agriculture and food security in africa maj bilal sadiq gondal
TRANSCRIPT
AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY IN AFRICA
Maj Bilal Sadiq Gondal
Background
70 % Population
Dependent
32 % Africa GDP
65 % Labor Force
Inability to
Transform into
high productive
sector
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Background
World agriculture
tripled between 1961
and 2007
Population grew from
3 to 6.8 billions
Green revolution
increase production by
11%
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Background
25% of world arable land 10% of global agriculture production Africa has lowest yield among all regions
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AGRICULTURE ENVIROMENT OF AFRICA
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Agriculture Environment –Demography
Demographic shift in
world population
Future world will be
African dominated
9% of world was
African in 1950
40% will be African
by end of this century
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Agriculture Environment –Demography
UNICEF estimates that 1.8 billion new born will be
in Africa
Africa Population will quadruple to 4.2 billion by
end of century
Unsymmetrical population growth
Higher densities in North Africa, Great Lake
Region and Gulf of Guinea
Rapid population growth and urbanization is
directly impacting food security
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Agriculture Environment –Economy
South Africa contributes 30% of African GDP with 5% population
North African countries contribute 35% of GDP with 20% of population
Countries dependent on extractive industries
70% of East African countries are dependent upon agriculture
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Agriculture Environment –Economy
5.2 % annual growth
Insignificant development in
agriculture sector
Agriculture sector development
in countries
Ghana
Ethiopia
Rwanda
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Agriculture Environment – Global Market
Agriculture focused on national markets
17% of total foreign trade of African countries were
conducted at intra-regional level
Small agriculture export base Cocoa Coffee Tea Cotton Sugar Pineapple
Bananas
Import is 1.7 times value of export
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Agriculture Environment – Natural Resources
Largest uncultivated
surface area after Latin
America
6% farm land is irrigated
Investment to cultivate 20
million hectares in last 10
years
60% of cultivable land
still available in few
countries
Climatic conditions
Soil degradation
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FACTORS CAUSING POOR PERFOMANCE
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FACTORS POOR PERFOMANCE LOW PRODUCTIVITY
Poor productivity
of crops
1.3 metric tons per
hectare of Maize in
Malawi in contrast
to an average 10
ton hectare in USA
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FACTORS POOR PERFOMANCE LOW PRODUCTIVITY
Innovation
Fertilizers
Malawi used fertilizer to improve from 43 percent
food deficient to 53 percent surplus
Irrigation
Potential to increase 100 to 400 percent
4% land is irrigated
Seed development
Seeds developed 30 years ago
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FACTORS POOR PERFOMANCE LAND UTILIZATION
Land ownership Communal ownership
Dead Capital
Land Degradation 65% of cropland degradation of the world
485 Millions affected by land degradation
$9.3 billion annual cost
Causes for Lands Degradation Demographic Growth
Conflicts
Refugees
Soil Management
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FACTORS POOR PERFOMANCE LAND UTILIZATION
Poor Infrastructure Least developed
continent Non availability of
farm to market roads 50% harvest lost due
to non availability of infrastructure
Small and Family Farms
Family farm produce 80% of world food
75% of global farmland is family owned
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FACTORS POOR PERFOMANCE DISEASES
HIV / Aids Malaria Tapeworm Yellow Fever
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FACTORS POOR PERFOMANCE ARMED CONFLICT AND DISASTER
During 2011 natural disaster resulted 7 million affected by
drought 3 million by flood 3 million refugees
Food Crisis affected 12 million people in Djibouti Ethiopia Kenya Uganda
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FACTORS POOR PERFOMANCE ARMED CONFLICT AND DISASTER
Total Number of Violent Events 99548
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AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY
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AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY
During 2011 natural disaster resulted 7 million affected by
drought 3 million by flood 3 million refugees
Food Crisis affected 12 million people in Djibouti Ethiopia Kenya Uganda
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FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE IN AFRICA
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FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE IN AFRICAGREEN REVOLUTION MOVEMENT
Africa government is
initiating new green
revolution
AGRA
100 different varieties of
crops
Train local farmer
Double productivity in 20
years
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FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE IN AFRICAGOVERNMENT COMMITMENT
Africa government for funding agriculture
Comprehensive African Agriculture Development
Program (CAADP)
10 % of national budgets to agriculture development
CAADP four pillar approach
Pillar-1 - Sustainable land management and water
control
system
Pillar-2 - Improving infrastructure and trade related
activities
Pillar-3 - Improving food security and response to
emergency crisis
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FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE IN AFRICA
Genetically Modified
Crops Ability to increase
productivity
Kenya and South Africa
Land Reforms Specific land ownership
Commercial Farming Small farmers limitation
to expand agriculture
Mechanical farming like
Brazil
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FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE IN AFRICA
Hybrid Models
Model comprising small scale
and corporate farming
China model
Brazil model
Mixed Model
Nucleus farm model
50 ha farms
Small farms
50HA
2HA
2HA
2HA
2HA
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FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE IN AFRICA
Agriculture Diversification
Diversification of crops
Horticulture and flowers
Organic Product
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QUESTIONS?