afternoon exercise

8/12/2019 Afternoon Exercise

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Manuscript Writing Exercise

NOTE: None of these facts or data are real; all of this information was made for thepurpose of this exercise.

Introduction

Wellb !"#$: Increases in bod fat and muscle in cattle are independent% and affected b

diet composition and management.

&ones !""': In (olstein steers% feeding glucon )!* mg+d, from -** to $** g bod

weight increased feed efficienc b !$/ )01*.*2,

3raser !"#": 4attle selected for higher rates of muscle growth had significantl higher

plasma nitrogen concentrations.

(ornb !""': In dair cal5es )!-* to !6* g,% treatment with nitron )! mg+d, increasedserum nitrogen concentrations b -$/.

7mith !""6: In lactating dair cows% relati5e to control cows% glucon )!6 mg+d, increased

blood glucose concentration relati5e to control cows )!2 5s !" mg+ml% respecti5el;

01*.*6, and increased mil production )-* 5s -- g+d% 01*.*#,

8rown !"9!: In cattle being fattened for slaughter% as bod weight increases% feed

efficienc decreases% in association with accumulation of bod fat.

Tanner !"96: In feedlot cattle% increased blood glucose concentrations were correlated

with an increased rate of fat accumulation )r*.29% 01*.*$,.

Hypothesis: In feedlot steers, a combination of glucon and nitron will increase feed

efficiency and deposition of backfat and muscle tissue.

Materials and methods

lucon )!* mg+d, and nitron )6 mg+d, were used in a - x - factorial design

7ource of these products: 7igma 4hemical 4o. 7t.

>dministered in the feed.

>t the start of the experiment% 9* >ngus steers% approximatel !2 mo of age% bod weight

a5erage 2** g )range $9*?2-*,

@aned b weight and randomiAed% b replicate% into treatment groups

Bept in outdoor pens% 6 steers in each pen

3ed a feedlot diet of #6/ rolled barle grain% -*/ barle silage% and 6/ 5itamin and

mineral supplement )on a dr matter basis,.


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The feed was a total mixed ration% fed once dail into a fenceline feeder% with a target

le5el of 6/ feed not consumed b the time of the next feeding. Once weel% feed not

consumed was remo5ed% weighed% and discarded.3eed efficienc was calculated on a per pen basis )2* da inter5als,

7tud period was !-* d% then steers were sent to slaughter )commercial abbatoir,.

Twent?four hours after slaughter% the carcass was weighed% and bacfat and muscle area)longisimus dorsi% between the !-thand !$thribs was measured.

>t the start of the stud% and then e5er 2* d% steers were weighed% a blood sample

collected )Cacutainer; 8ecton Dicson% New or% N% =7>,% and ultrasound )$.6 M(Alinear?arra transducer% >loa% Too% &apan, was used to determine bacfat thicness

and muscle area )longisimus dorsi% at the Function of the !-thand !$thribs.

7erum concentrations of glucose and nitrogen were determined as described )&ones%

-**6,. One assa for each compound. 4oeffecient of 5ariation was 9.9/ for glucose and#.6/ for nitrogen.

4arcass grades:

7uperior carcass: carcass weight G-#6 g% muscle are G-6* mm

-

% bacfat G $$ mm7tandard carcass: an carcass not exceeding the minimum in an categor.

7tatistical analsis

Mixed models >NOC>% with main effects of group% time% and their interaction% for bod

weight% feed efficienc% bacfat% muscle area% and serum concentrations of glucose andnitrogen.

ll statistical analses done with 7tatistical >nalsis 7stem software )7>7 Inc.% 4ar%N4% =7>,

01*.*6 was considered significant

@esults:

8od weight

In all groups% bod weight increased o5er time. The greatest increase was in glucon plusnitron% moderate increase in glucon or nitron% and least increase in the control.

3eed efficienc

In all groups% feed efficienc decreased o5er time. The greatest efficienc was in gluconplus nitron% moderate in glucon or nitron% and least in the control.

8acfat and serum glucoseIn all groups% bacfat increased o5er time. The increase was greatest in all glucon?treated

cattle and least in those not treated with glucon.

Muscle area and serum nitrogen

In all groups% muscle area increased o5er time. The increase was greatest in all nitron?

treated cattle and least in those not treated with nitron.


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The proportion of carcasses that were graded superior was *+-*a% 2+-*ab% !*+-*c% and

!"+-*dfor steers in the control% glucon% nitron% and glucon nitron groups% respecti5el.

Discussion

Our hypothesis was supported; in feedlot steers, a combination of glucon and nitronincreased feed efficiency and deposition of backfat and muscle tissue.

lucose and bacfat% affected b glucon7mith !""6: In lactating dair cows% relati5e to control cows% glucon )!6 mg+d, increased

blood glucose concentration relati5e to control cows )!2 5s !" mg+ml% respecti5el;

01*.*6, and increased mil production )-* 5s -- g+d% 01*.*#,

&ones !""': In (olstein steers% feeding glucon )!* mg+d, from -** to $** g bodweight increased feed efficienc b !$/ )01*.*2,

Tanner !"96: In feedlot cattle% increased blood glucose concentrations were correlated

with an increased rate of fat accumulation )r*.29% 01*.*$,.

Nitrogen and muscle% affected b nitron

3raser !"#": 4attle selected for higher rates of muscle growth had significantl higherplasma nitrogen concentrations.

(ornb !""': In dair cal5es )!-* to !6* g,% treatment with nitron )! mg+d, increased

serum nitrogen concentrations b -$/.

8od weight and feed efficienc

lucon and nitron ha5e positi5e effects indi5iduall% but a snergistic effect together

8rown !"9!: In cattle being fattened for slaughter% as bod weight increases% feedefficienc decreases% in association with accumulation of bod fat.

4arcassIncreased efficienc of growth% increased profitabilit

Wellb !"#$: Increases in bod fat and muscle in cattle are independent% and affected b

diet composition and management.

Odd and unusual

! of -* steers gi5en gluconnitron did not ha5e a superior carcass

4oncluding paragraph

lucon increased blood glucose% enhanced deposition of fat

Nitron increased blood nitrogen% promoted muscle growthIndi5iduall% impro5ed rate of gain and feed efficienc

reatest effect from combined treatment

afternoon exercise

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