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Page 1: AIM/ - OCLC

AIM/ eKr s

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KS # P-059

Burkhart M L RLHILLER11fGenieralmajorQhef of Staff of Third P& izer Army

PROJECT # 47

GNRMAN~ TAINK LOSSiES

Koenigetein/Ts 3.0 Nov 31950

Translator: M. FRIKIEditort G; VAN1'DRSTADTReviewers Cat ]3,X, HUFFORD

HISTORICAL DI VISIONEUROFiRA1 COM sAD

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MS P -059

INDEl2X CONTAINED) IN~ THE G I 's" COPY

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MS # P-459

File No 72 C 12 Dec 1950

MOAI"Ui FORt Chief, Operational History (Germ) BranchLt Col NAWLOCK1Y

SUBJECT: MS f P.059, Project # 47, TA1NK LOSSES

The following Questions are not answered fully:

lb Tank strength within Feldheer, listed by theater,.

2b Tank losses and replacement for Polish, Norwegian,

French, etc, campaigns,

2c Breakdown of losses by causative agents~ The topic

leader states that he cannot answer these questionsmore fully,

No information at all is given on the bases used inpredicting tank losses (question 2d) and the answer to

question 2e (guidance furnished tank producers...) is so

vague that it can hardly be called an answer at all.

In his introduction, the topic leader refers to a con-tribut ion by Emil LD , the former chief of the Army Armament

Office, This contribution contains very much the same informat;ion embodied in the study but also gives the names and. present

addresses of persons who should be able to give more detailedinformation on product ion and so forth, He further states thatan illustration of the TIGER Panzer and of the model developedby PORSCHE*, the ELEPHANT Panzer on a demonstration trip (No 20)was printed in the September issue of the PINGUIN**,

Professor PORSCHE, the designer of the Volkswagen

** Good illustrations and descriptions of all German panzer

types are to be found in the HANDBOOK ON GERMA1O MILITARY

FORCE S,

H, HEI TiA n1

Consultant & Analyst

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MS # ?-059

The Author

Herman -Burkhart U ERHILL BA1Ifl,

Gene ralajr,Born.,- 26 Dec 1904, Dieuze, Lorraine,

;iU: +L +' -HILLeZeBRAN received training

in the Ohrdruf Officer Candidate School

in 1925 after having served since April

1923 in the 16th Cavalzry Regiment, and.later underwent further training at theHannover Cavalry School in 1925/26 andat the Berlin War College in 1934/368

Just before World far II broke out, on

15 September 1939, he was transferred

from the Organization Division of Army

General Staff to the 93 Inf Div as Oper-

ations Officer, On . October 1940 he was

assigned. as adjutant to the Chief of Army

General Staff end in April 1942 as appoint-ed Chief of Organization Division of Army

General Staff. In 1944, after two brief

spells in the OKH Officer Reserve and an

assignment as Commander of 24th Panzer

Regiment, NI +LER-HIa B I'D was assigned

as Chief of Staff to XJOXVI Panzer Corps in

Ukraine and Poland, remaining in that positionuntil transferred as Chief of Staff to the

Third Panzer Army, During the Wear he served.

in France, Italy and on the east front and

was finally captured near Schwerin, Mecklenburg

on 2 May l945

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MS F P-059

CONTENTS Pg

COHN3iNS ON G'B.AN TAX K LO S SEiS y r v a v .$ a I t

6 RU A o R Y A K S MD,, 6O' .V"" 4 aai 2

Gere.n Nomenclature and Abbreviations used in the Text 3

1, TYPEiS AND AIu A1: T OF ARM'OREDf V. I CLi3 s " * * 4

a., Types of' Tank Carriages . , .. . . 4

b* Tak f * f .4 " " $ $ a 90 - * . a . ." " 4

c., Assault Guns and Je. .panzers (Tank Destroyers). 6d., Antitank Cannon on Self'--Propelled Mount , .. * 7

e, Nomenclature of' Weapons and Their Abbreviations , 8

f, Performaceof Kw Kand Pak~ ~ , 9

2;p TANK STREiNGTH aW a a " m vs . a b r 10

a, Tank s , ,. . . .. .r a a.~ .v , eafvavo 10

b, Assault Guns and Jagdpanzers (Tank Destroyers), 10

C, Pak on Self- ropelled. IMounts, , 10

3, TANK LOSSS ANDB 2PLAC MNT ., 6 0 0 9 . 0 $ 17

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M4S # p-059

Franz EALDEIHR Koenigstein/l 7 Nov 1950Genobst a )

COMMET~itS 0N GBRA TANK LOSSES

(Project ~ 4'?; MS # pO59)

After a thorough study of the subject, the topic leader, former

Genmaj Butrkhart Mueller-Hillebrextd, has succeeded. in answering most of

the uestions in detail,

For question ib, allocation of tanks to theaters of operation,

incomplete data only, covering the years 1940, 1943, 1944 and 1945, could

be obtained, and these do not provide as comprehensive a picture as to the

statistics on strength, production and losses, As for the breaking down

of tank losses according to campaign (question 2 b), according to

types of loss (whether permanent or temporary) and according to cause

(question 2 c), it was impossible to procure data useful in the preparat-

ion of statistics,

The topic leader was able) however, to anwer in greater detail the

remaining question pertaining to strength, production and losses, The

replies are given in the form of tables ani. graphic charts (See appen-

dices), They are of great value because of their completeness and the

clearness with which they have been presented and in this respect they

are perh-aps unique,

In regard to the text, I am in full accord with the author.

(signed) Franz HALDER

Genobst a Dl

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MS j p-059

PREFATORY REMARKS

Principal sources of information available to

the author were the monthly bulletins published by

the German Army Ordnance Office under the title,

Suirve of Army armament, These served as the offici

al statistical basis for the German Wehrmacht, In

addition, the original documents of the Inspector

General of the Tank Forces were made available to the

author, and these contained the data for his reports

to the FuIehrer, 'These sources may be regarded as

reliable.

In addition, Gen d Art a D Leeb, the former

Chief of the Army Ordnance Office, also made a study

available to the author,

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MS #PO59

In conformity with the original manuscript, German nomenclature

and abbreviations have been retained throughout the translation,

In order to facilitate the reading of this study and attached

statistics, the German nomenclature and abbreviations used in the

text have been consolidated on this page,

Flakc

K

Kwk

MG

Pak

Pak/ Sf1

P z Bef W

Pz Kpfw

Stu Gesch

Plug zeuga bwehrkano ne

Kanone

Kampfwagenkanone

Maschinengewehr

Panzerabwehrkenone

Panzerabwehrkenone aufSelb stfahrlafet te

Penzerbef ehl swagen

Panz erkampfwagen

Sturmgeschuetz

Stu H

Stu K

Stu Ps

Sturmhaubit ze

St urmka none

Sturmpanzer

Jagdpanzer

H Jiashorn" Panzer

antiaircraft gun

cannon

tank gun

machine gun

antitank gun

antitank gun on self-propelled mount

armored command car

tank

assault gun (self-propell-ed)

assault howitzer (self-propelled)

assault cannon (self-*propelled)

assault tank

tank destroyer

"'rhinoceros" tank

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MS # p-0O59

1, TYPES AND AR M NET OF ABMORL) VEHICLE~S

a, Types of Tank Carriages:

Abbreviation: Panzerkanipfwagen .Ltank/ Pz Kpfw

Panzer Beofehl swagen Larmnored command carj: Pz Bef W~

Carriages: I to VI, 35 (t),, 38 (t). The two latter types were

taken from the Ozechoslovakian Army and were produced

in Ozechoslovakian factories,

b~ Tanks:

Principal Weapon** Date Indtroduced toTroop Units

Pz Kpfw I

Ps Kpfw II

Pz Kpfw II (F)

Pz Kpfw 35 (t)

Ps Kpfw 38 (t)

Ps Kpfw III

MG

Kw K 38, 20 mm

Flame thrower

Kw K 37 mm

Kw K 3? mm

Kw K 3? mm

Kw K 50 mm L 42

Kw K 50 mm L 60

Kw K 75 mm L 24

* Designation of ti'e includes designation of carriage.* Cf .Sec. e tror abbreviations of weapor nomenclature.

Type*

use in

if to

already

II

'I

if

1940

,

Ii Bt

i, II

if i

is if

Jan 1941

Jan 1942

July 1942

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Iv#P-05,9

Principal Weapon Date Introduced to Troop Units

Pz Kpfw III (i')

Pz Kp'lr IV

Pz Kpf'w V Panther

Pz Kpfw VI Tiger I

Pz Kpf'w VI Tiger

Flak tank oncarriage

38 (t) and IV

Pz :8etf W (carriageI-VT )

Recovery tank (carri-'a'ge 38 (t),III, IV, V)

Flamethro~rer

Kw K 75 mm L.24

KW K 40, 75 mm L 43and. 48

Pak 42, 75 mm L 70

Kw K 42, 75 mm L 70

Kw K 36, 88 mmL 56

Kw K 43, 88 mm L 71

Flak 20 mm, 20 mm-four-barreled

Flak 37 mm, 30 mmdouble-barreled

same as Pz Kpfw 1-VI

Feb 43

already in use in 1940

April 42

Aug 44

Feb 43

June 42

Niov 43

1Nov 43

Jun 43

* Also called Komnigtiger LtRoyal Tigerf,

Type

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MS f p--059

C, Asault Guns~ and. JagdpanzersLTank Destroyers-7

Abbreviations:

Type*

Sturngeschuetz L;assault gun7: Stu~ GeschKamrofwagenkexione tank cannonj: Kw K

Sturmhaubitze Lasseult howitzer 7:Stu H

Sturmnkanone .Lassault cannonf Stu K

Sturmpanzer Lassault tanskj Stu Pz

Principal Weapon Date Introduced toTroop U~nits

Stu Gesch III

Stu Gesch IV

Stu H 42 (carriageIII)

Stu Pz (carriage IV)

Jagdpanzer 38***

Jagd~pan~zer IV

Jagdpant her(carriage V)

£lefhnt (carriageVI)**

Jagdtiger (carriageVI)

Kw K 75 mm L 24

Stu K 40, 75 nun L 48

Stui K 40, 75 mm L 48

Stu H 42, 105 mm L 28

Stu H 43, 150 mm L 12

?ack 39, 75 mm L 48

Pack 39, 75 mm L 48

Pack 43/3, 88 mm L 71

Pak 43/2, 88 mm L 71

Pak 80, 128 mm L 55

already in use in 1940

Apr 42

Dec 43

Mar 43

Apr 43

Apr 44

Jan 44

Oct 43

Apr 43

Feb 44

Dlesignation of type includes designation of carriages,Cf. Sec. e for abbreviations of wee; on nomenclature,Also 'called "Panzerjaeger 38" or "Hetzer".Also celled "Ferdinand" or "18.8 $tu Gesch, it,

*

**

**4s

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MS # PO'59

d~. Ant ita k Cannon on Self -Pro elled Mount

Abbreviation: Panzerabwehrkerione auf Selbstfahrlafette: Pak/ Sfi

Weapon Date Introdiuced to TroopUnit s

7:05 Pak 40/Sfl II

71b Pak 4U / Sfl 38 (t)

7, 5 Peik 40/ Sfl Lorraine**

7,62 Pek/ Sfl II

7,62 Pakf Sf1 38 (t)

Nashorn/ Sf± III or IV

Pak 40, 75 rm

Pek 40, 75 mm

Pak 40,. 75 mm

76, 2 mm Pak 36 or76,2 mm K (r)***

76,2 mm Pak 36 or76,2 mmKIL(r)

88 mm Pak 43/41,L 71

from Feb

from Feb

from Apr

from Apr

from Apr 42

from Feb 42

Designation of type includes designiation of carriage,

French carriage,

Captured Russian gun.n, After rebuilding they were called 117.62 Pak36" : prior rebuilding thaeir designa~tion was 117;62 K (r)"r',Caliber length unknown.

Type*

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M4S # P-.059

e, Nomenclature of Weapons anid their Abbreviations

Abbreviation Nomenclature (Germani) Translation (American)

MG'

Kw K

20 mm 3? mm, etc~

L 42, L60 etc,

Pak

Flak

Stu K

Stu H

Mschinengewehr

Kanipfwagenkanone

Kaliberdurchmesser in mm

Kal iberlaenge des Rohre s

Pa c era bwehrkaxsone

Fl ie gerabw eh rkan on e

Stixrikanone

Sturmhaubitze

Machine gun

Tank cannon

Caliber diameter in mm

Length of the barrel

Antitank cannon

Antiaircraft gun

Assault cannon

Assault howitzer

A number behind "Kw K"° or "Pak" designates the type, such as

Kw K 42 or Pak 39, The number, however, does not indicate the year

of introduction or construction.

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MS # p-059

f. Performance of Kw K and Pak

Cali- Cali Muzzle Armor-piercing capacity in mm with armor-piercingber ber velo-. shell 39 at an impact angel of 600 and a range ofmm length city

M/sec 100m 50Cm 100Cm 1500m 2000m 250Cm 300Cm

75 48 704 !99 91 82 67 63

75 70 925 138 129 111 99 88

88 56 773 120 110 110 91 84

88 71 1000 .222 185 165 148 132

18 592 228 215 202 190 178 166 155

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14S # P#059

2, TAILK STR1E1GTH

=Apiendix 1 shows tank strength on the following dates:

1 Septeber 1939

1 April 1940

1 September 1940

1 January 1941

After January, 1941, strength is shown as of the first of every month

up to 1 February 1945,

Strength in this case indicates the total strength in tanks of all

units of the Army (Field and Replacement Army) and the Waffen-SS at

repair installations, schools, ordnance depots and the like4

Appendix 1 lists tanks according to type, which the author has

classified in the following three groups:

a, Tanks

b, Assault guns and Jagdpanzses tank destroyers-/

c, Pak on self-propelled mounts,

A tank is characterized by a revolving turret; it is the principal

weapon of the Armored Command,

In assault guns and Jagdpaenzer the gun is not mounted in a turret,

which makes the vehicle lower and less ponderous and saves material and

work hours, Assault guns and Jagdpenzers are principally 'employed as

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1vS # PO59

infantry stxpprort or antitank weapons in conjunction with other arms

of the service,

The Pak on a self-.propelled mount (Pak/Sfl) is simply an antitank

gun mounted on a tank carriage and is lightly armored in front and.

on the sides. It is open on top. The Pak/Sfl is an emergency weapon

to compensate temporarily for the lack of production of assault guns

and Jagdpanzers.

Obsolete tank models, which can no longer be employed at the front,

are specifically designated as such in Appendix 1.

They were normally used in the Replacement Army; by occupation

troops and in the protection of troops against partisans, The carriages

of some of these tanks which had not been removed comletely from Army

inventories were rebuilt sa PekfSf1 or Jagdpanzers.

It has not been possible, in Appendix 1, to break down the vehicles

according to theater or according to Field. and Replacement Army,

It was possible to give a limited breekdown according to theater but

only for certain key-dates,

a. In the Western Camaign of &ay 1940 the'following tanks

participated as part of the Field. Army (The figure in brackets denotes

the strength, but only after 1 April 1940, The Western; Campaign

(second column) began on 10 May 1940)

Pz, Kpfw. 1 523 (1062)

II 955 (1079)

" " III 349 (329)*

* The figure for ?z,Xpfw III participating in the Western Campaign, whichexceeds the strength as of 1 April, is explained by the fact that vehicles

of this type rolling off production lines in April were delivered to the

field forces in time for the campaign

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KS # p-059

Pz Kpfw IV 278 (280)

a "a 35 t 106 (143).

11 " 38 t 228 (238)

Pz Bef W Larmoaconmand car 135(2)

Total 2574 (.3379 )

b, The following tanks were employed on the Eastern Front

on 4 M 1943 by the field forces, inclusive of the Wfaffen-SS. (The

figuires in brackets denote strength of the respective types as of

1 Mae~ 1943) :

Pz IKpfw III 507 (1465)

f IV 541 (1077)

Ha r VI 72 (165)

In repair installations

Total:o 162 (230

NIote: The difference between the figures in the second column and

those in brackets is accounted for by distribution over the remaining

theaters, the Replacement Army, tank repair installations. in the Zone

of Interior and the ordnance depots,

c, The Ps fw II VI and assault guns employed on the

Eastern Front on 10 June 1943 by the field forces, inclusive of the

Waffen-SS amounted to the following:

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MS # p059

(The figure in brackets denotes total Army strength as of 1 June

1943),;

Ready for employment 2569

In repair installations 463

Total 3032 (5416)

Notes The difference between the figure and that in -brackets was

distributed as set forth under b, above,

d, A breakdown covering much the same period and several

theaters is possible for the beginning of 1944. (Figures denoting

total Army strength are added in brackets)

Pz Kpfw III (ready for

action)

Pz Kpfw IV ( ready for

action)

Pz Kpfw V (ready foract ion)

Pz Kpfw VI (ready for

action)

Pz Bef W (ready foraction)

Assault guns

Italy

1 Feb

106

171

8

6

141

West29 Feb

99

58?

290

63

194

Last23 Feb 44

ZI Repair Total

29 Feb 44

450

405

128

78

655

:1

171

Strength

I1 Mar44

( 888)

1163 I(1824)

418 (1339)

149' (504)

6 (466)

506 (~noTotal (ready for action) 432 1233 1519

In repair installJationsf 49 1534 1232

- --- --- - r - - -"- 1 - - --~- - I - -r-I-~- '

c--- -- ------- -Gr~nd totali 481 12333 3053 1232 11 5999 (80a)1

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MS # p-059

The difference in number of vehicles, i.e. the difference between

8031 and 5999 (2032 vehicles) applies to vehicles in use by occupation

troops in N5orway and in the Balkans, including Crete and Rhodes, newly

activated units in the Zone of Interior, ordnance depots and. the Replace-

ment Army.

e, The following survey shows the reinforcements, according

to month and type of tank, assigned to the tank forces in the 'West dur-

ing the six months preceding the Allied invasion. The percentage of

allover tank strength represented by each month's reinforcement, is

indicated by figures in brackets.

Date Pz III j Pz IV Pz V Pz VI Stu Gesch Total

(%) 1%) ( Jgdpz (%) (%)

31 Dec 43 145 (16) 316 (19) 157 (14)j 38 (10) 223 (10) 879 (14)

31 Jan 44 98 (11) 410 (24) 180 (15)' 64 (15) 171 (7) 1 923 (14)

29 Feb 44 99 (11) 587 (32) 290 (22) 63 (12) 194 (6) 1210 (16)

31 Mar 44 99 (12) 52? (25) 323 (20) 45 (9) 211 (7) 11205 (15)

30 Apr 44 114 (14) 674 (32) 514 (31)'101 (18) 219 (7) 1622 (19)

10 Jun 44 39 (5) 748 (32) 663 (35) 102 (16) 310 (8) 1862 (20)

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MiS ; P059-1.

IT. Pz Kpf'w and Stu Gesch with the field forces on the

eastern Front as of' 5 Januar 1945:

Stu Ge sch?z units; brigades

Pz Jaegercompanies 0))

ro

y4E

(q

}{

TotalF..sternFront

Strength(according toAppendix 1)

Pz Kpfw IV

Pz Bef W,Flakpz

Stu GeschJagdp z

596

670

26

641

1933

902 949

902 949

596

670

26

2492

3784

(2259)

(1982)

(428)

(576)

( 6167)

(11412)

*Already included in the figures directly above.0) Stu Gesch Brigades ~[Sturmgeschxetz Brigaden -Assault gun brigades /

are GHC, troops for the reinf'orcement of' infaentry divisions,0)) Pz Jaeger companies are component parts of' infantry divisions,,N~oce: The great Russian offensive, which extended over the entireEastern Front began on 15 January 1945,

-15

0)

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us # P-059

g, Tank strength at the Wetern Front on 5 February 1945:

Strength Readyr forion

act- Strength (accord-ing to Appendix 1)

Pz Kpfw III and IV 110 68 (2810)

if n V 219 .96 (1964)

if "r VI 61 26 ( 404)

Pz~efW 299)

Flak tanks (228)

Total number vehicles 390 190 (5705)

Stu Gesch anid Jagclpz IV 892 533 (6054)

Assault tank 32 15 ( 188)

Jagdpz V 66 43 ( 208)

Jagdpz VI 28 I21 ( 51))

Total number of Jagdpz and 1018 .612 (6501)Stu Ge sch

1Nashorn (?ako/SfJ. with 88 mm 12 8 ( 141)cannon)

Total number of Pz Kpfw,Stu ~esh an. lashrn 120 10 12277?)

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MS # P-059

3. TANK LOSSES AND I fLACBMirT

a, In principle the repairing of tanks was carried out as close

to the front as possible, The repair services accompanied the troops

to the combat area, as far as enem~y fire permitted.. TLhe motor officers

of the tank battalions accompanied the repair services to the combat

area and directed their employment there. In this manner these officers

were able personally to survey losses and damages.

Daiaged tanks which could not be repaired with the means available

to the field forces were collected by recovery vehicles and turned

over to the repair companies of the tank regiments or to other repair

services. In the evening, battalions or regiments were informed as

to the number of tanks ready for action, the number in need of minor

repairs, the number in need of major repairs and total losses. These

figures were reported through command channels (adjutant to Ia branch

at divisional headquarters and from there to Is. branch at corps head-

quarters, etc.), as well as through traffic control channels (regimental

motor officer to divisional motor officer). This short standardized

report was transmitted by telephone or radio, and from division to

higher echelons usually by teletype.

These daily reports were supplemented by a monthly report through

traffic control channels in which the daily reports were compiled

and, if necessary, corrected and completed by means of accurate and

detailed accounts covering damages and causes. These reports were for-

warded through channels to the Chief of Army Supply and Administration

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MS + p-O59

at the Army High Command, who in turn, submitted them to interested

agencies in the Army High Command for further evaluation~

b0 Total losses are compiled in Appendix 2 and are broken

down by month and according to tank types beginning with May 1941,

These losses comprise all losses at the front,. regardless of

whether they occurred in combat through enemy action, were occasioned

by vehicles, falling into enemy hands in damaged or undamaged condit

ion or were the result of "canibalization". of damaged vehicles to

make others fully serviceable,*

Temporary losses (damages) are not considered in Appendix 2.

During the latter part of, the War, 95 percent of damages were

repaired by the field forces, and at least 95 percent of these within

the tank regiment, while only about 5 percent of the damages were

repaired in repair shops in the Zone of the Interior,. In this connect-

ion see also the following;

Performance of the Tank Re air Services

aa At the front, ie, the' tank repair shop companies of the

regiments, armies and army groups, exclusive of repair services in

companies, etc~:

Reductions in number because of sales to foreign countries, transfersto agencies outside the Wehrmacht and total loss in the ReplacementArmy have not been considered. These are so small, however, thatthey would not have affected the statistics to an appreciable extent,

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MS P -059 *1P

Month Pz II-VI Stu Gesch Pak/ Sfl Total Motors

Oct 43 973 652 .200 1825 143

Nov 911 698 195 1804 216

Dec 1294 873 224 2391 2831

Jan *44 2190 1111 938 4239 228

Total 10259

bb. Zone of the Interior:

Oct 43 62 22 45 129

1Nov. 90 19 36 145

Dec 57 41 30 128

Jan 44 71 91 39 201

Total 603

C. It was impossible to prepare a breakdown of losses

according to cause.

d~. Estimation of tank losses and replacement

Up to the beginning of the 1941 Rissian campaign, the course of

the War was rather abnormal on the German side because consumption

of materie1 occurred almost exclusively during the short periods

the campaigns (Poland~, Norway, France, Yugoslavia/Greece) lasted. This

made it. possible, in spite of low -production, to increase the stocks of

war materiel whichi were very limited at the beginninz of the War during

-19"4

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v S # p-059

the long intervals between the campaigns, so that, in the summer

of 1941, sufficient forces were at hand for the difficult task ahead.,

For production data see Appendix 3,

In spite of very low production of Pz Xpfw and Stu Gesch, it had

been possible to increase the number of tank divisions from ten to

twenty during the period oaf twelve months between the end of the

French campaign and the beginning of the Russian campaign, Some

of the tank divisions, however, had only two battalions instead of

the customary four, Su.bseqyuently, they were to have been brought up

to full strength,

Aside from 4200 Pz Kpfw, at the beginning of the Russian campaign

there was as a result of this situation, practically no reserve avail.,

able. Monthly production amounted to only 260 Pz Kpfw, but it was

increasing, The Army High Command viewed this development with great

concern but had been unable to step up production, N~evertheless, the

Army High Command believed that it could risk being aole to meet re-

quirements for the campaign against Russia. It hoped to be able to

replenish losses from current production, especially since it erroneously

believed that operations on a large scale were impossible in Russia

during the winter.

Approximately 3800 Pz Kpfw were expected to roll off production

lines from the beginning of the camipaign, in June, 1940, to the end of

Mays, 1942, i.e. prior to the beginning of furtner large operations in

that year,

At first actual production came up to expectations, Losses during

-20w

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~jS P p-059

the summer of 1941,1900 tanks up to the end of October, were high

but could have been met by current production without difficulty

if two unexpected events had not complicated the situation:

a. The fighting continued unabated during the winter

months,

b, The superiority in armament of the Russian T 34 tanks,

which appeared in ever-increasing numbers, neutralized the lightly

armed German tank models on the battleield, with the result that

the latter had to be withdrawn and replaced by new models equipped

with better cannon, (Of. Appendix 1),

In preparation of the big summer offensive. of 1942, in which the

majority of our tank units was to participate, tanks were withdrawn

from battle in spite of the fact that doing so involved great risks.

Thiese were completely re-equipped so that approximately 2500 Pz Kpfw

could be conmmitted in this operation alone.

From the beginning of the campaign of 1941 up to the start of

the summer offensive on 1 July 1942, approximate losses of 3850 Pz Kpfww

were offset by the production of 4100 tanks. However, an additional

number of over 1000 tanks must be added to the losses, since these

tanks were no longer fit for service at the front,

The Stu Gesch and the PakfSf1 have so far not been taken into

consideration. The Stu Geech was at that time a comparatively new

weapon, still in the development stage, and had to undergo extensive

tests at the front. Its production surpassed losses to a considerable

extent so that the supply of 400 available at the beginning of the

Page 30: AIM/ - OCLC

IVS f p-059 -2

campaign increased to 780 by 1 July 1942. These weapons did not

increase the fighting power of the tank divisions, but that of the

infantry divisions. D~endices 5 and 6 show comparative production

and loss figures, The Pak/ Sf1 was introduced in the spring of 1942

to fill the production in the Armored Command. This was a, temporary

emergency solution, designed to increase antitank fighting power at

the front. If these vehicles are included in the estimate, a more

favorable picture develops, as shown by the following statistics:

remd for action

1 Jul 41 lD ec 4l lkiar42 1 Jul42 1 Jan43

Pz Kpfw 4278. 4084 2468 3471 4364

Stu Gesch 416 598 625 780 1155

Pakf Sf1 -- 306 1124

Total 4694 4682 3093 4557 6643

The heavy destruaction of tank forces

a new phase,9 Here, as well as during the

losses increased immensely. From January

to the followings

at Stalingrad introduced

ensuing retrograde. battles,

to April 1943 they amounted

2945 Pz Kpfw,

461 Stu Gesch,

426 Pak/ Sfl1

-22-

Page 31: AIM/ - OCLC

MS # p-059

The strength of the Pz Kpfw ready for action thus again decreas-

ed to 2500 during this period, The fact that, as a result of the

Stalingrad defeat, the initiative had passed to the enemy now also

became evident in the field of materiel, Only by conducting the War

on an economical basis would it have been possible in 1943 to regain

this initiative,* This, the German command, however, could not decide

to do,

The Stalingrad mistake was soon followed by another. The un-

successful summer offensive of 1943 at Orel-Kursk (Uitadele'"l),

with the retreats following upon it after July 1943, was again very

costly in tank losses, This is shown in Appendix 2 ahd in the graphic

chats in bend~es 4 and 5,j

Due to the fact that Hitler continuously ordered activation of

new tank units necessary rehabilitation of units was impeded in spite

of a considerable increase in production, The result was that the

available tanks were distributed over an ever-increasing number of

tank units, and this consequently affected the fighting power of

these units, It was only in the spring of 1944, that the number of

available tanks again increased appreciably, so that, for exanple,

in l4arch, 1944, the tank strength as of January 1943, was again

attained, At the beginning of July, 1944,, the number of available

tanks reached its wartime peak with 5800 vehicles, (Cf. Appendix 4),

However, due to the overtaxing of tank forces which. had occurred earlier,

* Similar conditions prevailed in other fields of materiel and personnel.

Page 32: AIM/ - OCLC

MS : p-059

the increase in materiel was counterbalanced by a decrease in train-

ed personnel, so that the fighting power of these forces was no

longer commensurate with the number of tanks available. A steady

increase in losses was the result. The high losses in tanks suffered

during the battles after the invasion of France and during the retreats

in Russia could be met to a certain extent by increased production;

as illustrated by A endice - 3 and the graphic chart in Appendix 7.

Developments in the field of assault guns and Jagdpanzers were

more favorable, due to the fact that their requirements in materiel

and' labor were considerably lower than those for tanks, so that it

was easier to increase production,

In conclusion, and judging by the course of events after 144, it

may be regarded as an established fact that although tanks were subject

to almost continuous commitment, the strength of the German tank

forces could be maintained at a fixed level by monthly production of

10 15 'percent of its over-all strength, A prerequisite for this,

however, is that the tank forces have a repair service at their dis-

posal to take care of all small and average repairs within the units

themselves. A sufficient supply of snare parts and interchangeable

units must be made available to unit repair installations to insure

Quick repair of damages sustained, Unless repair installations are

able to work efficiently, the number of total losses quickly increases,

e, Tank production was guided through the following channels:

The Army General Staff, on the -basis of strategic intentions and

Page 33: AIM/ - OCLC

organizational plans, filed a request with the General Army Office

for the further development of the tank arm, For the purpose of establish-

ing a pattern, this request took into consideration a long period of

time (several years). The General Army Office in turn worked out

this reauest in detail and forwarded it to the Army Ordnance Office,

In case it should be impossible for these three offices of the

Army High Command to attain a uniform conception, the Commander in

Chief of the Army had to make the decision. The Army Ordnance Office

integrated the resulting plan into its over-all armament plan, which

had to be approved by the Wehrmacht High Command, Tnereafter the

Ordnance Office had to insure that everything proceeded according to

plan±, The industrial output necessary to attain the goal either

already existed or had to be created, During the course of the

War the authority of the agencies involved shifted as a result of

the creation of a Miinistry for Armaments and a. Office of Chief

of Army Equipment, With the dissolution of the post of Commander in

Chief of the Army and the assumption of its fuanctions by the Chief

of the Wehrmacht High Comu and and Hitler himself - particularly

since Hitler showed increased interest in all questions pertaining

to armaments authority shifted more and more to the Fuehrer.

For 1940, prior to the French campaign, the monithly production

quota for tanks and assault guns was established at 600; this goal

was to be attained in 1943, At the beginning of 1940) production

was still considerably below 200, At the beginning of the Russian

campaign the figure wias 300. The increase in tank divisions from ten

MMS # p O59 25-

Page 34: AIM/ - OCLC

u26-

to twenty, beginning with the autumn of 1A940, led to a revision

of the monthly production quota of 600 tanks. The result was a

demand to raise the monthly production quota of tanks and assault

guns to 1250, This reqies ,in January, 1941, fulfillment of which

was dependent on the building of new production centers, was opposed

by the Minister of Armaments, Todt, The latter regarded the demands

as exaggerated and impossible to satisfy by German industry, He

obtained an order from the Wehrmacht High Command, Keitel, which

prohibited. an increase over the old quota of 600, For the time

being, the Army High Command was' satisfied with this decision and

oelieved that it would be able to conduct the campaign against Russia

without the increase, The considerations which motivated this attitude

have been mentioned above,

In January, 1942, the Chief of the Ordnance Oftice again presented

the Arnlrls requirements, 1250 tanks and assault guns per month, to

the Minister of Armaments. In the meantime, however, there had been

high losses in tanks in the past during the winter, further activation

of tank divisions had been ordered by Hitler, activation of tank units

tor the SS had started and the demands for assault guns had increased

by leaps and bounds. The inister of Armaments presented the recuire-

ments to Hitler, who failed to make a decision, since he was for the

moment favorably impressed by events at the front and relied upon the

effect of the more efficient antitank guns whose employment wa s imminent,

This made him doubt the future of the tank forces,

In response to renewed pressure by the Chief of the Ordnance

HIS #i p-059

Page 35: AIM/ - OCLC

MS + P059

Office von Speer, Minister of Armaments, in July 1942, Hitler

finally was compelled to make a decision, He now exceeded the origin-

el. demand. made by the Army and ordered a monthly production of 1450

tanks and assault guns, The steps which were immediately taken

to increase production and to fill the new quota began to show re-

sults in the spring of 1943, as shown in the graphic charts in

A joences 5 and 60

In order to meet the reauested increases in production it was

necessary to coordinate production of a great many factories of

various kinds, especially as a large number of plants shared in

the production of the following parts:

Tank hulls.

Tracks and bogie wheels.

Motors,

Gears,

Turrets,

Armament.

Optical instruments,

Ammunition, etc,

In addition, frequent changes in tank types, armament, etc,,

which occurre.during the War, had to be considered, It was the mission

of the Ordnance Office and, later, the Ministry of Armaments constantly

to coordinate production orders and the capacity of the manufacturing

plants by allocating manpower, etc, The fact that tnis was to a

great extent achieved in the face of great difficulties and in spite

-27-

Page 36: AIM/ - OCLC

1s P-059

of the air war is shown in A nni n h rpi hrsi

Arnendi es 5 and 6_,

The air attacks were successfully minimized by transferring

proOduction centers to areas in less danger and particularly by de-

centralising prodtuction, It was not until the end of 1944 that

the air war affected production. so severely that there was a cow~

siderable drop in production,

sig. Burkhart MUZ " Ri HILLIBRI#

Page 37: AIM/ - OCLC

*) a csaul t guns and Tankdestroyirs readfo

1) Te&FA N A E Asaul i-u:xe &vrd Tank Destroyers front uie.

Ld for 1 ppendi x 1 {

3) Antitwangun on self- "Illa. e1 .~rop.led mount. t rnt

Ttma 3t Sz 1.1 (F) 35(t) 38(t) IIIFahrge8tell I II II/III 35(t) 38(t) III

-Tank gun Tank Tank guia Tank

* a f f e M. G. 2 c: rohr 37c~37c ,WepnMachine. Z=t Flame- 477mm 37mm KwK.. L 6o

gun Ta-thrower 5 cm~ Kw.K.

IV IV VPanthf~j

Iv Iv Iv vTank Tank Tank Tank

= 11fl A7 lfn ~fl - n

5cm 7,.5L6 L 24Kw. K. 75mm

=L 42 7.5colun : 7zaw and____ ___ ____ ___ ____ ___ ____ ___ 50 Eam

1,9.193 9 1445 1223 3 -- 981.4.1940 10c2 1075 7 143 23e 329

1., 11079 955 871 X26

KwK.7,5L 43u.48

Pak-7,9JL 7075mm

it;" "7.5L 70

75mm

VI VITiger Tiger Flak Pz bc-I II Pz. Bef. Wten

VI VI 36(t) I -VI 3Tsnk fTack IV *)armored iain co d 9WUL -

K . X. Kam. K. Flak very ch.~. , ,8 2 cm T0m ariousL 56 L 71 2cm Vier-83mm 86mm uln6

3,7 cmn3?min3 cia ;6w i -

9 10 11 '*1'

ecov r TOTAL T TStu.c --

Summer~f Stu. G. III/ Stu. H. Stu. Jagd-

ITT-TV -0 W-9

d), etrZeilen

I- der III/f rontfac- :III IV

zhe hieeil

QlYuns Pzspf. w. K.XW.K.1-16 tanks 7,5 '7,

ready L24 L48for use tank tank

gun 75.i:3~X

i~4 L48

38/ICI IV IV

H.1©,5L 28

H. Pak15cm 7,5

H. ak Pak Pak Pak15cm7.5 8, , 8,5 12,6

L 12 L 48 L71 L71 L55antitank an-

tank - 88 mm tank

4=DaA-tI e 1IPk/ 11 Is-

Jagd- fart tiger um :3 1.horn

" s nthpr der

Pe C/ ' 1.

* ).front-firers .III/V VI VI Ze ilea, f aeh.

19 -2-

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rn .IL17 19 20 21 22 2 2, I.-L.

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215243

3195'U ~~30 mm double-T-86 6

3195 88mm 5 5

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Tot lb. th Totl-o th

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27,31

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1015111012001323144015011479157116461784

or

barrled453476459499517533.488470499485

2441232260286308330331331335328315

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30728927827326 9264266255257256257

489648284"6248025082538556635673590358395973

41784317453936853 943420042784029390440024085

27382695246827182 946325134,13473373637603 941

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Im {Siheru Tdes t hin~ter der F1 ront und zur Ausbildung iz &'sataheer geeignet.

Figuxres framed in~ Red indcicate vehiles wnich could no longer be used at the frontbut only in the security service behind the lines and for training troops in theReplacement Armyr.

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Page 38: AIM/ - OCLC
Page 39: AIM/ - OCLC

gne-der

Zeilen

AP: -b 1X2V ERL U ST E

ITanks.1 -nzer~amDwa zn.

F, II (F) 38(t) 1III }iii ' I fiNv .- vi L vi

Panther i Tiger I Tiger

Fahrueate1 TITII TI/ITTI 186t) ITTT I TTT -- ~ D- --111LJ

CarrieeILv iv vi i VI

Flak- pz. Ber;pz. .TeIf. W. pz.

38(t)/ 1-VI 38(t),""Iz v,

KW. K, Flanr- Kwi.K. Kw.X. XK. Kw.K. Kw.K. Pak. 1W.K. Xw.K. Kw.X. FlakWa11'e MG 2c ror ,7 3,7 5 1607,5 7,5 795 7,5 8118 898 2cm, tversch. -1-5

WepnFae5 42 :7,5 L24 1.43 L70 L70 L56 L71 2cm Vier-thrower 124 u.48 ling

Column 13 coZwil-

N. d ~ile 11 2 3 1± 56 7 8 91012 139 T 5xMa3i 1941 I - - - 113uni13 16 33 127' 16 112Juili 109 107 175 219 108 1873August 141 96 173 90 70 1258September 7 24 62 98 21 1729

(ktober 15 34 84 35 52 1424November 25 27 144 105 36 634Dezemnber 14~ 89 102 208 6K 2856

1-Suiie111 315 3373 72 1 6 62Januar 1942 18 76 31 ..181 - 48 2838FeLr. 15 40 8 14949 1628Maerz 1 3 7 32 10 j - 8 6April 1 12 11 50 22 410Mai 8 6 6 . 14 30 2 6Juni 5 22 4 110 41 318Jufl - 28 5 235 61 1634August 2 27 20 130 37 -221September 4 21 24 179 48 -428Cvtober 1 11 37 87 54 3 319November 5 . 29 25 266 57 -939Dezember - 12 18 6o -± i 3Swme92 6o 287 196 10152 399268Januar 1943 49 - 30, 231 93 11 1743Febr. 207 - 13 988 343 3 40 19Maerz 51 - 30 2A2 6 2750April 22 - 4 '0 1 1 9 1117. 41

Ma125 1 2 13 90 4 152 17306Juni 12 - - - 2 1 4 - - 1Juli 26 4 - 18 171 19 271 83 33 17365August 4 11 1 :14 . 163 11 269 4.1 40 18-57September 1 9 1 7 1 1 '136 123 65 9-35Ckt ober 2 13 5 10 55 6 193 107 32 26145November 5 11 10 21 184 2 260 79 28. 22254Dezember 1h1!. - Sr 312 301' 92 58 26 15±

- Sunme 1949 108 6322 .096 ._209-766Januar 1944Fe brua rMaerzAprilMa iJuni3u:1

Lugus tSep temle rOdtober

November

321'2114641

3 5 37 10

8 1 - 16 12 38 1

1 I -

86 8

2 31 I -_-

149120276

8326242636529211 20

5

192421141 33347278298283105001.

13289602089

19191

1423919

1

2853

3

531339191690226528

1068769775546254-S17

Dezember II I I 1- o co < 141-<-vI 1 ... I ., 1 r% , , I-nnnn .'Q C.1 '(1 i1~

2) Stunngeschuetze und Jagdpanzer.

Stu. G. Stu. G.III II/IV

3) 1ak/Sti1.I I 1 I l 1

IStu.H. ~Stu. Pz. Jagclpz.

I l4 -

III I TT/TV TTT NT

Jagd- Elef antpanther

Jagd- i'_§___

It ige r .der

VI VI Zeilen

Pa/S~1 horn der

111* I T 11-y. ItY." -"1 .- , 0 .Laa 11; v Seujen

Stu. x. Stu. x. H 10,5 H 15cmPak k P k Pak 7,5 Pa7,5 795 L28 L12t 7,5 8,8 898 12, 8 17-24 u-.7062 6,8 26-27L24 jt448 1L48 L71 L71 L55 L 71

7<15 9 2 2.1 23 24 25 2(211_ 1 -

3. 38 822 2212 3!1220 2010 1C

19 19

53 5310 1025 25

1028 28-13 13-20 20 15 1537 37 25 2532 32 35 3534 34 24 2428 28 23 120 10

390 90 12 .r..127

30-30 5 5246 253 220 220134 1 135 119 119

41--43 82- 82

- 36-. - - 36 1 56- 141 10 17 39 207 76 4 80

132 ,11)- - 143 75 19 94- 216, 8 8 - 224 25 30 55

- 191 16- 1 20o 46 16 62- 219 13 7 4 243 19 1 20

i6,16 -169 67 17 84166 18 a

f 2277243

23632313117,.91436834631512010lj

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162222

816804474863521

3916210

16

23

423

298

131

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2912592603)81391 9v

1056430523551

- 210- ' I'

705822

1.563375

30664

1661219

17243077

46.299

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1

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1634t0

123! 335

73166}14

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18966 5866 67 108 r6o 1 4 '1

Benerk ung : Pz. Kpfw. 35 (t) waren ab 1941 nicht mehr imn Felcdheer vorharxden.

Note: Begi.u ing in 1941, Pz.KNw 35 (t) were no longerused 1y the Field Forces.

T Y PT Y Ph

k -s a

Totp]

Total-

Total

Total

sp,>(, c1. S]nQ

0 7r7r7 , n IO r n... . ~ ALL - .- .

v . 4 J fl as Iv - _r" l.+

1 X16 K4 1 1 1 17 (11 LA in cu

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7 -777 411 0_1 ---- 1441.1 1 91 Z (1 .LL1 W tZ 171i i 1 1 'I 1 K . > , i 1 l7 4 C;q7 : 7ii 4. 1 i n 1

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Page 40: AIM/ - OCLC
Page 41: AIM/ - OCLC

PR ODUCT I OhJPRWDUT ION

1 nzerka we. en 1 tame.

ahrgestel l II III 38(t) III IIIf IV I V V V

Kw.K. F lam,t.. Kw.X. K. K.( wK. Kw.K.PawK KwXW f c i~or,7 3,7 z5crn'7 795 7575

la-5c L60 L 24 tL 43 L 0 L56Weapon 20=m thrower 37mmL 42 7,58mL94 7m 5m7 5mColumn # 37mm I _______

Jan. 1941 - 45 88. 314Febr - 50 108 26Maerz 7 5 22

prl15 49 124 36Mai 12 78 143 2Juni 1

1u 21 65 127 38A'wust 25 64 179 44September 25 76 17c 46j1Oktober j135 53 i164k1iNovemberfl zemiQpr-

Jai

40o 206171

Recovery tank

IIVI 8(t),

Ki.Xlak2cm68cmVier-

L71 ing47

*88mm cm Zwjiinfl

ef.VI. pz. fdeI-V-I Z.eilen

Total of: the

2) Assault Guns and Tank Destroyer

IIIv I IIIIV

III "IIIv

" " V7 VU Q 406 t 4 .4'1 T 'I .1r -eno { trm + f +, a.

Pak/Sf.1.

Ti/f1 . ( cc- tet~d1 s-horn

II I/IV

Pz.

III I~V

Jagd- 1Jagd-panzcer panthe~

3,6/IVI 1 -- - - I --I

versch*I

various

1_.t

.t't

7

+k

f

col.umns Stu.K7,5L 24

btu.X.7.5L'43u.4875mm

tH

10,5L 28

115cmL 12

Plak795L48

Pak8,8L 71

lO5mm 15Uum 7?5mm 88mm

Ele-f'ant

.gd-tiger

VI vi

8, 87. '71

Pak12,8

88mm 128m

der 4

the co- Tot alof thea ____ --

--- -- Total of

Total strength

Sumdert

Zeilenpj

16 -23P ak 7,5u.7,62

75mm an76,2mm

1 ' . -I -

~11 12-Z U 1 U' k.1 25 ' ion v

Pak

L 71

88mm

1'25 u. 2'

I k20nDmm f&uarreled37 mmX0mmiouble)arrele4

At

lb

a2 0

22145

2

7I

.L50204204246276256264312325308348

44303047485634503871

n 1942i22 AaK ( 1E4A IV _ l .1929 __

Maerz 50A~pril 137Mai,ToniJuliAWuutSeptemberOktoberNoyvemberLazember

5~64220

28

2126

1 04

216244246246228231231217I188

1;8

5858

8085

{7288849399

.1131 Kr

320377330363408369339364325324309

45453

3679706o807080

100

'-unmme 192 T0 1 r15265:25 896 4278 327Ta60 2 893n. 1943 1 s ,406 j163 - f35 13 25713Fe tr. 14 65 34 171 18 32 -3 2014- -

Maerz 34 ' 35 205 59 37 - 370 17 1April 1 46 213 - 46 - - 30628 34 0a -43 272 324 50- 6892645 0

Juni. - 5 6 6o 12 48425 3-11 $ 253 202 65 11 511 212

Agu st -284 120 60 15 458295 -

Septemlerj 259 )197 85 - - 20 591 351Oktober 338 257 50- - 17 66239-November 238 1209 56 1 501 7 5616 4

_______r 354 ~299 67- 37 3365071$ure 19L °A!1,t100 21 02 18 !61a 1 87 13 82 . 5966 34 0. 7Jan. 1944 30 79 9 5 41 -j 718 ;3 6 2Fair. 252 256 95 5 13 20 641 774 21;.4 esrz 3027 66_25 1 704 315 1

,Yuri 1 29 3160420 10 1 750 j '8 8 1I i 32345 100 .15. 15t151792 406 3

Juni 300 - 37 Kj7 32 34! 201831 41 10 41Ju1i 300 - 380 64 45 31 20f 840 46 2 3I, ,ust. 300 60 350 '6 94 30 ~ 251 865432100

'ptem~ber 180 "'101 335 - 6Iz24 1 119719(,t obo r 18 147 281006 6 2'67

Noebr IjI200 203431. . 26 29 25 87900Nvme18 J72786 241 8002-

____ _________3125 66 .38k 2.76 260 12 96.

Jan. 194~. 170 235 211 - 40 5 23 684 15 10 55 271-1221i

5unnae total 945 IJn/Febr 0 q_____ 197L - 82 25 0Q.411 62 i

a SJS 09 1 0,E 893 53 60o 6 8 2 2at 3j2 8"56

444303047

4 48563450387146

ANLAGE 3.appendix 3

der

Zeilen

"Note.24,27

224}234234293324312298362363379

i 111L[]9"Q0 143796

45453

364 79

706o807080100

128142

23172167120

104

128142

23172.167120116104

365422333527629462571

.51552051J

This production chart includesall vehicles which were de-livered by the manufacturersto the Arzlr Acceptance Officersduring the respective months.

Bernerku:

Untc~r Produktion' sind die indem betrefienden Monat durch dieI eeresabnahxeste11en von denI Herstellern ueLernoninen Fain'-zeuge zu vers tehen.

120 1±1 1'784122 ! 6189_

130 140 - 140 527140 89 ~14 103< 563207 40 30 70 1 647

30 312 34 41 75 6936o 405 76 35 111. .1205

305 82 35 117 906306 90 44 134 951

2662 1i6 78 832355 101 27 120 1074

1 4407 141 i 42 18. 1252167 100 24 124 852

- 1 .. 22.. 3L0 1030 f3 35 I1074730 5 - 416 67 - 67 120149 7 2 500 72125 97 123875 8- 506 64- 164 1274

129 10 - 594 59 20 I 79 1423140 10 - .629 46 24 V 70 ; 14912201 6 - 797 -- -L624 7034225 15 3 832 -3I6313 16345263 1 3 792 31 31 1688162 '21 8 750 12 12 1482330 8 9 87 7 1 1562405 55 6 1012 5 } 511817

? _ 720 9 Q 1 -8 ___ __ _ __ __ __1729__ __ _

237_6 1 8682 08 13 ! 41182434 72 10 1015 1 211398 1,2 13 68910

8921 0_ _ __2_ _ _ _ _ _ _

lc, 4 15120 21±61 J29S. ~ L2

Bemerkunl;: Pz. Kpfrw. I unc 35 (t;~ wurden at, 1941 niche meir produziert.

Motes From 1941 on P, KDfv I and the 35 tontyp. were no 1on ermawdfactured.

r---

1 TfT C1I . T TfT 1 R . R " 1 I T . TT. / . _-_ i

:TI .coinDM

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11 lb IL6191o-,2 o Limo i. a~

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of o theversch.

co- Various

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r

1, + 1A 17 1 R" i io ; on ril OR 1I % i' ,P7

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1 r. -- ---

Page 42: AIM/ - OCLC