Tuesday, February 19, 2010Tuesday, February 19, 2010

Agree Disagree 1. The Triple Agree Agree Disagree 1. The Triple Agree DisagreeDisagree

____ ____ Entente involved ____ ________ ____ Entente involved ____ ____

Great Britain, France, and Russia.Great Britain, France, and Russia.

____ ____ 2. Prohibition ____ _________ ____ 2. Prohibition ____ _____passed as the 18passed as the 18thth Amendment Amendment and outlawed alcohol.and outlawed alcohol.

Tuesday, February 19, 2010Tuesday, February 19, 2010

Agree Disagree 1. The Triple Agree Agree Disagree 1. The Triple Agree DisagreeDisagree

____ ____ Entente involved ____ ________ ____ Entente involved ____ ____

Great Britain, France, and Russia.Great Britain, France, and Russia.

____ ____ 2. Prohibition ____ _________ ____ 2. Prohibition ____ _____passed as the 18passed as the 18thth Amendment Amendment and outlawed alcohol.and outlawed alcohol.

Tuesday, February 19, 2010Tuesday, February 19, 2010

Agree Disagree 1. The Triple Agree Agree Disagree 1. The Triple Agree DisagreeDisagree

____ ____ Entente involved ____ ________ ____ Entente involved ____ ____

Great Britain, France, and Russia.Great Britain, France, and Russia.

____ ____ 2. Prohibition ____ _________ ____ 2. Prohibition ____ _____passed as the 18passed as the 18thth Amendment Amendment and outlawed alcohol.and outlawed alcohol.

Tuesday, February 19, 2010Tuesday, February 19, 2010

Agree Disagree 1. The Triple Agree Agree Disagree 1. The Triple Agree DisagreeDisagree

____ ____ Entente involved ____ ________ ____ Entente involved ____ ____

Great Britain, France, and Russia.Great Britain, France, and Russia.

____ ____ 2. Prohibition ____ _________ ____ 2. Prohibition ____ _____passed as the 18passed as the 18thth Amendment Amendment and outlawed alcohol.and outlawed alcohol.

AHSGE Chapter 8AHSGE Chapter 8

World War I and the 1920sWorld War I and the 1920s

ImperialismImperialism

– – a policy by which one country takes a policy by which one country takes control of another land or country.control of another land or country.

At the turn of the century, a growing At the turn of the century, a growing number of people believed the United number of people believed the United States should acquire overseas colonies States should acquire overseas colonies to maintain a strong economy. to maintain a strong economy.

ThreeThree reasons for Imperialism reasons for Imperialism

1. 1. People of U.S. felt they needed People of U.S. felt they needed an an additional source of rawadditional source of raw materialsmaterials..

2.2. Business leaders wanted Business leaders wanted an additional an additional marketmarket for their surplus of for their surplus of manufactured goods.manufactured goods.

3.3. Politicians wanted Politicians wanted to gain territoryto gain territory to to maintain a global balance of power. maintain a global balance of power.

Imperialism and the United StatesImperialism and the United States

1850s1850s - Business leaders from the U.S. - Business leaders from the U.S. invested in invested in sugar plantationssugar plantations in the in the Hawaiian Islands. In time, these owners Hawaiian Islands. In time, these owners gained economic control over the island.gained economic control over the island.

1893 1893 - Wealthy white plantation - Wealthy white plantation owners owners rebelledrebelled against Queen against Queen

Liliuokalani. Liliuokalani. With the help of U.S. troops the With the help of U.S. troops the plantation owners deposed the plantation owners deposed the queen. In 1898, Hawaii became queen. In 1898, Hawaii became a territory of the U.S. a territory of the U.S.

Imperialism and the United StatesImperialism and the United States

Gaining overseas coloniesGaining overseas colonies for new for new marketsmarkets and additional and additional raw materialsraw materials where all ways the where all ways the United StatesUnited States could be considered an could be considered an Imperialistic Imperialistic NationNation. .

1890s1890s – Spanish government in Cuba – Spanish government in Cuba violatedviolated its its citizens’ human rightscitizens’ human rights. .

Two competing newspapers printed Two competing newspapers printed sensational stories surroundingsensational stories surrounding the the abusesabuses in Cuba in Cuba. U.S. citizens sympathized . U.S. citizens sympathized with the Cubans and were against Spain.with the Cubans and were against Spain.

Yellow journalismYellow journalism

– – sensational writingsensational writing with with

a disregard for a disregard for thethe truthtruth. .

The The exaggerationexaggeration of a of a political eventpolitical event..

On On Feb. 15, 1898Feb. 15, 1898, the , the U.S.S. MaineU.S.S. Maine exploded while anchored in a Cuban exploded while anchored in a Cuban harbor.harbor.

U.S. newspapers U.S. newspapers blamedblamed Spain. Spain.

On On April 25, 1898April 25, 1898, Congress , Congress declareddeclared

war on Spainwar on Spain. .

Yellow journalismYellow journalism was a was a main causemain cause of the of the Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War. .

Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War

– – McKinley was president. Fought on two McKinley was president. Fought on two fronts, the Caribbean and the Philippines. fronts, the Caribbean and the Philippines.

Rough RidersRough Riders

– – a group of volunteers who were a a group of volunteers who were a CalvaryCalvary UnitUnit led by led by Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt who who helped the U.S. troops liberate Cuba from helped the U.S. troops liberate Cuba from Spanish control. Roosevelt became famous Spanish control. Roosevelt became famous for his role in the war including his bold for his role in the war including his bold charge of San Juan Hill. charge of San Juan Hill.

Open Door PolicyOpen Door Policy

– – U.S. Secretary of State John Hay promoted an U.S. Secretary of State John Hay promoted an agreement that agreement that kept China open to trade kept China open to trade for all nations.for all nations.

Panama CanalPanama Canal

– – During President Theodore Roosevelt’s term in During President Theodore Roosevelt’s term in office a canal was office a canal was

built across the Isthmus of Panama. built across the Isthmus of Panama.

This canal would ensure that the U.S.This canal would ensure that the U.S.

would have easy access to the Atlantic and would have easy access to the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans for commerce and defense. Pacific Oceans for commerce and defense.

William C. GorgasWilliam C. Gorgas – realized – realized that by that by

sanitizing and draining areas of sanitizing and draining areas of standing water in the Panama standing water in the Panama Canal Zone he could get rid of Canal Zone he could get rid of malaria and yellow fever.malaria and yellow fever.

Roosevelt’s CorollaryRoosevelt’s Corollary – – President President Roosevelt’s addition to the Monroe Roosevelt’s addition to the Monroe DoctrineDoctrine. It said the United States had the . It said the United States had the right to intervene if a nation in the right to intervene if a nation in the Western Hemisphere had trouble paying Western Hemisphere had trouble paying back its foreign creditors. The United back its foreign creditors. The United States would intervene only to prevent States would intervene only to prevent European powers from colonizing the European powers from colonizing the newly freed nations again. newly freed nations again. This justified This justified United States involvement in Latin United States involvement in Latin America. America.

REVIEWREVIEW

1. How did yellow journalism help 1. How did yellow journalism help contribute to the Spanish –American War?contribute to the Spanish –American War?

Long Term Causes of World War ILong Term Causes of World War I

1.1. NationalismNationalism – – the belief in national unity and some times racial the belief in national unity and some times racial

supremacy. Nations were beginning to believe supremacy. Nations were beginning to believe their nation was much better than otherstheir nation was much better than others..

Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism – – The belief thatThe belief that only the strongest people are meantonly the strongest people are meant to rule. to rule.

2.2. ImperialismImperialism – European countries searched for – European countries searched for colonies during the 19colonies during the 19thth century. Competitions century. Competitions for colonies increased tensions between for colonies increased tensions between countries in Europe. countries in Europe.

CHUNK #1CHUNK #1 Long-Term Causes of Long-Term Causes of World War I (1914-World War I (1914-

1918)1918)

Turn to page 109. Graphic Turn to page 109. Graphic Organizer – Read Organizer – Read Alliances Alliances and and name the countries of the Triple name the countries of the Triple

Alliance and the Triple Entente. Alliance and the Triple Entente.

Triple Triple Alliance Alliance

Triple Triple EntenteEntente

3. Military Expansion3. Military Expansion – Europeans nations – Europeans nations maintained large standing armies during maintained large standing armies during peace time. War was possible at a peace time. War was possible at a moment’s notice. moment’s notice.

44. . AlliancesAlliances – agreements – agreements between nations for mutualbetween nations for mutual protection. protection.

Triple AllianceTriple Alliance – Germany, Austria- – Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy. Hungary and Italy. (GA-HI)(GA-HI)

Triple EntenteTriple Entente – Britain, France, Russia – Britain, France, Russia and eventually the United States. and eventually the United States. (BUFR)(BUFR)

Start of World War IStart of World War I

Archduke Francis FerdinandArchduke Francis Ferdinand – heir to – heir to throne of Austria-Hungary. throne of Austria-Hungary. Assassinated Assassinated by Serbian nationalists. Alliances by Serbian nationalists. Alliances

then began to supportthen began to support

each other and each other and war was war was

declareddeclared. .

Battle Tactics in New InnovationsBattle Tactics in New Innovations

Trench warfareTrench warfare – battle tactic – battle tactic where trenches were builtwhere trenches were built

with a no man’s landwith a no man’s land in between filled within between filled with barbed wire and barbed wire and land mines. land mines.

Technologically advanced weaponsTechnologically advanced weapons Machine gunsMachine guns – fired bullets – fired bullets in rabid succession.in rabid succession.

Poison gasPoison gas - first used by the Germans, - first used by the Germans, the poison mustard gas would kill or wound the poison mustard gas would kill or wound soldiers instantly by breaking down a soldiers instantly by breaking down a

soldiers’ internal organs when they soldiers’ internal organs when they

inhaled the fumes. inhaled the fumes.

AirplaneAirplane – At the beginning of the war – At the beginning of the war airplanes were used for scouting and airplanes were used for scouting and reconnaissance. By the end, countries had reconnaissance. By the end, countries had equipped airplanes with intermittent equipped airplanes with intermittent machine guns. The pilots of machine guns. The pilots of

these planes were these planes were

called called AcesAces. .

Causes of the United States Causes of the United States Involvement in World War IInvolvement in World War I

1. Sinking of the Lusitania1. Sinking of the Lusitania – British – British passenger ship sunk by a German passenger ship sunk by a German U-boat. 1200 people died including U-boat. 1200 people died including 128 Americans. Lusitania had been 128 Americans. Lusitania had been secretly carrying weapons and secretly carrying weapons and ammunitionammunition to support the Triple to support the Triple Entente. Entente.

CHUNK #2CHUNK #2 Causes of the United States Causes of the United States Involvement in World War Involvement in World War

II

Turn to page 111. Read Turn to page 111. Read 2) The 2) The Zimmerman TelegramZimmerman Telegram, and , and

answer the answer the following questions. following questions.

SettingSetting When was the telegram sent? When was the telegram sent?

CharactersCharacters Who sent and received the Who sent and received the telegram?telegram?

Plot Plot What did the telegram say? What did the telegram say?

OutcomeOutcome What was the result of the United What was the result of the United States intercepting it? States intercepting it?

22. . Zimmerman TelegraphZimmerman Telegraph – U.S. – U.S. intercepted a secret telegram intercepted a secret telegram between the German foreign between the German foreign secretary, Arthur Zimmerman and his secretary, Arthur Zimmerman and his official in Mexico. It stated that if U.S. official in Mexico. It stated that if U.S. declared war on Germany then the declared war on Germany then the Mexican government should attack Mexican government should attack the U.S. In exchange , Germany the U.S. In exchange , Germany would help Mexico win back the land would help Mexico win back the land the U.S. gained in the Mexican-the U.S. gained in the Mexican-American War. American War.

3.3. German Aggression at SeaGerman Aggression at Sea – In 1917, – In 1917, Germany began sinking U.S. merchant Germany began sinking U.S. merchant ships in the Atlantic. ships in the Atlantic.

4.4. The Russian RevolutionThe Russian Revolution – March, 1917, – March, 1917, revolutionaries in Russia overthrew the revolutionaries in Russia overthrew the monarchy. A temporary democratic monarchy. A temporary democratic assembly was set up. With a democratic assembly was set up. With a democratic government in Russia, the U.S. felt it government in Russia, the U.S. felt it would have a united front in Europe. would have a united front in Europe.

Consequences of the WarConsequences of the WarPoliticalPolitical Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Germany, Austria-Hungary and the

Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire gave up parts of their gave up parts of their landland..

Austro-Hungarian Empire Austro-Hungarian Empire broken upbroken up and and made into several countries.made into several countries.

DraftDraft – all men in the United States – all men in the United States between the ages of 21 and 30 were between the ages of 21 and 30 were required by law to register for the draft. required by law to register for the draft.

EconomicEconomic Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles – – ended WWIended WWI. . GermansGermans reluctantly reluctantly agreedagreed that the that the warwar

was entirely was entirely their faulttheir fault.. GermanyGermany had to had to pay war reparationspay war reparations

(costs to the victorious nations for its part (costs to the victorious nations for its part in starting the war).in starting the war).

Central PowersCentral Powers had to substantially had to substantially decreasedecrease its its militarymilitary..

GermanyGermany lostlost all all of its of its overseas coloniesoverseas colonies and part of its land in Europe. and part of its land in Europe.

SocialSocial

War reparations Germany was forced War reparations Germany was forced to pay were considered a to pay were considered a humiliation to the German humiliation to the German peoplepeople. .

Adolph HitlerAdolph Hitler used this bitterness used this bitterness to help him become to help him become

dictatordictator of Germany. of Germany.

Post World War I Era – The League of Post World War I Era – The League of NationsNations

League of NationsLeague of Nations – promoted by President – promoted by President Woodrow Wilson to insure that there would never Woodrow Wilson to insure that there would never be another world war. It was to be used as a way be another world war. It was to be used as a way to foster understanding and discourage to foster understanding and discourage aggressions against other countries. aggressions against other countries.

It failed in part because Congress would not agree It failed in part because Congress would not agree to the U.S. joining. to the U.S. joining.

IsolationismIsolationism – policy of the U.S. where the – policy of the U.S. where the people felt it best to stay out of international people felt it best to stay out of international conflicts and events. conflicts and events.

Post World War I Culture The Roaring Post World War I Culture The Roaring 20’s20’s

Prominent Writers and Movements in Prominent Writers and Movements in the United Statesthe United States

F. Scott FitzgeraldF. Scott Fitzgerald – – Writer and novelist Writer and novelist who wrote about the high society life of who wrote about the high society life of the 1920’s and mirrored his own life with the 1920’s and mirrored his own life with his wife his wife Zelda FitzgeraldZelda Fitzgerald. Wrote . Wrote The The Great GatsbyGreat Gatsby..

Ernest HemingwayErnest Hemingway – One of the most – One of the most influential writers of the 20influential writers of the 20thth century. century.

Used simple language and realisticUsed simple language and realistic details in his writing. Most famous works details in his writing. Most famous works

include include The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms,to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls The For Whom the Bell Tolls The Old ManOld Man and the Seaand the Sea..

Harlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance – Began in Harlem, – Began in Harlem, New York in the 1920’s. It was an increase New York in the 1920’s. It was an increase in black racial pride and awareness. in black racial pride and awareness.

Black painters, dancers, Black painters, dancers, and musicians produced and musicians produced wonderful works of art. wonderful works of art.

Jazz and BluesJazz and Blues – New musical forms – New musical forms

of expression introduced during the of expression introduced during the

Harlem Renaissance. Harlem Renaissance.

Langston HughesLangston Hughes – African American – African American author of the Harlem Renaissance. Wrote author of the Harlem Renaissance. Wrote plays, poems and short stories about the plays, poems and short stories about the black experience in the United States. black experience in the United States.

Zora Neale HurstonZora Neale Hurston – Wrote – Wrote Their Eyes Their Eyes Were Watching God.Were Watching God.

Louis ArmstrongLouis Armstrong – an extremely – an extremely talented black jazz trumpet player.talented black jazz trumpet player.

W.C. HandeyW.C. Handey – – Alabama nativeAlabama native who who composed and popularized many composed and popularized many Blues songsBlues songs..

The The Roaring 20’sRoaring 20’s came to came toan an endend with the with the crash of crash of the stock marketthe stock market on onOctober 29,1929.October 29,1929.

CHUNK #3 CHUNK #3 Social ActivistsSocial Activists

Turn to page 114. Graphic Organizer Turn to page 114. Graphic Organizer – – Read Read Social ActivistsSocial Activists, and name and , and name and

describe the two social activists describe the two social activists who who fought for women’s rights in the fought for women’s rights in the 1920’s. 1920’s.

Social ActivistsSocial Activists

Margaret SangerMargaret Sanger – advocated – advocated contraception. Distributed a contraception. Distributed a magazine attacking the magazine attacking the Comstock Comstock LawLaw (law prohibiting the distribution (law prohibiting the distribution of information related to birth of information related to birth control, pornography and sexually control, pornography and sexually transmitted diseases).transmitted diseases).

New InventionsNew Inventions

AutomobilesAutomobiles allowed people allowed people to travel long distances for to travel long distances for work or for pleasure and work or for pleasure and ledled to the to the growthgrowth of of suburbssuburbs..

Home appliancesHome appliances such as such as vacuum cleaners, vacuum cleaners, mixersmixers, and , and washing machineswashing machines freed up more freed up more time for women working at home. This also led to time for women working at home. This also led to the the rapid growthrapid growth of the of the electric industryelectric industry. .

These These inventionsinventions allowed for an allowed for an increase in increase in leisure time and leisure time and leisure activitiesleisure activities. .

The “Red Scare”The “Red Scare” Began when the Began when the Communist BolsheviksCommunist Bolsheviks came to power in Russia incame to power in Russia in December 1917.December 1917.

AnarchistsAnarchists – people who do not– people who do not believe in any form of government.believe in any form of government.

When Anarchists tried to assassinate John D. When Anarchists tried to assassinate John D. Rockefeller and Attorney General A. Mitchell Rockefeller and Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer hysteria broke out throughout the U.S. Palmer hysteria broke out throughout the U.S. known as known as The Red ScareThe Red Scare. The government . The government began arresting and jailing thousands of radicals, began arresting and jailing thousands of radicals, (including some-foreign born) without any (including some-foreign born) without any evidence of conspiracy. Suspicion of foreigners evidence of conspiracy. Suspicion of foreigners began to increase in the U.S. began to increase in the U.S.

Sacco and Vanzetti TrialSacco and Vanzetti Trial

Two Italian immigrants (Two Italian immigrants (Nicola Sacco Nicola Sacco andand Bartolommeo Vanzetti) Bartolommeo Vanzetti) were accused of were accused of robbery and murder in Massachusetts.robbery and murder in Massachusetts.

They were They were atheistsatheists (people who have no(people who have no belief in God).belief in God).

Convicted and executedConvicted and executed mainly due to the pretrial mainly due to the pretrial prejudice against them. It showed America’s prejudice against them. It showed America’s

lack of tolerance for political dissent. lack of tolerance for political dissent.

Immigration Laws of the 1920’sImmigration Laws of the 1920’s

NativistsNativists – people who were afraid of – people who were afraid of foreigners entering the United States. foreigners entering the United States. Because of this Because of this fearfear of of foreignersforeigners the the United StatesUnited States started started restricting restricting immigrationimmigration. .

Emergency Quota ActEmergency Quota Act – –

Act set up a quota system Act set up a quota system

favoring Northern Europe favoring Northern Europe

for immigration. for immigration.

ProhibitionProhibition

1818thth amendment amendment – Prohibition. – Prohibition.

Many people did not like this amendment and Many people did not like this amendment and ignored it.ignored it.

In the 1920’s prohibition led to In the 1920’s prohibition led to bootleggersbootleggers (people who illegally smuggled alcohol) and (people who illegally smuggled alcohol) and speakeasiesspeakeasies ( hidden bars to drink and ( hidden bars to drink and dance) where dance) where flappersflappers (girls who wore fringed (girls who wore fringed dresses and were more liberated) would dresses and were more liberated) would gather to drink. gather to drink.

2121stst amendment amendment – repealed the – repealed the 1818thth amendment. amendment.