aeroitba petrel 912i · petrel 912 i the petrel 912 i is an aircraft entitled to vfr flying,...

AEROITBA PETREL 912i

INTRODUCTION

After the 1994 General Aviation Product Liability Reform Bill, the sport aviation market is an area in constant evolu-tion, mobilized by the rapid growth of aviation activity created the constant technological advances that enable new and varied opportunities to participate. This evolution, which is a current reality in U.S. and Euro-pean arena, finds most of the countries in a precarious situation, characterized by a marked lack of flying means, a progressive deterioration of the old fleet of sport and instruction aircraft and serious difficulties for an economi-cally viable renewal.

This state of affairs has acted as a factor of inspiration to mobilize a joint venture that aims to provide a solution to make accessible the acquisition of new aircraft by flying clubs, flight schools and amateur individuals, tending to recover the sports flying.

We believe to be fulfilling our purpose with the 912 Petrel i, having addressed the development of an aircraft that is both:

› Feasible to build in the country; › Suitable for flight instruction, through the certification process before the DNA according with international regulations and for sport flight;

› Economically acceptable, for its low acquisition price, as well as its low operating and maintenance costs.

The Petrel 912 i has been developed with the latest com-puter design technology and was built according to strict national and international regulations, with proper inspec-tion and approval of aviation authorities (DNA) performed as part of the certification process that we are accomplish-ing in parallel with the construction.

01Aeroitba Petrel 912i

02

In 2004 a group of students from the Engineering Insti-tute of Technology Buenos Aires (ITBA) requested finan-cial support of the academic authorities of the Institute to design, develop and build a Very Light Aircraft (CS-VLA).

The students proposal found positive echoes in the ITBA`s Council of Regency, which came into contact with an aeronautics engineer with proven experience and ability to lead the project.

Such ITBA´s ventures already had successful track record in other branches of engineering, in which professors and students of the Institute had conducted, with marked success, developing and presenting projects in various national and international fields.

For the launch of this initiative, the Institute signed an agreement of joint venture with a company formed ad-hoc: Proyecto Petrel S.A.

GENESIS OF THE PROYECT

The students proposal

found positive echoes in

the ITBA`s Council of

Regency, which came into

contact with an aeronau-

tics engineer with proven

experience and ability to

lead the project.

Aeroitba Petrel 912i

03

We form a team of aeronautical engineers, pilots and private entrepreneurs, all Argentines with extensive experience in our respective spheres of competence, who perceiving the described scene and the situation of the domestic industry, partnered to develop, certify and produce a normal light plane, according to national and international standards, CS-VLA (JAR-VLA). To this end, during 2005 we formed the company "Proyecto Petrel S.A.", whose statutory goal is to operate in the field of aircraft design, certification, production, marketing and t maintenance.

Raised the idea at various national universities, we agreed with the initiative of the Technological Institute of Buenos Aires, private university, with which, by mutual agree-ment, we decided to partner.

PROYECTO PETREL S.A. «WHO ARE WE?»


“JOIN VENTURE”

With the idea of ensuring a maximum level of excellence in developing the addressed design and in the tests necessary for the production and certification of the aircraft to create, the Company associated with the aforementioned Univer-sity, considering it´s prestige in the engineering field as well as in the research and development, within the broad spectrum of engineering.

During the year 2005 the necessary contracts were signed between the Proyecto Petrel S.A. and the Technological Institute of Buenos Aires (ITBA), to unite in a joint venture in order to pursue the common initiative.

For its part Proyecto Petrel S.A. took over financing the development of the enterprise, contributing to the ITBA the said aeronautics engineer project manager to build the plane serial No. 0001 and deal with the National Directorate of Airworthiness (DCA - DNA), competent national authority in this field, for the certification of the aircraft built.

Thus the company has been responsible for fulfilling all the requirements for national certification of the aircraft, next to materialize, coordinating and working closely with the ITBA and the DCA, for the preparation of documentation and doing all the relevant trials.

The existing agreement has enabled the said university to involve students in a top-level requirements unique project, designing a plane with next-generation, computer aided technologies, and adding the participation in the certifica-tion process of an aviation product, conducted in the country just occasionally.

The registered trademarks and patents arising from the project belong to the Technological Institute of Buenos Aires, belonging to Proyecto Petrel S.A. the "expertise" of certification and licensing for production and marketing of the aircraft developed.


CERTIFICATION

The aircraft certification process for air operation in the category in which will be framed holds the highest level of importance at the national and international aeronauti-cal activities.

That is why, having Proyecto Petrel S.A. decided to design and produce an aircraft under the rules that define the category CS-VLA (JAR-VLA) we sought to optimize the ratio between the cost of going through a certification process to overcome the experimental aircraft category and the benefits of been able to offer a certificated aircraft to ensure flight conditions and security for both, instruction and sport flight.

Moreover, it is noted that the national authority to estab-lish, monitor and enforce the rules that allow the certifica-tion of an aircraft or aircraft component of it, is the National Directorate of Airworthiness (DNA), through the Department of Aeronautics Certification (DCA), highly competent body in close relation with the U.S. FAA through an agreement between the U.S. and Argentine govern-ments for export – import of civil aeronautical products.

Based on a permanent and closely coordinated relationship with that authority, Proyecto Petrel S.A. and the Technologi-cal Institute of Buenos Aires have carried the process of certification of Petrel 912 i.


PETREL 912 i

The Petrel 912 i is an aircraft entitled to VFR flying, designed and built in accordance with national and international standards CS-VLA (JAR-VLA), whose performances are similar to those of the old Cessna 152, Piper PA-11, Toma-hawk, etc. or the new "Light Sport Aircraft" (LSA) category.

Our purpose is to offer the aviation market a modern, safe airplane, with low costs of acquisition, operation and maintenance, specially designed to cover with two versions, the private pilot basic training requirements and sport flying needs. Referring to their capabilities for flight instruction is planned to extend the same for night and instrument in the short term.

Its qualities can be summed up in: › Twin-seater, side by side, high-wing, tricycle train and electric start.› Wide-maneuverability and low stall and approximation speeds. › Short takeoff and landing. › Optimum 360° visibility. › Provision of ergonomic cabin, optimized for flight instruc-tion. › Low-cost operation and maintenance. › Robust and proven structure construction. › Simple and reliable systems, with low possibility of failure.

› Design margins, proven to withstand +3.8 g and -2g, with an additional safety factor of 1.5 › Possibility to install ballistic security parachute (optional).

Details of construction The different solutions adopted for the construction of 912 Petrel i emerge from tested and accepted processes for this category of aircraft in the U.S. aviation. We have used on our project the valuable experience accumulated over thousands of flying hours in that market, the largest aviation market in the world.

The solutions adopted result valid for two alternatives, the CS-VLA certified aircraft version and 912 i´s LSA (ASTM) version.

Fuselage The fuselage of the 912 Petrel i consists of a lattice struc-ture, steel pipes SAE 4130 soldiers through a MIG process, with a sturdy cabin that surrounds and protects the pilots, designed to absorb impacts. In such a structure finish the main charges, produced in all phases of flight.

The engine bench is also built in 4130 SAE steel tubes and is linked to the fuselage through bolts AN 4.

The conformation of the whole tail, also built in steel SAE

06

Our purpose is to offer the

aviation market a modern,

safe airplane, with low costs

of acquisition, operation

and maintenance.


4130, introduce the feature of allowing the folding of horizontal empennage, to facilitate the aircraft transport. The fuselage is lined in Dacron on the sides and bottom of tail cone, and so are the components of empennage, while the front of the plane, the upper tail cone and the doors are pieces built in composite materials.

WingsThe wings of the 912 Petrel i have a last generation aerody-namic profile GA 30315. For the wings was adopted a rectangular shape instead of the trapezoidal, considering the advantages offered for construction, maintenance and further reducing costs, versus the minimum worsening of the performance in flight this may produce given the instruction flight speed scheduled for Petrel 912 i.

The structures of the wings are formed by two 6061T6 aluminum tubular beams, three inches in diameter at the leading edge and two inches, on the back edge, binded with each other by diagonal bars and compression 6061T6 aluminum tubes of an inch in diameter. This structure is joined by stainless steel rivets and bolts AN.

The shape of the airfoil is achieved through ribs in alumi-num tube (all equal), set to the beams with aluminum rivets. It is under analyses the future use of stamped stations, instead of the current ribs.

The unions of the movable surfaces to the wings, flaps and ailerons, are carried out through stainless steel fittings and bolts AN3-15.

The wings are lined in Dacron, with a strengthening internal aluminum 2024 T3, in the forward section of them, to achieve better "cleaning" and continuity in the aerody-namic profile. Two fuel tanks are contained in the wings, one in each of them, located at the root of the same, with easy access for repair or removal, prior dismounting the respective wing.

Both wings join the fuselage through AN bolts and a system of pillars and montantines. The pillars are made in 6061 T6 aluminum profiling and montantines in steel tubes SAE 4130.

Landing gearThe main landing gear consists of two cross-bows conical steel SAE 6150 heat-treated, designed so that in case of impact with an obstacle, they function as mechanical fuses, avoiding structure damage of the fuse-lage.

The nose train is formed by two pieces , the first is a steel tube SAE 4130 that is inserted into the cabin and can rotate on its axis and the second is the fork itself. There is a spiral spring inside it which acts as shock absorber.

07

The wings of the Petrel

912i have a last generation

aerodynamic profile GA

30315


The possibility of turning the main nose train pieces, allows steering control on land through the pedals.

Flight CommandsThe flight command in the Petrel 912i takes place from the cabin, through two sticks and four pedals (command duplicates).

The depth command set is made up of pieces built mostly in steel SAE 4130, while the ailerons control is effected by two sets, one built with 6061T6 aluminum tubes of 5 / 8, located in each wing and the other by Stainless steel cables 7x19 MIL W83420 of 3/32, located in the fuselage, both systems are interconnected by pulleys and fittings.

The system for controlling ailerons, introduce the feature of allowing its rapid disconnection to facilitate dismounting of the wings.

The direction control is via the pedals located in the cabin, through wires which link them to the helm of the tail and nose wheel. Besides, the pedals embody the actuators for the main train's brakes.

The command of the flaps is done from a central lever manually operated, located between both seats, linked to the horn of the flaps by Teleflex cables, which allows to

select four digits, 0 °, 12, 24 º and 36 º.

EquipmentThe submitted Petrel 912 i, has the equipment for regula-tory VFR flight and also includes: flowmeter to monitor fuel consumption, VHF radio, transponder, intercom, Garmin GPSMap 296 navigator (integrated on the board), naviga-tion and strobe lights, landing headlamp and stall alarm - angle of attack indicator.

The structure of Petrel 912 i is ready to incorporate, also optionally, a safety parachute (BRS ballistic parachute 1250).

ManualsThe Petrel 912i is delivered with the following manuals:

› Flight Manual; › Checklist for normal and emergency procedures; › Maintenance Manual; › Illustrated Catalogue of Parts; › Program for continued airworthiness.


PETREL 912i SPECIFICATIONS

Wing span

Area

Mean Chord

Aspect

Length

Height

Cockpit With

Headroom

Legroom

Number of seats

Doors

Landing Gear

Baggage Volume

Baggage Capacity

Auxiliary Baggage Volume

Auxiliary Baggage Capacity

Fuel Capacity

POWER PLANT ROTAX 912I

Engine Rotax 912

Output

Oil Capacity

Coolant Capacity

Propeller Diameter

Propeller Type

Gear Reduction

Fuel Consumption

WEIGHT AND LOADINGS

Gross Weight

Empty Weight

Useful Load

Wing Loading

Power Loading

Limit Load Factor

9.6 m

13.518 m2

1.408 m

6.819

6.10 m

2.74 m

1.16 m

1.016 m

1.05 m

2

2

Tricycle

0.17 m3

23 kg

0.2 m3

10 kg

68 lts

912 F2

80 hp/100hp

3 lts

4.5 lts

66 in

Wood and Composite

1 : 2.27

14 lts/hr (average)

565 kg

347 kg

218 kg

10.34 lbs

15.5 lbs

+ 4 - 2

09

Operational Costs 25-30

u$s/hr (insurance included)

SPECIFICATIONS


PERFORMANCES

Take Off Distance

Rate of Climb (initial)

Service Ceiling

Cruise

VNE

Stall Clean

Stall Flaps

Roll Rate

Glide Ratio

Landing Distance

Endurance

Range

T/O

Max Range

Consumption (average)

295 m

700 fpm

5.000 m

165 km/h - 100 mph

136 mph - 218 km/h

48 mph

42 mph

90°/sec

8,4: 1

275 m

4.7 hr

700 km – 440 nm

80 km/h – 50 mph

120 km/h – 75 mph

14 lts/hr

10

Ailerons Stabilizers

DIMENSIONS


VERY LIGHT AIRCRAFT PROJECT


Grounds test

PROGRAM PLAN

12

Brainstorm (ITBA)

Preliminar design Review

Design

Documentation production

Certification

Critical design review

Production

Registration

Flight tests

References

ITBA

PPSA

Preliminary design review

Proyect Presentation XXIV EAA-Argentina Convention

Fuselage Presentation XXV EAA-Argentina Convention

Aircraft Presentation XXVI EAA-Argentina Convention

Final Design Review Certification Production Process Beginning XXVIII EAA-Argentina Convention

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

May March March March March


AILERONS COMMANDS

FUSELAGE DEVELOPMENT

EXTERNAL SHAPE


DRAWINGS


TRADE MARK MANUFACTURE YEAR CONSUMPTIONS LTS/H TYPE OF FUEL COSTS U$S OPERATIONAL COSTS

Cessna 152

Piper PA 11

Tomahawk

Petrel 912i

1960

1947

1980

2008

24

20

24

14

Aviation fuel

Aviation fuel

Aviation fuel

Automobile fuel

45.000 (used)

38.000 (used)

40.000 (used)

80.000 (NEW)

105 u$s/h

95 u$s/h

105 u$s/h

30 u$s/h

AIRCRAFTS COMPARISON


CERTIFICATIONS CATEGORIES

51% built by owner 100% built by the factory

EXP ASTM (LSA) FAR

PETREL 912iCS VLA (USA)

JAR-VLA (EUROPE)

FAR: Federal Aviation Regulations

ASTM (LSA): American Society for Testing and Materials

(Light Sport Aircraft)

EXP: Experimental

CS-VLA: Complement Specifications - Very Light Aircraft

References


18

The wings of the Petrel

912i have a last generation

aerodynamic profile GA

30315


20

The submitted Petrel 912i,

has the equipment for

regulatory VFR flight and

also includes: flowmeter to

monitor fuel consumption,

VHF radio, transponder,

intercom, Garmin GPSMap

296 navigator (integrated

on the board), navigation

and strobe lights, landing

headlamp and stall alarm -

angle of attack indicator.


aeroitba petrel 912i · petrel 912 i the petrel 912 i is an aircraft entitled to vfr flying,...

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