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Advances in Hydro-Environment Research
Water–Energy–Food–Environment
EXPANDING THE NEXUS
Prof Arthur E Mynett
Hong Kong, Nov 2014
1. International Hydrological Programme
(research)
2. UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education
(capacity development)
3. Secretariat of the World Water Assessment Programme
(data)
UNESCO is the largest body within the United Nations system
dealing with the most comprehensive range of water activities.
UNESCO & WATER
UNESCO’s water activities:
2009 2003 2006
2012
Sustainable Delta Development
THE DUTCH EXPERIENCE
Prof Arthur E Mynett Prof Arthur E Mynett
Vice President IAHR
CHAIR LOC IAHR-2015
Hong Kong, Nov 2014
WELCOME !! 28 June – 3 July, 2015
2
4
3
5
6
1
0
Glo
bal
T
emper
ature
(°
C)
IPCC Projections
for 2100
N.H
. T
emper
ature
(°C
)
0
0.5
1
-0.5
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Lower Risk for
Instabilities
High Risk
for Instabilities
11
Climate Change: What do we know?
Global Mean Temperature
has increased
Greenhouse Gases
do play a role
Reducing Emissions alone will not avoid impacts
U.S
. Bu
rea
u o
f the
Ce
ns
us
natural disaster
events reported
from 1900 - 2007
Total
Water-
related
Earth-
quake
500 events/year
400
300
200
100
0
Damages of Floods in 1990's
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000
Death Tolls (Persons)
Eco
no
mic
Lo
sses
(M
illi
on
US
D)
Asia
China
Japan
Europe
N.Am
Others
11
Korea
Czech
ドイツ
China
Nepal
India
Bangladesh
Bolivia
Haiti/ Jamaica
Uruguay
USA
Mexico
Ecuador
Peru Micronesia
Philippines
Indonesia
Vietnam
Senegal
Ethiopia
Turkey
Austria
Kenya
France Afghanistan
Russia
Sri Lanka
Flood Drought
FLOODS and DROUGHTS impact food, human lives, political crises
MYNETT for YRF5
WE WILL NEED MORE
STORAGE
STORAGE
IS THE NEXUS BETWEEN
WATER – FOOD – ENERGY
43 746
1,287 1,406
2,486 3,255
4,729
6,150
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
Eth
iop
ia
So
uth
Afr
ica
Th
aila
nd
La
os
Ch
ina
Bra
zil
Au
str
alia
No
rth
Am
erica
water storage per person (m3)
Infrastructure gap: Water storage [m3/person]
2
10
25
50
100
>100
Stored Runoff
< 2% annual flow
1800 2000 1900
• 700% increase in
water held by river
systems
• Several years of
residence time
change in many
basins
• Tripling of river runoff
travel times globally
(from 20 up to 60
days)
• Substantial impact
on aquatic
biodiversity
• Interception of 30%
of continental TSS
flux
1950 2000
History of US Dam & Reservoir Construction
From: Vörösmarty et al. 2004, Eos-AGU Trans.
THE GLOBAL HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL
Africa 92%
Asia 80%
Australia/Oceania 80%
Latin America
74%
90% of expected increase 2010-2035 in non OECD Countries
undeveloped hydropower potential
HYDROPOWER
World Water Development Report
• Flood regulation and management
• Coupling regulation of flow and sediment transport
World Water Development Report
World Water Development Report
BLUE WATER AVAILABILITY APPROACHING CRITICAL LIMITS
World Water Development Report
World Water Development Report
GROUNDWATER AVAILABILITY APPROACHING CRITICAL LIMITS
THE OTHER SIDE OF THE NEXUS: ENERGY WATER
World Water Development Report
MEETING THE CHALLENGE
• Energy smart and water efficient AGRICULTURE • Innovative CITIES • An enhanced role for INDUSTRY • Prioritizing ECOSYSTEM SERVICES • SMART power generation
World Water Development Report
‘Living with Water’ new concepts in spatial planning
‘Living with Water’ new concepts in urban development
the WATER–ENERGY–FOOD–ENVIRONMENT nexus: at the heart of Hydro-Environment research
World Water Development Report
28 June - 3 July 2015
Delft–The Hague Netherlands
www.iahr2015.info
DELTAS OF THE FUTURE AND WHAT HAPPENS
UPSTREAM
KEY DATES
November 4, 2014 Submission of ABSTRACTS
December 1, 2014 Notification of ACCEPTANCE
February 1, 2015 FULL PAPER / EXT ABSTRACT
EARLY BIRD registratiion deadline
April 1, 2015 FINAL NOTIFICATION
June 21–27, 2015
short courses / master class, Delft
June 28–3 July, 2015
IAHR World Congress, The Hague
WELCOME !! 28 June – 3 July, 2015