afghanistan on budget program in basic education, literacy and technical- vocational … ·...

وزارت معارف

Afghanistan On–Budget Program inBasic Education, Literacy and Technical-

Vocational Education (BELT)

Financing Education in Crisis and

Conflict-Affected Situations

Dr. Malcom Phelps, Sr. Education Advisor

USAID Office of Afghanistan Pakistan AffairsAugust 22-25, 2011

2011 Global Education Workshop: From Evidence to Action 1


What is “Direct Budget Assistance”

• A government-to-government assistance modality

• Funds are transferred from USAID to a host government ministry for specific purposes

• If NGO’s have an implementation role, they are engaged by the host government ministry

• On-Budget Assistance is slightly different

– Donor funds flow into the general operating or development budget

– The Afghan Reconstruction Trust Fund is multi-lateral on-budget assistance for civil servant salaries


Ministry of Finance Ministry of Education

On-Budget Flow of Funds for the Ministry of Education (MOE)

Feb 2 2011

Agreement i.e. Implementation Letter,

Host Country Contract

NGOs (Host Country

Contracts) USAID Implementing

Partner (off-budget)

Contractor provides capacity

building support to MoE and the

GCMU-PMU.

On-Budget

Funds

Transfer

USAID Managed

Mechanisms

Invoice

Approval

Project Management Unit (GCMU-PMU)

Technical Assistance & Capacity Building

Joint Project Management

Contractor/

Grantee

Selection &

Performance

Monitoring

Invoice

Payment

Special Account

2011 Global Education Workshop: From Evidence to Action


Why “Direct Budget Assistance”

• Strategic priority & policy position - “Afghan First”

• Fulfills multi-lateral donor commitments made at Kabul & London conferences

• Goal is 50% of USAID assistance

• New ADS 220: Use of Reliable Partner Country Systems for Direct Management and Implementation of Assistance

• Afghan government has strongly advocated

– ‘Donor support to NGO’s undermines government, distorts wages, & impedes sustainability’

• More cost-effective; no NGO overhead


Process for “Direct Budget Assistance”

• Collaborative activities agreed upon by USAID & Afghan ministry– Align with & support education strategy

• The ministry is assessed & must USAID requirements– “High standards of monitoring, evaluation and regular reporting deadlines”

– Ensures compliance with applicable management requirements & agreements

– Requirements: “procedures, internal controls, experienced personnel, and other resources to responsibly manage U.S. Government funds”

– MOE meets requirements; MOHE does not yet have requisite capacity

• Implementation letters or other instruments document activities & requirements (e.g. M&E)– Additional documentation: work plans, M&E plans, timelines

• Invoices, certified by the AOTR, are required for payment

• The government may be thought of as an “implementing partner”


Kabul at night, 2010

MOE Strategic Priorities (NESP)

• Basic Education

• Teacher & Curriculum Development

• Technical -Vocational Education & Training (TVET)

• Literacy & Productive skills training

• Education Management

On-Budget Program (3 Year)

• General Education: textbook printing; community-based education

• Teacher Education: teacher training & testing

• TVET: support to TVET schools & training for youth

• Literacy: literacy training with National Literacy Center

• Capacity Building and Education Management: grants and contract management structure; educational planning, monitoring, & evaluation


Off-Budget

BESST Project (Creative)

• Development of materials, systems

• Funds & monitors

• Reports (financial and results)

• MOE as partner

On –Budget MOE – Teacher Education Department (TED),

Provincial Department

• MOE manages through TED, Provincial Directorates

• District Centers (teacher learning circles) planned

• MOE reports (expenses and results)

• Teacher Education Directorate leads - provinces, districts implement

Teacher Education


Off-Budget PACE-A (CARE)

• NGOs fund & monitor

• CARE oversight & reporting

• MOE in regulator role

On-Budget MOE

• MOE manages through Provincial/District officers, CBE Department

• MOE contracts NGOs

• MOE contracts 30 provincial liaison staff, 4 central staff

• MOE manages CBE monitoring & reporting

General Education: Community Based Education (CBE)


Off-Budget

LCEP-2 (UN-Habitat)

• Development of curricula, trainers

• UN-Habitat funds, monitors & reports ($ and results)

• 3,900 Community Development Committees (CDCs) as partners

On-Budget MOE

• MOE manages through National Literacy Department (NLC)

• NLC/MOE reports (expenses and results)

• MOE contracts with CDCs, NGOs

Literacy


Off-Budget DANIDA

• MOE contracts – DANIDA pays with USAID funding

• Print 12.5 million primary school textbooks

On-Budget MOE

• MOE contracts – USAID pays invoices for printing

• Print 13.8 million primary school textbooks

Kabul at night, 2010

General Education: Textbook Printing



By 2014, USG-MOE Collaboration will result in:

Strengthened Technical Content

• Improved learning outcomes

• Teacher qualifications testing systems established

Reinforcing MOE Capacity to Lead Sector

• Enhanced MOE planning, leadership, managing, monitoring & reporting

• MOE leadership in setting program direction, process and results

• Institutionalized financial management, grant & contract management

functions

Sustaining Results and Impact

• Culture of accountability established

• Strengthened education management systems and increased human

resource capacity

• Increased GIRoA funding for education


Additional End Points Expected by 2014

• MOE Compliance with:

• Donor procurement systems and policies

• U.S. financial and program reporting requirements

• Audit or financial review recommendations

• MOE Leadership on:

• Kabul commitments to Afghan-led programs

• Harmonization of donor support to education

• Greater aid effectiveness (USG) ; Meeting Kabul Conference Agreement

• Lower administrative costs – 20 to 30% savings



Sustainability & Transition Challenges

• Donor aid is equivalent in size to 91% of Afghanistan’s GDP

• Domestic revenue collection covers only 17% of public expenditure

• 66% of Afghan core budget is donor-financed

• Education is 17% of Afghanistan’s operating budget

• 43,000 of MOE’s positions are externally financed

– Concentrated in senior technical or managerial


Thank You!

Questions?


afghanistan on budget program in basic education, literacy and technical- vocational … ·...

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