aim: how does gravity affect the movement of planets?
TRANSCRIPT
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AIM: How does gravity
affect the movement of planets?
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Gravity• Gravity: the force of attraction between objects
that can act across great distances.
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• The Sun’s gravity keeps the planets in their orbits around it.
• The Earth’s gravity keeps the Moon in its orbit.
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• The gravitational attraction between two objects depends on two things:1. Distance between objects2. Mass of the objects
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• British mathematician, Isaac Newton, explained how gravitational forces and inertia interact to produce orbital motion.1. Universal Law of Gravitation: • As the mass of objects increases,
gravitational attraction INCREASES.• As the distance between two objects
increases, gravitational attraction DECREASES.
Why don’t planets just fall into the Sun?
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2. Newton’s first law of motion: An object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion, unless something acts on it to change that motion.– Inertia: the tendency of an object to remain in motion
along the same, straight path.
Animation
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As mass of two objects increases, the gravitational force between them ________.
As the distance between two objects increases, the gravitational force between them _________.
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How does gravity cause tides?
• Tides: the cyclic rise and fall of ocean waters.
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Local Tides for Kings Point, NY
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Why does Earth have Tides?• Tides are a result of
the gravitational attraction between the Earth, the Moon, and the Sun.
• The Moon has the greatest effect because it is about 400 times closer to us than the Sun.
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• As Earth rotates, the low and high tides follow the alignment of Earth and the moon.
• The time between two high (or two low) tides is ideally about 12 hours and 25 minutes.