ikl Net-Banking dh lqfo/kk gS] rks vki Payment Transfer djus ds fy, vius Account esa Login djds fuEu esa ls fdlh Hkh Bank A/c esa Payment Deposit dj ldrs gSa%


17


18

tc vki Net-Banking ds ek/;e ls Payment djuk pkgrs gSa] rks vkidks yxHkx 8 ls 24 ?k.Vs igys gekjs ml Account dks Beneficiary ds :i esa vius Bank A/c ls Link djuk iMrk gS] ftlesa vki Payment Transfer djuk pkgrs gSaA tc ,d ckj gekjk Bank Account Beneficiary ds :i esa Activate gks tkrk gS] mlds ckn vki ml Bank Account esa viuk Total Payable Amount Transfer dj ldrs gSaA

Pay with Mobile-Banking or AirTel Money ;fn vkius vius Mobile Number ij AirTel Money uke dh Service dks Activate fd;k gqvk gS] rks vki vius Mobile }kjk AirTel Money Account ds ek/;e ls Hkh gesa Payment dj ldrs gSaA tcfd ;fn vkius vius Bank ls Mobile Banking dh lqfo/kk dks Activate djok;k gqvk gS] rks vki vius Mobile }kjk gesa Mobile-Banking ds ek/;e ls Hkh Payment Transfer dj ldrs gSaA ;fn vki viuk Total Payable Amount Pay djus ds fy, AirTel Money ;k Mobile Banking Transfer lqfo/kk dks Use djrs gSa] rks vkidk Payment rqjUr gekjs Account esa Transfer gks tkrk gSA blfy, rqjUr EBooks izkIr djus gsrq Payment Transfer djus dk ;s lcls rst rjhdk gSA tcfd blds vykok tks nwljk lcls rst rjhdk gS] og ATM Machine }kjk Fund Transfer lqfo/kk dk mi;ksx djrs gq, Payment Transfer djuk gSA tcfd Internet-Banking ml fLFkfr esa dkQh /khek Process gS] tc vki igyh ckj Payment dj jgs gksrs gSa] D;ksafd First Time Payment djus ls igys vkidks Beneficiary ds :i esa gekjs fdlh ,d Bank Account dks vius Bank Account ls Link djuk iMrk gS vkSj bl Process esa Payment Transfer gsrq gekjk Bank Account Activate gksus esa de ls de 8 ls 24 ?k.Vs dk le; yxrk gSA gkykafd ,d ckj Account Activate gks tkus ds ckn vkidk Transfer rqjUr gks tkrk gSA


19

tcfd Cash Deposit dk rjhdk lcls /khek rjhdk gS] tgka vki Bank Holidays dks Payment Deposit ugha dj ldrs vkSj Business Days esa Hkh Payment Deposit djus dk ,d fuf”pr le; 10PM to 4AM gksrk gSA

Cash Deposit in Bank Brach ;fn vkids ikl Net-Banking ;k Mobile-Banking dh lqfo/kk ugha gS] rks vki gekjs fdlh Hkh Bank A/c esa Total Payable Amount, Cash Deposit Hkh dj ldrs gSa vFkok vki Bank Branch esa tkdj NEFT Transfer ds ek/;e ls Hkh Payment dj ldrs gSa] tks fd Cash Deposit ds leku gh gksrk gSA

tc vki Direct Deposit djuk pkgrs gSa] rc vkidks vkids fdlh Hkh utnhdh Bank Branch esa tkdj ,d Payment Deposit Slip Fill-Up djuk gksrk gS] ftlesa vkidks gekjs fdlh Hkh Bank A/c dh Information dks Fill djuk gksrk gS] tcfd Payment Deposit djokus ds fy, mlh Bank esa vkidk Lo;a dk Account gksuk t:jh ugha gSA

mnkgj.k ds fy, ;fn vki gekjs SBI Bank A/c esa viuh Selected iqLrdksa dk Total Payable Amount Pay djus ds fy, Bank esa tkdj Direct Deposit djuk pkgrs gSa] rks vki tks Payment Deposit Slip Fill-Up djsaxs] og fuEu fp=kuqlkj djuk gksrk gS%


20

bl fp= }kjk vki le> ldrs gSa fd Payment, Direct Deposit djus ds fy, vkidks gekjs fdlh Bank A/c dh Information dks Payment Deposit Slip esa Specify djuk gksrk gS] blfy, ml Bank esa vkidk Lo;a dk Bank A/c gksuk t:jh ugha gksrkA

blh rjg ls ;fn vki pkgsa] rks gekjs fdlh Hkh Bank A/c esa Check }kjk Hkh Total Payable Amount dk Check Deposit dj ldrs gSaA ;kuh vki fdlh Hkh rjhds ls gekjs fdlh Hkh Bank A/c esa Total Payable Amount Deposit dj ldrs gSaA ysfdu ge Money-Order, Demand-Draft ;k Check tSls Manual ek/;eksa ls Payment Accept ugha djrs] D;ksafd bl rjg dk Payment Clear gksus esa cgqr le; yxrk gSA tcfd ATM Fund Transfer, Cash Deposit, Mobile Banking vFkok Net-Banking ds ek/;e ls rqjUr Payment Transfer gks tkrk gS] ftlls ge vkidks vkidh Purchased EBooks 10 ls 30 Minute ds njE;ku vkids Order esa Specified Email Address ij Send dj nsrs gSaA


21

viuk Payment djus ds fy, vki ftu Offline Manual rjhdksa dks mi;ksx esa ys ldrs gSa] mudh Detailed Information vki http://www.bccfalna.com/how-to-deposit-payment/ ls Hkh izkIr dj ldrs gSa] tgka vkidks Payment djus ls lEcaf/kr fdlh Hkh rjg dk Latest Update izkIr gksrk gSA

Pay with PayPal if you live Out Of India ;fn vki India esa ugha jgrs ysfdu ;s Hindi EBooks [kjhnuk pkgrs gSa] rks vki viuh okafNr iqLrdksa ds Total Payable Amount dk Hkqxrku gesa PayPal ds ek/;e ls [email protected] ij Hkh Send dj ldrs gSaA

pwafd International Payment Processing esa fofHkUu izdkj ds Extra Charges Pay djus gksrs gSa] blfy, PayPal ds ek/;e ls Payment djrs le; vkidks Total Payable Amount (In USD) + $2 dk Extra Payment Send djuk t:jh gksrk gSA

viuk Payment Send djus ds ckn vki vius Payment dh Information gesa SMS ;k Email ds ek/;e ls ns ldrs gSaA tSls gh vkidk Email/SMS gesa izkIr gksxk] vki }kjk Order dh xbZ iqLrdksa dk Download Link vkids Email Address ij ftruk tYnh lEHko gksxk] mruk tYnh Send dj fn;k tk,xkA

Confirm the Payment tc vki viuh Order dh xbZ iqLrdksa dks [kjhnus ds fy, mijksDrkuqlkj fdlh Hkh Offline Manual rjhds ls “Total Payable Amount” gekjs fdlh Hkh Bank A/c esa Deposit/Transfer dj nsrs gSa] rks Payment Deposit/Transfer djrs gh vkidks gesa mlh Mobile Number ls ,d Call/Miss Call/SMS djuk gksrk gS] ftls vkius Order Place djrs le; “Order Form” esa Specify fd;k FkkA

blh Mobile Number ds ek/;e ls gesa irk pyrk gS fd vkius fdu iqLrdksa ds fy, dkSulk Order fd;k gS vkSj mudk Total Payable Amount fdruk gSA lkFk gh gesa ;s Hkh irk py tkrk gS fd vki }kjk Purchase dh tk jgh iqLrdsa fdl Email Address ij Send djuh gSA

vkids Total Payable Amount dks ge Net-Banking ds ek/;e ls vius Bank A/c esa Check djrs gSa vkSj ;fn vkidk Total Payable Amount gekjs fdlh Hkh Bank A/c esa Deposit/Transfer gqvk gksrk gS] rks ge vkidks 10 Minute ds njE;ku vkidh Order dh xbZ EBooks vkids Email Address ij Send dj nsrs gSa] ftls vki vxys 2 fnuksa esa dHkh Hkh Download dj ldrs gSaA



mailto:[email protected]

22

Bank A/c Details आप भार के �कसी भी SBI, SBBJ, BOB या PNB Bank Branch से Cash, Check अथवा Internet Banking के माध यम से �नम न म� से �कसी भी Bank A/c म� Payment Deposit कर सक े ह�।


23

If you have any problem ;fn iqLrds a [kjhnus ls lEcaf/kr fdlh Hkh izdkj dh dksbZ ckr vkidks Bhd ls le> esa u vkbZ gks ;k fdlh Hkh rjg dk Confusion gks] rks vki 097994-55505 ij Call/Miss Call/SMS dj ldrs gSaA ;Fkk lEHko rqjUr vkidh leL;k dk lek/kku fd;k tk,xkA pwafd ;s lkjh iqLrdsa PDF Format Softcopy Ebooks gSa blfy, bu iqLrdksa dk Download Link vkidks vkids Email ij gh Send fd;k tkrk gS ] ftUgsa Click djrs gh ;s iqLrds a vkids Computer ij Download gksuk “kq: gks tkrh gSaA


24

,d ckj bu iqLrdksa dks Download djus ds ckn vki bUgsa fdlh Hkh PDF Supported Computer, Mobile, Smart Phone, Tablet PC, Net-Book, Notebook ;k Laptop tSlh Device ds ek/;e ls i< ldrs gSa vFkok ;fn vki pkgsa] rks vius Printer }kjk bu iqLrdksa dk Hard Copy Printout fudky ldrs gSaA pwafd bu iqLrdksa ds Download Links vkidks vkids Email Address ij gh izkIr gksrs gSa] blfy, t:jh gS fd mijksDr “Order Form” ij vki viuk tks Email Address o Mobile Number Specify djrs gSa] og Working vkSj ,dne lgh gksA D;ksafd fdlh Hkh rjg dh ijs”kkuh gksus dh fLFkfr esa ge vkidks vkids Mobile Number vFkok Email Address }kjk gh Contact djrs gSaA


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