Assaciation intemationale oour I'etude des areiles - intemational association for the shidy of clays a aipea internationale Vereinigung zum Studium der Tme

Editor: a/Prof Rav L Frost. Secretarv-generai. Centre for inshimental and Develoomeutal . - Chemistry- lnor&ic Msrerialr Rererrch ~r ig ram Scliool of Physical and Chem;cal Sciences. Oueenrland I:nivrrsiiy oF I eclinolo~y. GI'O Iiox 2131, Urishnne. Queeniland, .. ~ " ~ t r ~ ~ i a 4001. Telephone: +61 7 3864 2407 f a : +61 7 3864 1804 e-ma* r.frost@qutedu.au hm>:/l\illlu.aer.kuleuven.ac.be.iiitore/

CONTENTS

1. Editorial Presidents Report 2. The 13" I.C.C.

2.1 Claysphere: past, present and fuhue 3. Council Meeting and Gneral Assembly

3.2 Commiltees 4. Repori of the Nomenclahue Commiiiee 5. National and regional clay gronps:

Australia, Brazil, Clay Minerals Society (North America), Brazil, Clay Minerals Society (North America), Czech National Clay Group, Hungary, Gruppo Italiano AIPEA, Japan, Nordic Society for Clay Research, Poland, Russia, South Africa Clay Interest Group, Spain, Russia, Serbia, United Kingdom

i 6. Meetings 6.1 The Ciay Minerals Society 39& Annual Meeting.

7. Business Meeting of the Genera1 Assembly of AIPEA I i 8. Meinbership Information

9. Membership Application F m , 10. Change of Address

1. PRESIDENTS REPORT

Il is a honour for me ta serve vou as nresident of AIPEA for the next four v e m I am alsa a Iittlc bii airaid of tdking up tliis job, bccause I know ao linlc abuui ~lays and clsv iiiincrals ancl btcaiisc I hnii\v iinly a l'tu, of rlic 1600 AIPFA iiirmbcrs per<imallv I hiips tii ~hanpc tlils - in the forthcoming yem. I thank the outgoing president, Elen Roaldset, far what she did far AIPEA in the last four years. DuMg my 14 years as secretaiy-generai I worked with four presidents, not only with Elen but also with Haydn Murray, José Serratosa and Jiri Konta and with two treasurers, Christian De Kimpe and Ming Huang and with a large number of council memben. 1 thank them ai1 for their constructive collaboration and their input into the society. I wiil especially mention the outgoing members of the present cauncil: Radka Kuhnel, Tony Eggleton, Amos Banin, Hisako Hayashi and Femanda Cravero. I dare say that we had a successfd 12" International Clay Conference, in spite of the difiicult circumstances in Argentina. We w i l i remernber the science, the amount of meat one can eat in Argentina, the Argentinian haditional dances and music an4 above all, the friendly people. Femanda and Eduardo, yon and your coworkers did a great job. You desenre vacation time, bnt in thc fnst place our applause for your effarts to make our stay agreeable. APEA is a unique society, because of its multidisciplinary character and its world-wide span. Scientists, coming h m the four continents are gathered in the intemational clay conference to disciiss scientific progress in such widely difierent fields as geology, mineralogy, environmental sciences, chcmishy, ceramic sciences and in industry This blend makes thc international clay conferences so unique. Let's kcep it that way. I hope also that tlie meeting in Baliia Blanca senres as a catalyst for South American clay sciences. The Latin-American clay conference, organized by tlie Porlugese group in 2000, might fmd a wntinuation in South America in the coming years. I am also very happy that the Japanese clay society organizes the 13" ICC, because the Japanese clav science is stronp indeed. It is mv wish that the oreanizine committee navs . . spicial atlention lo the South Eist Asean counhiés and their clay sciince so-that the Japanese meeting in 2005 seives as a cataiyst for clay science in Asia. The w&cii has se1 up three goals for the-coming fmr years. First of ali the connnunication behveen the society and its members must be improved. To achieve this goal the secretary- genera1 will improve the website. Both the newslener and the memhership list c m thcn be put on the web and made avaiiable to aU the meinbers. Our second goai is to reach as many clay scientists as possible.. Therefore the council wiii promote the formation of clay groups in counhies or regions, encompassing severa1 countries. Afiiliated societies wili be promoted, because al1 the members of the affiliated society are AIPEA meinber (at 50% discount). Finally, I see many new applications of clays and clay minerais in different fields and yet clay scientists in industry are underrepresented in AIPEA. So hprovement of the link behveen indushy and AIPEA is the third goal of the uiuncil. This is also usefiil fm the young clav scientists lookine for iobs. - , 'fhr irapi; evcnis 01' I I'?epirmbrr 2001 havr changed ihr ciiurre a i hirtory We arc now ui a dilficuli econoinic sltuaiion. Crcative rczcarch, Ieiiiling io ncw ideas and new pruduci< 8s thr best way out. Let's work on i t

Robert Schoonheydt President AIPEA

2 . 1 3 ~ INTERNATIONAL CLAY CONFERENCE-TOKYO, JAPAN.

2.1. THE CONFERENCE "CLAYSPHERE:PAST, PRESENTAND FUTURE"

Preliminary Plan of 13th Internaiional Clay Conference in Japan

Claysphere: pasf, presed andji<ftre -

August 21 - 27,2005 Waseda Universi@, Tokyo. Japan

Conierence Theme

Claysphere: past, present, and future

( 1 ) Research of clay formation in aii suhsystems of "claysphere" Japan, which is situated al the western side of Circum Paciiic area, is characterized by volcanism, hydrothmal activity, soii fmat ion, and diagenesis in the active plate margin, and therefore is a condense of claysphere in the Earth system.

( 2 ) Research of interface between "claysphere" and human activity The conference will orovide a most timelv wnaminitv for clav scientists in the world to bMg al1 the bresent knowledge ofmtekctions ;t clay s&ace with organic and inorganic materials, including the origin of life, discnss deeply about them, and serve a s a slimulus for new iesearchand even greater advkements in our understanding.

Tentative Science Program

+ Synposia - Clqs, Science and Technologv -

(1) Teaching Clay Science

i (2) Ongins of Clays Hydrothermal, Weafhering. Diagenesis, Water-Clay Reacfion

i (3) Clays and Origins of Life

Self-Organi:ation.Biomine~ali:atio~t,Ma~ro-MoIecuIes, Chirality

l (4) Organo-Clays

I ' Po~vmer/Clm~s,Nmocomposites,Neili Marerials, Templafes,IntercaI~t~on

1 (5) Clays and Environment and Human Heaith Bio-rernediation, Cleaning of Environment,Adrorption,Exchange

(6) Soil and Non-Crystalline Clays Soil,Precipitarion, C'yrlallizafion,Opaline Silica,Iron Minerals

(7) Clays in Ceramics

(8) Waste Management and Clay Barriers Radioaclive Wasies.Ph~isica1 Propeities of Clays,RiskManagemenl

(9) Simulation and Charaneriration Specrr.oscopy,Mi~ro~~opy,Neiv Characler.~alion,Sinislation

i. General Session

Themes may change or be added depending upon suhmissions.

1- Clays in Geology

2- Crystai Chemistry, Stmcture and Synthesis

3- Physical and Chemicai F'roperties of Clays

4- Clays in Industry

5- Methods

Post-Conferente Field Trips

1- Hvdrothemai aiteration around Tova Lake, Hokkaido (304 days) . Clay minerais (kaoline, smectité, illite, chlorite, I-S and C-s -ed layer minerals,

etc) and related minerals in hydrothennai systems, active volcanism, and weathering of tephra. Sightseeing the volcanic region.

2- G e o t h e d power plants, Kuroko ore deposit, and their related h y d r o t h d aiteration in northem Japan (3 days)

Geothemal power plants and their swomding aiteration, Kuroko ore deposit site and related clay minerals (illite, chlorite, and their mixed layer tninerds). Sightseeing the volcanic region.

3- 13eniiiniir drpiiatis in nonhcrn Japw (3nJ dqs) 2-3 bcntonitc deposits ons!naird bs Iivdr<ithemal acti\iti.-s mcluding Atcra7aua (typical ~a-smectite), ~awasaki, &d ~ a o deposits. Sightseeing the volcanic region.

4- Sericite deoosits. hiomats. and diatomite in the Jaoan Sea area (3 davs) . . . . . Pottery stone deposits, biomats precipitated fiom hot spring waters, diatomite deposit. Sightseeing an old castle t a m in Japan.

5- Kaohe deposits in centrai Japan (2 days) Sedimentary kaolin deposits in central area of Japan

6- PyrophyUite deposits in weatem Japan (3 days) Pyrophyliite deposits related to Cretaceous to Palengene volcanism in Hirashima and Okayama Prefechues. Visiting a beautiful historic Miyajima Shrine constnicted hy the seashore

8- Volcanism. alferation. and mineraiization in the southern end of Kwshu (3 davs) . , . Actavr volcano, griithermal powrr plnnt, epiihsrmal .9ii dqusits. and sunuundinp h!drothennal alirralion Weathcrhg of inassi\e p!roclastics

I.inally I - 5 trips may bc selectcd iiom the fcrd-hack iioni Cliy Sctentistr on the basis of a questionn3ire on ihe ollicisl neb p a y of thc 13" ICC

Intra-Conferente Excursion (one day) Visiting kaolin andlor hentonite deposits in the suburhs of Tokyo and sightseeing at Nikko, Toshogu ( a historical shrine in the Edo Period).

Social Events

Welcome Reception, Banquet, and Farewell Luncheon. Accoinpanying Person Progam

Visit Various Places to Feel Traditional and Modem Culhue of Great Tokyo (Edo museum, Kamakura, Palace, Temples, Night spots, Factories, Kahuki, Traditional dance, etc)

Web Site: hftp://wwwsoc.nii.ac.io/cssi2/l3ICC/

1 3 ~ ICC Organizing Committee

Oreanizer : The Clav Science Society of Japm 0rianizing ~on11niRee : Honorxy Chair : &mota NAKAZAWA

Chair : Atsuyuki NOLE Vice-Chau : Kamwki KURODA. Kame TAZAKi Secretary-enersl : Takabtima SA&MOTO Ireasurcr . Nonltiko KOIIYAMA

Ki).oslii OKADA, Shinjl l OMIIKA, Kat,umi hlAKUMO, Ryuji KITAGAWA, Moioharu KAWAUO. Temo HFhW. Atsushi

Address for Correspondence

Prof, Takahumi Sakamoto Secretary-Genera1 13* ICC Faculty of Science Okayama University of Science l - l. Ridai-cho. Okayama, 700-0005 JAPAN Phone & Fax : (81)-86-256-9430

YAMAZAKi, ~ a t n a o ' m ~ ~ ~ , ~ a k o i o OGAWA, Hirohisa YAMADA

7- Poneg. stone dcposits !n Kyusliu or Shikoku area (3 ddy\) Typical ponev rtone (iiiauil) scniitc) ddpii\it in lapan

e-mail : 131~~@das.ous.ac.jp

3.2 COWCIL MEETING AND GENERAL ASSEMBLY

The 1997-2001 AIPEA council is composed as foUows : president: E. Roaldset, Norway past president: H. Murray, USA vice president: R. Kiihnel, The Netherlands treasurer: P.M. Huang, Canada secretq-general: R. Schoonheydt, Belginm second tenn councillors: T. Eggleton, Australia

A. Banin, Israel H. Hayashi, Japan

fust temi councillo~: J. Dixon, USA J. Percival, Canada G. Lagaly. Germany

teaching committee chair: D. Schulze, USA nomenclahire coinminee chair: S. Gnggenheim, USA two representatives of the organizing committee of the 12th ICC:

E. Dominguez, Argentina F. Cravero, Argentina

Addresses of the councii members

Addresses of the council members (council Bahia Blanca 2001)

Robea A. SCHOONHEMT, President Department of hterphase Chemisw Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Kardinaal Mercierlaan 92. B-3001 Heverlee (~euvenj Belgium Tel: 32-16-321592 Fax: 32-16-321998 e-mail: roberr.schomiliev&(ij,am.kuleuvennac.be

DI. Emilio Galan, vice-president AIPEA Departamento de Cristalografia Mineralogia y Q. Agicola Facde Quimica, UNIVERSID Sailla Apartado 553 E-41071 Sevilla, Spain Egazlan@cica.es

D r Elen ROALDSET Museumsdirektor Universitetets nahirhistmiske museer og Botanisk hage Sars'gate 1 N-O562 Oslo tel: 47 22 85 18 40 Faks: 47 22 85 18 32 e-maii elcn.roaldset@toyen.uio.no

Dr. Ray Frost, Secretq-general Centre for Instnimental and

P 0 Box 2434 GPO Brisbane , QLD 4001, Australia Emaii r.frost@qut.edu.au Ph: i 6 1 7 3864 2407 Mobile0414842407 Fax: +61 7 3864 1804

DI. A.R. Mermut, heasurer Deparhnent of Soil Science University of Saskatchewan 51, Campus Dnve Saskatoon, Sask. Canada S7N 5A8 Tel: 306-966-6839 Fax: 306-966-6881 e-mail: mermut@sask.usask.ca

Dr.Peter Komadel Slovak Academy of Sciences Inst. of horganic Chemishy Dubrahski cesta 9 SK-842 36 Bratislava uachkomp@savba.sk Prof. E..A. Dominmez Depanamenio de Geologia Un~iersidad Nacional del Siir San Juan 670 8000 Bahia Bianca, Argentina te1 +54-291-4595101 fax+54-291-4595148

I email: edoinin@,criba edu.ar

I DI. Atsuyuki iNOUE Department of Earth Sciences Chiba University Chiba 263-8522 Japan tel: +81-43-290-3712 Fax: +81-43-290-3715 e-mail: atinoue(iiiearth.s.chiba-IL.~c,~

Dr. N. Claner Centre de Geochimie de la Surface 1, me Blessig F-67084 Strasbourg -Cedex

France

DrTakabumi SAKAMOTO Facully of Science Okayama University of Science 1-1, Ridai-cho, Okayama 700-0005 Japan Te1 & fax: +81-86-256-9430 email: sakamotoliudas.ous.ac.~

Dr. Kame TAZAKI Dept of Earth Science Kanazawa University Kakuma, Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan 920-11

hof . Gerhard LAGALY Chnstian-Albrechts-Universitat Institut fUr Anorgaaische Chemie D-24098 Kiel, Gennauy tel: +49-431-880-3261 Fax: +49-431-880-1608 e-mail: h.iiiittaxt3eiiiail.uoi.kiel.de

Prof. Joe B. DIXON Soil and Crop Sciences Department Texas A & M University Coilege Station,, Texas 77843-2474, USA Tel: +l-409-845-8323 Fax: +l-409-845-0456 e-mail. J-dinoo@lamu.odu

Jeanne B. PERCIVAL Geological Survey of Canada 601 Booth Sheet, Onawa Ontano KIA OE8, Canada Te1 +l-613-992-4496 Fax: +l-613-943-1286 e-mail: percival@,oc.mcan.ec.ca

hoE Damyli G. SCHULZE Agronomy Department Purdue University 11580 Lillv Hall West ~af&ene IN 47907-1150, USA tel: +l-705-494-8062 Fax: +l-765-496-2926

University of IUinois at Chicago Deparlment of Geological Sciences 845 West Taylor Stteet, MIC 186 Chicago Circle, Chicago Ulinois 60607-7059, U.S.A. tel: +l-312-996-3263 Fax: +l-312-413-2279 e-mail:aaluic.edu

2. Commitiees

Nomination Comminee Robert A. Schoonheydt . President Elen Roaldset Dick Merriman Tony Eggleton M. Fomoso

Bradlev Award Committee Robert A. Schoonheydt , President Robert Fitzpahick Jeame Percival Feranada Cravero

AIPEA Medals Coimnitlee Robert A. Schoonheydt , hesident E. Folan Elen Roaldset A. Lalonde J. Elzea Kogel A. Yamagishi

Teachina Committee: chair D. Schuize Nmnenclahire Cammittee: chair S. Guggenheim

email: schuize@dept.agry.purdue.edu

Steven GUGGENHEIM

4. REPORT OF TBE NOMENCLATURE COMMITTEE

Report of the Assaciatian Internationale pour I'Etude des Argiles (AIPEA)

Nomenilainre

Committee for 2001: Order, Disorder, and Crystaliinity in Phyllosilicates and the Use

of the "Crystaliiniiy Index"

by

Stevhen Guaeenheim. Chaiman. AIPEA Nomenclahue Committee, Devartment of Earth and -- Environiiir.nrsl S;!r'nces. Cni\.miy ~~l' l l l inii i~ al Chicago, 8.15 \V Ta)li,r Si . <:hacagi> Illinol, 60007, U5.4. Brrck C Rain, Maciula) I.aiid (.se Rcscarch Inuiiutr. Craigirh~cklcr. Aberdeen AB15 80H. Scotland Great ~rita&: Faiza Bereava. Cenhe de Recherche de la . . v , .

matière Divisée (CRMD), National Center of Scientuic Research, University of Orléans, Ib Rue de la Férolierie. 45 071 Orléans Cedex 2. France: Maria F. Brieatli, Devarhnent of E& Sciciiccs, \Iodcii3 and Kc&o Lniili~ Ilniversif), l. W S I ufeniii 19, 1 - i l IUO, hlodena. Irali.. Victor ..i Drits, <;coloi?ical instinite of thr. Kussian A:adcitiy ol'Scicncr', 7 biershii per: Moscowl-17 ~ u i s i a ; DD. Eberl, (Guest Member), U.S. Geoiogical Siwey, 3215 Marine St., Boulder, Colorado, USA 80303, Milton L.L. Formoso, 9,500, Ave Bento Gon~alves, Campus da Vale, Instit. of Geosciences, University Federral do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil, CEP - 91540-000; Emilio Galhn, Deparhnent of Crystallography and Minerals, Facultad de Quimica Universite, S e d a , Spain, Richard 1. Meniman (Guest Memherl. British Geoloeical Siwev. Kevworth. Nonineham United - . , - Kingdoin. NG12 J(i(i, Donal<l K I'cxor (Ciiert Meiriher), Depmnrni i,f Gcolo:tcal Sciciiccs. Unnersity ofhlichipan, Anii Arbor, Maclitgan. I:S,\ JXIIIc), IIlslgc Stanjck, LchrsNlil Fur Bodcnhunde. Tcclm Universlst \lun<hen. 1)-85350 Freisiiir-Wetlienste~)hm, - Germany; Takashi Watanabe, loetsu University of Education, Ioetsu Niigata 943, Japan conespondence: S. Guggenheiin xtal@uic.edu

Introducti0n The purpose of this report is to describe the appropriate use of indices relating t0

nvstaiinitv. such as the "civstallinitv index". the "Hincklev index". the "Kiibler index", or , . thé "hkai index". A "crys~alline2' solid is defmed as a solid consisting of atoms, ions, or molecules packed together in a periodic arrangetnent. A "crystallinity index" is purported to be a measure of crystallinity, although there is uncertainty about wliat this means (see below). This report discusses briefly the nahire af orda, disorder, and nystallinity in phyllosilicates and disci~sses why the "se of a "crystallinity index" should be avoided. If possible, it is sueeested that indices be referenced accordine to the author inifiallv describine the -- - parameter, as in "Hinckley index" or "Kubler index", or in honor, of a researcher who extensivelv investiaated the imliortance of the parameter, as in "Arkai index". -

In conhast to a crystalline solid, an "amorphous" solid is one in which the constituent components are randomly arranged. However, many variations occur between the two exhemes of crystalline vs amorphous. For example, one type of amorphous materia1 might consist simply of atoms showing no mder and no periodicity. Altematively, another amorphous inaterial inay consist of atoms arranged, for example, as goups of tetrahedra (i.e., limited order) with each 50np displaced or rotated (e.&, without periodicity) relative to another. Thus, this laner inaterial is nearly entirely amorphous, but differs from the fust.

Likewise, dishubance of order and periodicity may occur in nystalline materials. The tems "order" and "disorder" referto the collettive nature m degree of such disturbances. Although seemingly simple notions, "crystaiiine" and "amorphous" are complex concepts.

Clystalline snbstances may show a periodic intemal shnchue based on direction. For example, two-dimensional periodicity is common in phyllosilicates where hvo adjacent sheets or layers must mesh. For example, in serpenline, the 1:l layer must match the veriodicitv of adiacent lavers so that hvdrooen bondine is ontimized to li& the lavers. . - . Adjaceeni lager~ niay hr oltre1 hy mro shiiìr. 1<1/3shift\. ur -h 3 shtfts. htir hgdmgen hnndins 1s still niaintained and ti\.«-dirnrn\iunil penod~cin wrhm cach la!er remains hlost materia15 (oot necessarily clays, howeve;), exhibit three-dimensional pmiodicity Periodicity may be related also to domains, where short-range or long-range order may exist within domain boundaies.

Many forms of order and disarder occur in phyllosilicates, including arder-disorder in stacking sequences, isomorphous substitutional order-disorder where various ions m vacancies occur in certain coordination sites, aud order-disorder in the anangement of materia1 in the interlaver. Phases involvine intershatifications in ohvllosilicates are oommon. - . - with order-disorder in stacking of twa or more kinds of layers. In addition, mosaic character, interstitial impurities, thermal or positimal displaceinent, dislocations, and other defects may also be related to order-disorder.

In pracricc, 'cnsialliiiitv" is defincd as the drgee oi'prrfectton oftrnnslatii,nsl pcnod~c~f) as dctcrmined hv some ekperimental meihod Biltiaction techniquei art. ihe corninon methodoloejes to ascertain oeriodicitv. but different dimaction techniaues often do - -. not convey the same information. For example, because of the difierent wavelengths and imaging capabilities of X-ray and elechon-diffraction methods, X-ray diffraction experiments mav suegest that the veriodicitv of the material in the buik samole iiav be non-exisknt. . -- whereas elechon diifraction may indicate, for example, that the a tomi~ arrangements within fuielv divided vaibcles mav be periodic. in addition to the choice of radiation. avvarent . .. crys&linity (or apparent p&iodicity) inay be related also to sample preparation or experimenta1 technique. For example, 'huo-line" fenihydrite is often considered amorphous or nearly amorphous because of the use of powder X-ray dimaction pattems made with an improper choice of counting time and radiation. When scanned praperly, however, this material may display more than six powdcr-daaction peaks. As shown by accurate X-ray diffraction and selected-area elechon-difFraction data, both two-line and six-line femhydrites exist (e.g., Dnts et al., 1993). Similarly, "crystaiiinity" appears to decrease in powder X-ray dimaction experiments of oriented clay-paibcle agpregates when the clay paibcles are pattiaily or poorly oriented. Thus, the nahire of the hanslatioual periodici@ and the method of sample preparation and measurement are essential aspects that must be considered in any practical procedure to describe crystallmity.

Finally, note that this report is not wmprehensive in that it considers only limited aspects of "crystallinitv" and does not consider euvironmental factors affectine disorder (e.e.. . - . mechanical akons), idushial implications, sainple preparation methodologiei, etc. The purpose of this repori, as given ahove, is to consider some crystallographic asvects of crystalhity, such that appropriate nomenclature can be applied to this Eoncepi

, . The Term "Crystallinity"

The term "crystahity" is qualitative and depends on the type of orda (or disorder) as descnbed above, the dimensional nature of the periodicity precent, and the technique involved in its measurement Far vhviiosilicates, which are l o w - s m e t r v materials . . characterized by shongly anisahopic shnctures, widely varying chemical compositions, and commonly having either irregular or regular intershatiiications of various shuctures, the meaning of "crystallinity" is ambiguous. Funhermore, the apparent "nystaliiniiy" is shangly

dependent on crystallogaphic duection. Despite this, "crystaliiniv indices have been proposed for clay minerals for the last foiiy years, some of which have been widely accepted and applied worldwide.

Histmical Backeround and Camments Hinckley (1963) attempted to defme' "crystallinity" index to quantify "crystailiniv

by describing how characteristics ofpowder X-ray diffraction peaks may change among samoles of kaolinite. Hincklev (1963) described a orocedure lo measure the inaxima of the . . . 111 A d 021 powder-dfiaction peaks. Brindley (1680, p. 152) noted that the measurement gives an indication of the 'klarity af the two peaks, bui it is no1 related ta mie peak intensities". Plancon and Zacharie (1990) nGed that the orocedure is incaoable of . . quunn j lng tlic diversliy <if Jriecr rvuriiur\ tn haoliniie ~ample, Ihr (:la!. Minrral Soc~rty Uoiiienclanirc Conimitise ((iicsr, pna cumm . lY08) sugge\lcd that thr I linrklry index <I~lrcr~nriarcs Iiaollli~t~. s~mpkh cont~~ninp '.linw'' ainiiunr, <>i defeci\ ("linw-drlccr kaolinile") vs ''hip.hV ainounts ol'defccts i'liifii-dcfcct kaolinitc' Clcarly, Iiowc\er, haicvcr tlic Ilinchlcy indrx mea>iirrs, ihr' mdcx s noi a qiianritativc iiicasbre of "c~')siallin~rj"

~ e a v e r (1960) was the fnst to realizethat remilar chanees in shane of the fxst. 10-A . . basal retlcr.tion of illite i . 3 fun~i i i~n of hunal (inrrcd<inc icmpcratur* a d pressurr) 'lhe "shsrpniss rsi~o" 01' Weavcr (thc 'Weavcr inde~") 15 the raiio of iiitsnriiicr mei.,urcd at the peak haximum (near 10 A) and at 10.5 A. The Weaver index increases with increasing depth in sedimentq basins. Kiibler (1964) daerentiated the "mchimetamorphic zone" [the "anchizone" of Dunover de Sezomac (1969) and othersl to identifv the hansition between th? dr)-gaa rane anii ihc 7unc òf .inproduct>;.: ~ ~ o ~ ~ e n t t a ~ u r c " , ro&s tor hydrocarbon cxploratiort Kubler ( 1 9 ~ 4 , 1967) devircd an illitc cryrtallm~r)" ind:x (ottcn abbrn.iated as "lc"') tliat rclicr on the FiiII sildrh at Iialf inaruitum (FWHMi ofthc fusi. lu-A X - n v oowdcr- . . dfiaction peak of illitemnscovite, as measwed on the <2 :m sue fiaction of the abdried clay iising Cu KV radiation. The Knbler index, expressed as smail changes in the Bragg angle, Ao20, was inhodnced as a method of identifying the diagenesis-anchizone and anchizone-epizone metamorphic boundaries. Standardization of sample preparatian, instniinental ineasuing wnditions, and interlaboratory calibration are needed to do this (Kisch, 1990, 1991; Warr and Rice, 1994). Other crystailinityindices have been proposed for illite, including those of Weber (1972), Flehmig (1973), and Watanabe (1988). although tliese have been found to be less convenient or not as reproducible.

Although the Kiibler index proved to be an easy-to-use measure of grade of diagenesis and incipient metamarphism of clastic rocks, the nse of the term "illite crystailinity" is unfmtunate, becaiise it involves aiso iiiite-smectite and possibly white K-rich mica intenlratifications and consequently, il is not a duect measure of the "crystallinity". Manv authms use the term "crvstaliinitv" within auotation marks (see. e.e.. Kisch. 1983: - . I re).: lOX7). alihoi~gh Kiibler (l9Xli prcfensd thc temi .largr.ur dc Schenrr'(l>, or ".jr.hrrrrr ~ndtli" (SW) iniiead oF'.illiie cry.,ialliniiy"

Thc FWHRI !alues iif chlorite hasal rcflr<iiuna ha\e alsii brm u,rd as iniasure, of chlontc cr>stillinii)' (<re rrvtzws b) Frcy, 1987 and Arkai rr < i / , 1991). For tlie rcacnon

srnes siiiecltte - iiiuscnvii~ and rmr;riir - chlunir, Arka! (1~191) currrlatrd tlie "ihlor~tc crysiallinii)' indi~rr mr:isurcd on rhc 14-A and 7-A basal rctlccnons with ihc Kuhlcr indcx ar.dlc. met3hasitc ininerul Idcier, LOJI rmh md 011111 ~m~tanmrph~c ~ ~ J e - ~ n d ~ c ~ t t n g characteristics

Iriveiiigat~ons ha\c shown ihat the Kiibler mdeu is mflucnwd by thc mcm size nf cryatal dontiiiis that scatlrr X-rayi ri>hrrrnily (Wehrr rr al , 1970; Dunoyer dr Scgonzac md Bcnioiilli. 1976. Arkai and Toih. 1983, Fherl and Vsldc, 1989, I>rits ei a l , 1997, CI:)

(~qs i~ l l t i c sizc, csprcially al lousr (diageneiic) pader. scema lo h* ,tri,ngly attecrcd b) thc amiiiini ol'di\~clliiig of rntershiilificd cuniponwlr (C g . Lhnl and Veld*. 1489) I.anicc snatn may also iniluence the Kiibler index, although it is a relatively minor contribiition at these

low thcta angles and thr prrcmtagc strain in illite-muscu\ itc crystallites irnds lo bc sniall (.Arkai and liith. 198.3; Arka~ rr n l , 19961 J3hi)sedoff r r i i (20011 ~iiepcstcd tltar thc i n d e ~ is related to the mean number of layers and the variance of the dis&but& of the numbm of layers in the coherent scanering domain, the mean percentage of sinectite layers preseut, the Reichweite (a parameter descnbing layer-stacking order), and i n s m n t a l parameters. Using TEM techniques, Merriman ef al. (1990, 1995) showed that the Kiibler index is largely conholled by the thickness af illite-muscovite crystaliites.

Data Rommapy sources (e.g., Eberl e1 al, 1987, 1990; Merriman e1 al., 1990, 1995; Srodon e1 al., 1992; Arkai e1 al, 1996, 2000; Jiang ef al., 1997; Li et al., 1998; Warr and Nieto, 1998; Essene and Peacor, 1995) suggest that phyilosilicates in diagenetic and very low-grade metamorphic conditions do not reflect thennodynamic equilibria. Coosequently, the Kiibler index and the FWHM values of chlorite, as well as the strnchiral (e.g., mean aystallite sue vaiues) and chemical characterization of these metastable phases, cannot serve as geothermometers. mese oarameters are onlv aualitative indicators of the staees the . . In\esri@atcd phyllo$ilicnas Iiavc rcachcd ihroiigh n serie\ of nietxsiablc minrral rracrions (Ibr:,,.or, 1992. Mcrrinian md I1rau,r, IVYV) Despitc this, the Kuhlrr ~nder is a iiseful indicato1 of diaeenesis and low-temoerahire metaiomhism in different seotectanic resimes.

d ~~

In Pulnmary, "cr!'stallinity", uhich ma) in\ol<e cryst:il< that are thrw- duncnsion31 in nature, csnnot bc dcscribcd by iine-d~mcns~onal diffrxrion dsin as ui thc tale

iif iI!r Kuhlrr mdcu 'Ilitis, tliis iiidrr 1% noi a mie nicnsiire o1 "cq .rall!nity" becaiiie crystxllinny 1s roniplcu and C3MOt nrcrhsarily he rcprcscnted by s singlc datuin In fari, de\.ianons from pcrfeci smicture hsvc spccitic diffrictliin eftccts tliat nmy not hr measiirablc by documentinpvariations of width of a sinele oeak far examole. effectsinvolvine dBnse - . scattering behueen peaks.

Recommendations (1) It is the recommendation of this committee that the term "crystailinity index"

should not be used However, it is appropriate lo refa to a "Hinckley index" or "Kiibler index", aiìer those authars initially describing these parameters, or the "Arkai index" for calibrated FWHM values ofchlorite, afler Uie researcher (DI. Peter Arkai, Hungarian Academy of Sciences) who extensively described the importante of this parameter. In this way, the tenn "crystallinity" is disc~ninated fiom paraineters that may not describe al1 aspects of crystdinity. However, vast amounts of data exist based on "cwstaUiniN' or "crystallinily indices" and reference to earlier work may be awkward without the u;e of these tenns. Thus, the limited use of the term "crystaiiiniy' may be nsed within quotation marks, only if the use of this term is unavoidable.

(2) Because there is a continuum between phases that are amorphous and crystalline, clarifying the use af the term "amorphous" is important. The temi "amorphous" must be accompanied by a description of the diffraction effects or other propertieS that suggest the phase is, in fact, "amorphous". In addition, a description of the sample-preparation techniques and experimentai conditions must be reoorted.

After the appropriate descriptions as discusied above are given, adjectival modifiers may he appropriate lo desmibe amorphous, such as "near amorphous", because this may be a better way to desigoate or desmibe the ohase. It is ao~rooriate also to refer to "X-rav .. . amorphous" to describe the amorphous.state as detemined by X-ray diffraction technipes, or by anaiogy, "electron amorphous" ifdetermined by electron difiraction.

References h k a i , P. (1991) Chlorite nvstallinitv: an emoirical anoroach and cmelation with illite . .

a'&tailinity, coal r& and minerai faciies as exemplified by Palaeazoic and Mesozoic rocks of northeast Hungary Journal of Me(amorphic Geologi~, 9, 723-734.

hka i , P., Meniman, R.J., Roberts, B., Peacor, D.R. and Tbth, M. (1996) Crystallinity, nystallite size and lattice shain of illite-muscovite and chlorite: compaIison of XRD and TEM data for diagenetic and epiwnal pelites. Eitropean Joun~alof~ineralogv,fMineralo, 8, 1119-1137.

Arkat. P , Sassi F P , and Sa\,,, R (1995) Simultancous ineasurrments of chlontc and 11111e cg~tnlliniiy a more rclinblc geothcnnomeuic tawil for moniioring low- iii \rry low- aade rnetamomhisms in metaoelites A case siudv 6om the Southern Mps W Italy). " Eiiropean J~on ta l ofMineralogy, 7, 1115-1128.

kka i , P. and Tbth, N.M. (1983) Ulite crystaiiinity: combined effects of domain size and lattice distortion. Acfa Geoloeica Hunearica. 26.341-358. .. . .

Bmdlcy, UW (IY8Uj Order-d~surdsr In clay mineral simcnue,. In ('qsrnl.Y~r~icrlok~.i of <'I',,, f t ,ar«lr un,/ rhri, .Y-rtn l<k>n,fi<orio», G.W. Rnndle" and Ci Uro~m eds ~ o i d o n , 495 p.

Drits, V.A., Sahkarov, B.A., Saiyn, A.L., and Manceau, A. (1993) Strutturai model for ferrihvdrite. Clav Minerals, 28, 185-207.

Dnts, V A , . roh , J , and I:brrl, L) U (1997) XRD nieasurrments ofnic3n crystallitz thickncij ot~llitr and ~llitr/smeciite rerippraisnl ol'the Kubler indei and thc Scherrcr equation. Clays m d Clay Minerals, 45:-461-475.

Dunoyer de Segonzac, G. (1969) Les minéraux argileux dans la diagenèse - passage au métamorphisme. Mémolres du Servvice de la Carie Géologique dxlsace e2 de Lor.~aine, 29, 321p.

Dunoyer de Segonzac, G., and Bemoulli, D. (1976) Diagenese et métamorphisme des argiles dans le Rhétien Sud-ahin et Austro-aioin CLombardie et Grisons). Bullelin Soclelé Géologique de la ~ r a A e , 18, 1283-1293. '

Eberl. D.D.. Lrodo I. J.. Kralik. M.. Tavlor. B.E.. and Peterman, Z.E. (1990) Ostwald .. . . . . . . . . r ipekg of clays and metamorphic minerais. Science, 248,474-477.

Eberl, D.D., Lrodo 1 , J., Lee, M., Nadeau, P.H., andNorthrop, H.R. (1987) Sericite 6om the Silverton caldera, Colorado: correlation among stmcture, cornposition, origin, and aarticle thickness. American Mi~reralozist, 72,914-934.

Eberl, D D rind Velile, R. (1989) Reyund th r~uhlc r index ('l?, Atrncrah. 24, 571-577 I:c\ene, L J and ll<acnr, U K i 1995) Clay ininmal thennometry - a cntic3l perspcctlve.

Clms and Clav ~ inera i s . 43.540-553 Flehmig, W. (1973) iristallinitiit und ~nfrarots~ektrosko~ie naturlicher dioktaedischer mite.

Nette8 Jahrbuch firer. Mineralopie, Monalschefie, 351-361. Frcy. M. (1987) Very lon-#ade melarnorphism of clastic sedunrnlary ru~k* /n low

Tcnipersmrc Mctainorphisin (ed h1 Frey) Iilackie and Son Ltd, tilasguw, pp 9-58 Hincklev. D~N. 119631 ~ariabilitv in "mtallinitv" values amone the kaolin dmosits of the . .

;oastal plam o1 Gcorgia ind ~ o u i h Caroltna < Iri i r ~eidi l rr i ~6,io<ih,' l l , 229-235 Jabovedott. hl . Hiicsv. f. . Kiihlcr, R. andThelan, Ph (2001) Illitc 'Crystalliniiy" Rev~\iied . .

Clays i n d C/& &errils, 49, 156-167. Jiang, W,-T., Peacor, D.R., Arkai, P,, Toth, M., andKim, J.-W. (1997) TEM and XRD

determination of crvstallite size and lattice strain as a function of illite cnstallinitv in pelitic rocks. Jounral ojMe2amorphic Geology, 15,267-281.

Kisch, H.J. (1983) Mineralopv and wtrelogy of burial diagenesis (burial metamorphism) and incioient ~"etainomh~m in ilastic ricks. In: Diae&esis of Sedhents and ~ e & e n t ~ ~ o c & , 2 (eds G. Larsen and G.V. ehilingar), pp. 289-493. Elsevier, Ainsterdam.

Kisch. H.J. (1987) Correlation between indicators ofverv low-sade metamomhism. In: Low

Kisch, H.J. (1991) iilite crystaiiinity: recommendations on sample preparation, X-ray dif&action senings and interlaboratory standards. Joi<rnal of Metamorphic Geologv, 9, 665-670. ~~~ ~ ~

Kubler, R. (1964) Les argiles, indicateurs de métamorphisme. Revtie de I'Instint; Franeaise duPelrole, 19, 1093-1112.

Kubler, R. (1967,) La cristallinité de I'illite et les mncs tout i fait supécieures du métamorphisme. In Etages Tectoniques. Collogue de Neuchitel 1996, 105-121. Kubler, B. (1984) Les indicatews des tmsformations physiques et chimiques dans la

diagenèse, température et calorimétrie. In: Tltermornétrie et barométie géologiques (ed. Lagache, M.). Societe Francaise Minéralogie e2 de Crislallographie, Paris, pp. 489-596 ~~ ~~~

Li, G., Peacor, D.R., Buseck, andP.R., hkai , P. (1998) Modification of illite-muscovite crystailite size dishibutions by sample preparation for powder XRD analysis. Canadian Mineralogist, 36, 1435-1451

Merriman, R.I. and Peacor, D.R. (1999) Very low-grade metapelites: mineraiogy, microfabrics and measuring reaction progress. In: Low-Grade Metamorphism (eds. Frey, M. & Robinson, D), pp. 10-60. Blackweii Science, Oxford.

Merriman, RJ., Roberts, R. andpeacw, D.R. (1990) A transmission elcclron microscooe siudv . . of whitc inics q ia l l i i c si/e dicmhutiun in a mudctonc to slriit. nansirional scqiience Nonli HaI:i, IJ K l 'oinr,h,ir,ri»r I O .If!»eriilo,m <in<ll'.,sr~l~,,qi. 106, 27--10

hlmmm, R J , Kobms, 0 . l'rauir. I ) R and H~rms. S I < (1905) Sirain-rclatcd ditTmencct !n ihe q s t a l grotvlh of \ihitc mica and chli~riie s TF3I md XKU .;iudy ot'tlie devrliipmeni of mctwliic microfnhncs in ihc Sotitheni (Jplandc thrurt imanc.

.. Pcacor. il K (1992) I)iagenrr~i and low-gradc iiieiami~rpliiam of shalcs and .;late. In.

Minerals nnd Kcaction, a1 thc Aioniic Scale 'Tr:insniission Electron \Iiarusconv led ., , P.R. Buseck), Mineralogica1 Society of America. Reviews in Mineralogy, 27, 335- 380.

Plancon, A. and Zacharie, C. (1990) An expert system for the stmctural characterization of kaolinites. Clay Mrnerals, 25, 249-260.

Lrodo 1. J., Elsass, F., McHardy, W J., and Morgan, D.J. (1992) Chemishyof illite-smectite iofcrred 6om TEM measurements of fundamental particles. Clay Minerals, 27, 137- 158.

Wm, L.N., and Rice, A.H.N. (1994) Interlahoratory standardization and caiibration of clay minerai crystaliinity and crystallite sue data. Jottrnal ofMetaniorphic Geologli 12, 141-152.

Warr, L.N. and Nieto, F. (1998) CrystaUite thickness and defect density of phyiiosilicates in low-tewerature metamomhic oelites: a TEM and XRD siudv of clav mineral crystalli&ty-index standards. &odian Mlneralogisl, 36, 1453-1474.

Watanabe, T. (1988) Tlte smiciurai mode1 af illitelsmectite interstratified minerds and the diagam for its identiiication. C1a.y Science, 7, 97-1 14.

Weaver, E.W. (1960) Possihle uses of clay minerals in search for od. Brtllelln of lhe

, . American Associalion ofPetialeum Geologir;, 44, 1505-3518. Weber, F., Dunoyer de Segonzac, G., and Ecnnomou, C. (1976) Une nouveiie expression de

la 'crystaliinité'de i'iilite et des micas. Notion d'epaisseur des cristallites. Conzpte Rendu Somnzalre de Seances de la Socielé Géologiqzie de France, 5, 225-227.

Weber, K. (1972) Notes on the determination of illite crystallinity Nertes Jahrbt,chfi<er Mineraloeie. Monatschefie. 267-276. . .

Tciiipcrature hlctainorphisin (ed. M Frey), pp 257-30c Blackic and ~ o n , Glasgow ffisch. Il I . i 1990) Cnlihration of thc anch~zone. a cnhral ~nmparison of illite crysialliniry'

scaies used for defmition. Joumal of Melamorphic ~ e o l o g v , 8 , 3 1-46.

14

5. NATIONAL. AND REGIONAL. CLAY GROUPS

The Interlayer

Newsletter of the Australian Clay Minerals Socieiy Incorporated

May 2001

From the President

What is the future of our science and of our Society? In a word, "bleak". Bui in 5 wotdn: "bleak unlers we do something"

For the science t0 thtive. i l needs a piace in the Science cumwlum at wr Tertjary institutions. T0 get, or hold a place,

there needs t0 be recognition of the imporiance of day t0 our life and life-me, and the ~tudentr are the anes that need

lo be convinced. As I Wite this, I have juit been toid of one univenity where rerearch and knowledge are now regarded

a$. from a pragmatic perspdve, unimportant. It 1s the undergrsduate wurses with high enrolmenta that survive, for these

hind univerritier.

We meet biennially as a graup of University, Govemment and Industry scientists. For three days we entertain mrselves

and are recharged with me excitemem of day research, butwe wont change the world, not even a bit unlesswe become

more autward looking. Ten or sa yearr ago we had rneetings of 80 w more. The lasttwo meetings had trouble reaching 40.

One thing we can try is t0 widen me s w p of me Saciety. The exiractive minerals industry has a significant work-force,

many with expetience in clays. lhdusttial chemists work with days as raw materials fmm which lo develop new products.

We know, through the many soil Kientistr in Me Society, how important days are in agticulture, yel few from this arena

join the smiew

iwould like you t0 thinkabout changing the Societyto make a moreuseful and interestingtothiswider wnstituency.

i am told that mere is a move to initiate or revitalire an Australian Industriai Minerals Snciety. l think il is possible that

we wuld join with those so minded, enlarging our group. pehapr to forni the Australian Clay and industrial Minerals

Socieiy (ACIMS?, AClalMS?): or maybe "Mineals lndusttial and Clays Australia " (MICA!).

So expanded, we would be part of a group that has some visible impact on society, and so some hope of being rewgnised

a5 a science lo be included in mainstream Tertiary education.

Recogni t ion

Congratulations to Kelth Nonish. recipient of the Clay Minerals Saciety (USA) Bailey Distinguished Member Award

for 2001. This highest Award of Me Society recognizei Keith's huge impact on day mineralogy. and the importante

of his insights lo the advancement of day science.

Next Conference - Canberra, ACT, Apri12002

me nexi ACMS wnference will be in Canberra, from Monday Aprii 29 to Wednesday May 1 2002. The district

has numerous day deporits,and the area poviden opportunities t0 examine bath the days of the local soils,

and the effect they have on me local produce Travelling schalarships will avallable to sludents presenting papra.

Pianning is in the eariy stages. Suggestions for thematic rerrions so far include:

Envimnmental management of day soib of the Mudgee regioni

The ciay minerai (and associaled mat~ials) exiraaive industry.

More idear would be welcomed

Register your lnterest: Please Mntact the ACMS Secretary:

Dr Ridlard Greene Depsfiment of Geography Schooi of Resouice and Envimnmentai Science and Management Australian Natianal Universiby Canberra, ACT0200

The Society Tne Sooety was ncorporated I ntneACTI shoilly before !ne ICC n 1993 Sincethen the Ibsapplyng to Incorpora! on haue ChangPo and oLr rLiient R-les are no1 in accordante m n tnose changes Rchara G<eene ano I nave rnodifieo ihe Rdles t w n ~ lo mainta n ar mdcn as W ca.io af tne s ~ n t of !ne o10 RL en whi e conformino !a tne leoal reoi. cementi - ~ ~.~ ~ ~ ~- tor inwrporitiG.

: The new Rules are on the Smiety website (wwwclaysorg.au1. Members are asked t0 Iook at these. and comment ifthey ra wish t0 Richard or t0 me. If change is suggeated by the comments, we will modifythe Rdes and re-post. There will be an Annua1 Genera1 Meeting of the Society in Canberra in June at which the new rules will be presented for approva1 (or rejection).

Tony Egglaon Aptil2001

The major activities on clays in 2001 were the foliowing:

(a) 94 papers on clays were presented during the 45* Congress of the Brazilian Ceramic Society in the city of Florianopolis, May 30 to June 02.

@) 15 participants of the 12' intemational Clay Conferente and 3" Intemational Symposiumn on Activated Clays presents 27 papers on Brazilian clays.

(C) Professor Milton L.L. Fonnoso, from Porto Alegre, organized 60m December 5 to 7, the 1" Intemational workshop on clays.

(d) The program was: An introduction to esmectite mineralogy (A. Meunier - Franca) The fundamentals of X-ray diffractian (B. Lanson - Franca) Ocninences of Bentonites in South America (M.L.L. Formoso - Brasil) Ocnirrences of bentonites in Argentina (R. Andreis & P. Zalba - Argentina) Interpretation techniques far X-ray diffraction patiems of clay minerals: decompositian and fit calculation p. Lanson - Franca) X-ray panems of caZ+, K', caZt +p saturated smectite clays (L. Calarge - Brasil) Reactiviiy of bentonites in high pH solutions: experiments on bentonites 6om Febex, Spain (S. Ramires - Espanha) Clays in basic solutions (A. Bauer - ~ushia) . The qualiiication of coexisting halioysite and kaolinite with SIROQUANT~. A new approach in the characterzation of kaolins (M.T.G. Oliveira - Brasil) Some considerations about the geochronology of bentonites (A.M.P. Mimsaki - Brasil Chlantization iirocess in ceothemal systems (D. Beaufort - Franca). Clays and oil &.C. dos L j o s - ~ r a s i l j Clay mineral fonnation in post-magmatic-hidrothermal events in Mesozoic basalts (M.E.B. Gomes - Brasil) Poorly crystalline pbases as precursors of halloysitekaolinite fonnation (N.Dani - Brasil)

Prof DI. Pérsio de Souza Santos Prof. Dr. Antonio Cxlos Vieira Coelho President - Brazilian Clay Graup Vice-President - Brazilian Clay Group

CLAY MiNERALS SOCIETY (NORTH AMERiCA)

Clay Minerals Society (North America)

The Clay Minerals Society's 3gth Annual Meetiog was held an the Madison Campus of the University of Wisconsin on 16-20 June 2001. The theme of the meeting was 'The Architechire of Clays: Fonn Meets Function". The meeting was hosted by the D e p m e n t of Soil Science, and it was organized by DI. William F. Bleam. The George W. Brindley Lecture was presented hy DI. Robe; Scboonheydt, KU. Leuven, Belgium, and entitled 'Hybrid functional n a n o f h on the basis of smectites". Dr. Cliff T. Johnston, Purdue Universiiy, received the Jackson Mid-Career Clay Science Awxd and presented a lecture entitled 'The stnicture of the ordinary". The Bailey Awxd for distinguished research was presented to DI. Keith Nomisb, C. S. I. R. O., Adelaide, Australia, who was unable to atiend

the d e n e n c e far health reasons, but presented a delightiùl talk via videotape on his early experiences in clay sciences and on settuig up his laboratory in Australia. DI. Don Scafe gave the Pioneer in Clay Science Lecture.

There were a total of 80 papers, including 20 posters. Sessions included the following areas:

General sessions: I. Chemistry (7 papers) 11. Geology (7 papers)

t Symposia: biomineralization (9 papers) enviranmental mineralogy and surface chemistry (7 papers) shale and low-grade inetamorphic petrology (7 papers) clay science-visions 6om industry (6 papers) mineralogy of Quatemaq deposits and paleosols (5 papers) monhnorillonites in geoenvironmental engineenng ( l2 pripers)

Posters: I. (20 papers)

The field hip, whicb was on the Sunday before the meeting, was entitled: Qiiatemary deposits and landfonns of centra1 Wisconsin. The pre-meeting workshop was an "Degrndation of organic contaminants at clay mUieral and related surfaces". The annua1 meeting was held at the Monona Terrace, a conferente and meeting biiilding that was desigued by fmous architect, Frank Lloyd Wnght. A social field hip was manged to visit the Frank Lloyd Wright architechiral shidios at TeUesin.

Figure 1&2 . H.H. Murray and R.L. Hay -C. Johnston presenting the Jaekson Award lecture

Figure : 3. Past-president D. Sehuhe passing the gavel on to the oew present, B.F. Jones

($2,466 for "Investigation of interlayer akylsmectite complexes"). Travel grants were awarded to: K. Dontsova, Purdue University, J. LeGolvan, University of Georgia, and C. Swearingen, Loyola University. Best PaperlPoster Awards were made to L. Eversull, Millsaps College, "Mineralogy of tbe Twiggs Clay Fomation near Wrens, Geargia" and M. Bnunbach, Alfred, N.Y., "Adsorption of PAA on the Alumina Basal Surface of Kaolinite", respectively. Runner-ups were C. Sweaingen, Loyola University (Paper) and J. Brownson, University of Wisconsin-Madisan (Poster).

The next annua1 meeting will be held at the University of Colorado at Boulder on June 8-13, 2002. The workshop is being organized by A Rule and S. Guggenheim and is entitled: "Teaching Clay Science" and v i i l cover teaching strategies, technology shategies, assessment, and clay science experiments. ?le workshop w i U be on lune 8. The field hip will be led by Dan Kile and is entitled: "Clays and the Front Range". Dr. K a t b Nagy is the genera1 chair. hquiries may be addressed to DI. Kathryn Nagy, Dept. of geologica1 sciences, University of Colorado, Boiilder, Colorado 80309, U.S.A., phone: 303-492-6187, F A , : 303- 492-2602, e-mail: kathryn.nagy@colorado.edu and or visit the CMS home page at hnp:/lcms.lanl.govi.

S. Guggenheim

Figure 4. R. Ferrell and C. Olson CZECH NATIONAL CLAY GROW

The following studmt awards were givm: Research Grants were made to l. Moreau, , . Univeristy of Wisconsin-Madison ($1,250 for "Metal sequeshation in biogenic The Czech National Clay Group organized iwo seminars in tbe year 2001. Bath of them took nanocrystalline sulfides during graundwater remediation"), D. Jonuik, University of Alaska place in Prague at the Czech Geologica1 Survey, Klarov 3.The frst (spring) meeting was held Fairbanks, ($2430 for "Geoarchaeology of pottery and clay samples at Kukulik, Saint on June 6. Lainence Island"), J. Brownson, University of Wisconsin-Madison ($1,350 f o ~ "Pbthalic acid and silica in aqueous aluminum systeins as effective factors in polymeric aluminum inhibition and law temperature clay mineralization"), J. Arroyo, Michigan State University ($2,500 for 'Relative roles and mechanistic function of soil clays and organic matter as sorbent phases for pesticide retention"), and R. Sutton, University of Califomia-Berkeley

Two lechues were presented:Oevèik J., Hron M.: Evaluation of chosen clay raw materials of 1ordan.and Konta J.: Clay swelling. At the seminar Dr. K. Meka was awarded the honorary membership of the Czech National Clay Group. The second (autuinn) meeting took place on Novmber 29. Foor lectures were on program:

Givear T.: Characteristics of iron oxides bv means of the methods of visible spectroscopy ~ ~

and~lectrochemistry (volt-etry). Hradil D,, Hradilova I., Hmbièkovi B.: Clay ininerals in pigments of medieval and baroque naintines. I\i>\,ik J K Aryillolog) m 21" mcetmg oF the Spain Mincralog~cal Socici)' Xlelka K . Mid-Luropcan Clay Confercnce in Siari Lesni (Slo\akia) l'\velve rcsearilters from ihc C~cch Repuhlnc panicipnicd in hlad-liuropran Clav Confprencr held ,n Htgh Tstr.~. iSluvAia) diirrog Scptcmber 9-14 I'rusccdings of the XVIih Couicrcnic on <'la" Mlneraliiw and I'rtrolocv Warlovv Vani). iirwnired b, thc C7cch National Clsy -. -. . . . . ~ . Group, are prepmd for distribution.

80 years of Professor J. Konta

This year, Professor Jki Konta is reaching a prominent life jubilee. His age, however, did by no way reduce his high working productivity and enomous diligente. 0-g to his wide insight into the chosen specialization he is providing invaluahle consultations in the area of clay shidies and sedimentary petrology He is the "founding father of clay science" in the Czech Republic, founder af the National Conferences an Clay Mineralogy and Petrology and co-founder of the Czech National Clay Group. He did always his best in keeping good contacts with foreign mstihitions covering similar research topics, even in periods when these communications were generally rather infrequent. Jiri Kanta was bom on Febmary 15, 1922 in a smal! town of Zleby near Kutna Hora, not far from Prague. AAer tinishing the secondary school, he was transferred to Gemany as a labourer in 1942 and then ~laced in the concentration camp at Mauthausen among political prt,oners in 1943 Aftrr thè war ended, hc rcnirncd home &d dccidcd io srudy g&loyy and clic~iiistry at Cliarles Unlicrsny, Fdculiy uf Scicncc in Prague In 1918, hc ohta~ncd hir I l r dcgrce and Intrr on he loiil. up a work in tlie I>rpanment iif I'enography ot'lhe I"siuli). Ilc wai aooointed an assistant orofessor of sedhentani oetrolow in 1952 and became lidi profes& in 1961. Professor onta earned his PhD de&e in 1954 and DSc degee in 1961. Professional career at the Charles University, Faculty of Science, crystdized into the followine directions: research activitv. oublicatiou activitv and teachinp, deliverine leclwes .. . -~ . and practical excercises, especidy in the research methodology, field excursions, seininars and coachine. maduates. in the veriod of 1975 to 1986, Professor Konta was at the position of the head i f ihe Department i f ~etrology. In 1959-1961 he was the dean of the Faculty of Science ofcharles University Professor Konta undertook dozens of research kips abroad. in 1965-1966, he acted as a visiting professar at the Pennsylvania State University, USA, Deparhnent of Geochemistry and Mineralogy. in 1971, he organized one-tenn postgraduate programme at the University in Skopje, Yugoslavia. In 1982-1990, he participated -upon the invitation of the University of Hamburg -in the intemationa! project "World River Systm". Professor Konta is the author of more than 200 papers. He also authored or co-authored nine books. Most of his original papers are focused on arpiuaceous sediments and residua1 rocks. Shultanenusly, he puhlished the resnlts af projects directed at the induskial problem using petrographic methods. Some contributions focused on tasks of tlie cement industry and especially on properties of ceramic and glass raw materials. Professor Jiri Konta is a senior mmber of APEA and was at the position of the president of this association in 1985-1989. Under his iniciative, the Czech National Clay Group was established, by

now, 16 National Conferences on Clay Mineralogy and Petrology were organized and a Proceedings - volume was edited from each meeting. In the 5th Euroclay meeting held in Prague in 1983 under the ,,", auspices oiECGA, he wac holding the position of flie president of this conferente. From 1988, J. Konta is the Professor Emeritus of Charles University. He collabmated with industrial companies in the Czech Repnhlic and abroad (ceramic aod glass raw materials) in 1989-2001 and participated in environmental projects (weathering of stones in historical monuments). He acts as a reviewer or a member of editorial boards of severa! scientific joumals and News Letters in the Czech Republic and abroad. I surely did not succeed in comprehending aU the activities of the juhilant, who acted on

l behalf of the science being also a matter of our interest. For the next years, we are wishing Professar Konta the menta1 freshness he emanates into his ambience to persist. May he enjoy good healtli and the proper appreciation of his scientific activity, to which he dedicated his whole life. And as he is siill active, we are wishing him new success and satisfying feelings ofhis usefùl work.

Karel Melka Karel Melka (E-maii : melka@gli.cas.cz

Paoers on clav mineralow were oresented in 2001 on the sessions and meetines af the Clav -~ ~ -~~

~ k e r a l o g y ~ection andpartly i f the Mineralogy and Geocheinistry Section of HungariA Geologica1 Sociehi and in the Sail Miaeralow Section of Hunearian Soil Science Societv. .. - . . held n;nnally in ~ u d a ~ e s t :

The session was devoted to Liassic ~olcariism in the Trar~sdanubian range and ifs relatron io the manganese mineralisation a1 UvAut and other localrties, preseuted bv M PoleBn. Z. - . Szabo &d M. Szabb-Dmbina. Celadonite and accompanying &terals in thé manganese ores were dismsed by T. Weiszburg, E. Tbth, T. Nagy, J. Mizak, Zs. Vsrga and Gy. Lovas. in the meeting a new book on this topics was presented, which contains many data on clay minerals related to the mineralisation: Polgari, M., Szabo, Z., Szederkényi, T. 2000: Manganese ores in Htrngary - Puhlished by Regional Committee of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, p. 652. The book is witten Hungarian nith English captions and summary, available at Lavenda

, . Ltd., Pocsmegyer-Suriny, Sze@ n. 25., H-2017, Hungary Fax No.: 36-26-396-115. Mnv l7 - -- , - .

: Dodony, I.: Crystal simctwe of antigorite. May 29 The session was devoted to new results in the shidy of Carbon$eferoim clastic sed i~nentv rack in rhe w<rrounding of Mecsek Mls Papers dealing with investigatians on clay minerals werepresented by Gy. Szahany, B. Raucsik and A. Vaga.

June 14 A one-day meeting was held on the Role o j c l q rninerals in soil science and environriiental geochen8isiry The meeting was jointly organised with the Commission on Envkomental Geochemisby of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. The foUowing lecmes were held: Stefanovits, P.: Therole of clay minerals in adsorptionpraperties of soils. M. Nagy, N,, Somogqviri, A,, Simon, A., Kbnya, J.: Modes of fuation of cations on montmoriUonites. Neincth. l', Mohai, I .'loth, M. Copper and ~ i n c adrtirptiou on smeiiitci Iòmbacr, E. Aweealion of clay nilncrals and irti" o d e panlclcs in suipemiuns of variable pH, salt and hn&s contents. Sipos, P., Németh, T., Poka, T.: The effect of clay minerals an the reparlition of heavy minerals in sails of Cserhat Mts. HartyAni, Zs., Szilagyi, V., Nemecz, E.: X-ray analysis of polluted soils and soil clay minerals. Expenences in the Veszprém University Szilagyi, V., HartyAni, Zs., Tbth, G.: Investigation of polluted soils by X-ray analytical methods. Homath, T., Hartyhi, Zs., SzilAgyi, V.: Geochemical study of various spical soils of H w w . Kitley, G., Abonyi-Toth, Zs.: Role of soil clay ininerals and accompanying minerals in the fnation of V and Ni as studied by the application of fuzzy se1 theory Toth, E., Weiszburg, T.: Alteration of asbestos products hy enviromental effects. VicziAn, I.: The Vnportance of clay minerals in environmental protection. September 17 Viczih, L: History of mineralogical investigations on the FiizérradvAny illite (saraspatite), 1937-2000. (Jointly organised with the Section of History of Science.) October 1 -~~~~~ ~~

A one-day meeting was held by the Soil Science Sociely on Recent Hitngarian results in soil miciomomholom. Lechues on Hungarian Recent. Quatemary and Tnassic soils as weU as on . Nigenan soils were held by G. ~zendrei, K. ~ o b o , E ~ o m a t h , Z. Homath, A. Mindszenty, B. Varga and F. Deak. November 13 A festive session was held on the occasion of the inaugisalion of the neiv building ojFaculfy of Sciences, Eotvos Universitv, Budapesi. The future sessions of the Clay Mineralogy and keralogy-Geochemisby ~eckons v& be held in this new building, address: P i m n G ~ é t e r séthy Ilc, Budapest, H-1117. On the session professar E. Nemecz taked on bis new results in the shldy of rock weathering 2nd soil mineralagy.

The next Mid-European Clay Conference (MECC) wiU be held in Hungary, 2004. Site and exact date wiii be decided later. The fust amouncement is plamed Io be distributed in 2002.

GRUPPO ITALIANO MPEA

Several Italian clay scientists attended the 12th Intemational Clay Conference held in Bahia Blanca. Areentina on Julv 29-Aurmst 4. 2001. Thev mesented . - - . . . very interesting papers dealing with a great variely of clay problems. DI. Luigi Marinoni, who attended the 12th Intemational Clay Canference presenling a poster, was the recipient of the 2001 Luigi DeU'Anna award (l000 euros),

sponsored by the Italian APEA Group to promote the partecipation of young Italian clay researchers to Int-tional and European Clay Conferences. In 2001 the Gruppo Italiano AiPEA has sponsored an award ("Tesi di Laurea") fm maduated students involved m studies in clav science. Dr Costanza

~ ~~

I'ellarolo uas thc recipieni uf this liward rccciving a Srsnt of 260 ciiros During the Meeting of thc mcmben of the Cmippn Italiano AII'I(A hrld in Roloi?iin Inii ~ovember~invited lectures were givei by Drs Luigi Marinoni and costanza Peliarolo, the recipients of 2001 AiPEA awards. Furth-ore, prof Ciriaco

$ Giampaalo presented a lecme on Quantitative X-ray Dfiaction Aoalysis.

A special Session "Clavs and Clav Minerals" s~onsored bv Gmooo Italiano ~ E A during the ~at ional ~ongre& of the ltaliin Society i f ~irkralogy and Petrology (SMP) was held in Chieti in Settembre, 2001. Many clay scientists presented oral and poster papen.

The organizing Committee of the next EUROCLAY 2003 (Chau Prof Franca Brigani), which will be held in Modena (Italy) in June 2003, has worked on the scientiiic program of the Conference. n i e program will include eighteen current sessions, posters displays, f m wmkshops, field excunions and social activities. The topics of sessions and workshops are reported below.

Sessions 1. Crystal chemistry, stmcture and inicrostmcture of clay minerals and mica 2. Stmcture. microstmcture and eenesis of interstratified clavs 3. Surface properties, modificatiin and catalysis 4. Redox processes in clays: geochemical and microbial barriers 5. ~eranu is and modem aspects of industnal applications 6. Clay deposition environments, sedunentology and diagenesis; geology and peomomholow - . -. 7. Clays in volcanic environments 8. Namal zeolites: properlies and applications - -

9. New research techn&ues 10. Clays and soil 11. Clays and the ecosystem; removal ofinetals and toxic substances 12. Clays and health 13. Teaching clay mineralogy 14. Clays and cultural heritagc 15. CoUoids, oxides, hydroxides, layered double hydroxides md anionic clays 16. Soil mechanics and civil engineering 17. Evolution of clay minerals in the low-grade metamorphism of sedimentary sequence within orogenic belts 18. The clay-biology interface

C '

Workshops 1. Microscopic techniques in clay science 2. Quantitative X-ray diffcaction analysis 3. Innovation in indusirial clay application 4. Rapid prototyping in ceramic application

More information are available on the website:

Hokkaido Universiiy. "Research and Developments in Clay-Organic Nano-composite Materials" by Dr.

The foiiowing committee of the Gmppo Italiano was recently elected for the next 4 years (2002-2006) President: DI. Saveno FIORE potenza) Vice-President: Prof Antonio VIOLANTE (Napoli) Past-President: Prof Luciano TOMADIN Treasurer: DI. Rocco LAVIANO (Ba'i) Secretarv: Dr. Fabio TATEO Potenza) Consigliere: Br Fcrniinùa ~ ' r l t ) ~ E ' ~ ~ ~ ( ~ o d e n a ) Coniigliere. Dr Fleonora BONII:ACIO (Tonno) Consiglieri. I'rof hlana Franca BRIGATTI (Modena) Consigliere Br Clriaco (ilAMI'AOLO (Roma, Consigliere I>r Aldo MIKAIiCLLA (Firenic) Cui~sl~liere I>r (iiaricarlo RAhll'AZLO (Veneria) I.tai,on. Offi~.er I'rof .Anioiiio \'iolante (Uapiiiil

Prof Luciano Tomadin has completed his cammihnent and seince to the Gruppo Italiano AIPEA as presideot. His service to the socieiy i s greatly appreciated. Antonio Violante violante@unina.it

JAF'AN

1. THE CLAY SCIENCE SOCIEN OF JAPAN

1. Commiitee The following oiiicers were elected for the fiscal year 2001 - 2002.

President: Dr. H. Nakazawa. Tohoku Universiiy Vice president: Dr. K. Egashira, Kyusyu University

Dr. A. Yamagishi. Universiiy of Tokyo Secretary: Dr. T. Sakamoto, Okayama Universiiy of Science Treasurer: Dr. K. Okada, Tokyo Institute of Technology Principal editorr: Dr. R. Kitagawa. Hiroshima University (Nendo Kagaku)

Dr. T. Henmi, Ehime Universiiy (Clay Science)

2 The 44th annual meetino -. . ~ . ~ . .~ ~. The 44th annual meeting of the Clay Science Socieiy of Japan was held at Hokkaido Universiiv from 2 to 4. October. 2000. A total of 120 DaPers (56 oral and 64 poster) r i i é presented.' The program also included t& &est Iectures and a svm~osium entitled "Clav-Organic Materials Interactions: Inspection of the . - ~ i i e r a l Origins of Life".

The guest lectures were: "Life in ancient times: History of the Earth and fossils" by Dr. N. Minoura,

Benny K.G. Theng. ~andcare ~esearch. ~ e w ~ e a l a n d

The Svmoosium oresentations were: "~ontrib"tion of ;lay minerals to chemical evolution" by Dr. H. Hashizume, National Institute for Inorganic Materials. "Photoinduced eletrontransfer in clay interlayers" by Dr. H. Usami, Shinshu Unversity. "Chemical modification of clay interlayer with metal complexes and application to catalyiic molecular recognition reactions" by Dr. S. Shimazu, Chiba University. "lnteraction between anionic clavs and organic compounds" by E. Narita. Iwate University.

3. The 45th annual meeting The 45th annual meeting of the Clay Science Society of Japan was held at Toyo Universiiv from 13 to 14. September, 2001. A total of 101 papers (59 oral and 42 poste;) were presented Tne program also included a guest lenures and a memoria1 symposium for tne late Prof Toshlo Sudo entitled "Clay Science in 21st Century -past, present and fut-re - J,mp ano Dream to 21st Century"

The guest lectures was: 'The relationship between the late Prof. Toshio Sudo and the history and future of the Clay Science Society of Japan " by Dr. K. Oinuma, Toyo University.

The presentations for the memorial symposium for the late Prof. Toshio Sudo were: "Past. present and future of the earth scientific researches in deep-sea mud" by Dr. S. Aoki, Toyo Universiiy. "Clay minerals as natura1 resources" by Dr. A. Yamazaki, Waseda Universiiy. "Clay minerals in inorganic materials science" by Dr. H. Yamada, National lnstitute for Materials Science "Clay minerals in physics and chemistry" by Dr. K. Kuroda. Waseda University. "Exploitation of bentonite in 21st centuv' by Dr. H. Komine. Ibaraki

4. Publication Clay Science Society of Japan publishes four issues of Nendo Kagaku (Journal of the Clay Science Society of Japan in Japanese), and two issues of Clay Science every year. In the fiscal year 2000, Vol. 39. Nos. 2. 3, and 4. and Vol. 40, No. 1 for Nendo Kagaku, and Vol. 11. Nos. 1 and 2 for Clay Science were published. In the fiscal year 2001. Vol. 40, No. 2, 3, and 4. and Vol. 41, No.1 for Nendo Kagaku, and Vol. 11, Nos. 3 and 4 for Clay Science were published.

Dr. Hirohisa Yamada. Liaisons Oificer Advanced Materials iaboratory. National Institute for Materials Science e-mail: YAMADA.Hirohisa@niins.go.jp

NORDIC SOCIETY FOR CLAY RESEARCH

The 2001 annua1 meeiine was held m November 22 in Oslo, Norway. On November 19-21 the Deparhnent of ~eolo-m, University of Oslo organized a shtnt-co&se on XRD technigues and interpretatian with special einphasis on clay mineralogy Professar Ray E. Ferrell aousiana State Universitv. Baton Roupe) was responsible for the course that many members . ~

i f the Society attended.

Board ZOOIR002: President: Kristian Lindqvist, Finiand Secretary: Liisa Carlson, Finland ~reasukr: Mamus Jahansson. Sweden Auditors: ~ o d i e ~ Stevens & &l-Mapus Backman, Sweden Deputy: Birgitta Hulthh, Sweden

Represenlafives of member cozrntries: Denmark: Ole Biorslev Nielsen. deontv: Vibeke Emstsen . . tinland Markhii Iehtinm. depiity P y o Kuula-Viisdnm Iceland Hrefna Knsmiannsdunir. dcputy Vigdis Hardwdonir Nonvay: Per Jorgensen, deputy: ~ l e i ~ i a i d s i t Sweden: Sven SnaU, deputy: Marek Tokarz

During the scientifc part of the meeting foiiowing papers were presented:

Jens Jahren &Per Aagaard: The Langoya gypsum landfill and its suitahility to store inorganic wastes

Per J6rgensen: Mineralogica1 and chemical variations due to grain size in marine clays Elen Roaldset: Shuctural anaivsis of Onal CT with TEM Flen Koal<lcri R .&me Olsrn: Smectitc-illire nnct~>rnu~ilon Pcr Jorgen'en: ,\iithigenic mineral fiimalion in acid mine ilrdinage Rn\ F. renell: Usc of niultiinedi~ in thc CIa) Mincnl~gv L.~bor.itriry ~ o h n CaiIum Hetenngton: Studies of a new ~a layer-silicate Ole Bjijrslev Nielsen: Kysing-4: Lithology and minemlogy

On November 23, two more lectures were given by Ray E. Ferrell and a new HRTEM inshument was demonshated to the participants of the annual meeting.

The next annual meeting with scientific program and one orhvo one-day field hips is planned to be held in Copenhagen, Denmark in the first haif of October 2002.

Liisa Carlson http:llwww.geocities.codedo~ningen liisa.carlson@kolumbus.fi

POLAND

Jan Srodon

SOUTH AFRICA

Dr. Dieter Biihmann

28

SPAIN THE XVI SCIENTìFiC MEETING OF TRE SPANISH CLAY SOCIETY

The XVI Scientific Meeting of the Spanish Clay Society (XW Reunion Cientifica de la Sociedad Espaiiala de Arcillas) was organized hy the Spanish Clay Society (SEA) and supparted by the Unive~sity of Jaén, by the Supenor Council of Scientific Investigations and by the Intemationai University of Andalusia. It was held in Baeza (Jaén) fiom 24 to 26 Ortoher 2001 Simultansously a Coursr on "Kaw materiali and methods of pruduction of ceramic materials" w a organared hy the Lniernational IJni\,errary of Andalusia as proposed hy SLA, and 11 war held frum 22 to 26 October 2001 Uotli events wrre conrdinated b" Juw Jimcnez M~llan and Ma José de la Tone Lopez

I hen Cowse waa i~pened on the 22 Octaiher by I L . Pérer Kodriguez iPresident iif SLA), A. Gomez Iluenas tM.i\ar nf Uaileni. S. Cniz Anaclio (D~rcctor nf the 'Antonio V ~ - h ~ , i ~ ; ' . > .. A"vu"-"

& ~ h e of the Intematimal University of Andalusia) A d 1. Jiménez-Millb as Cwrdinator.

The wurse on "Raw Materiais and Methods of Production of Ceramic Materials" presented lechires hy 18 outstanding specialists in ceramic production, 6om Spain and Italv The foiiow&subjects were presented:

- occurence of ceramic raw matetiais in Spain 2nd Italy; methods of their evaluation, - the production of ceramics with special reference to enamels and pigments and t0 the

fuing process as the last production step, - inoovations in the production process, resulting 60113 the experimentation in new

components, - defects in bncks, - the pollution hazard of ceramic indushy, - archeomehic study of ancient ceramics and its giazing.

36 young people fiom vanous parts of Spain participated in this course.

The SEA Scientific Meeting on 'Tew Trends in Clay Study" was opened on 24 Octohcr by the representatives of the organizing units: J.L. Pérez Radripez (President of SEA), L. Parras Guijosa (Rector of the Jaén Universily), A. G6mez Huertas (Mayor of Bailén) and J.J. Millb as Cwrdinartor 117 participants fonned the andience. The program comprised oral and poster presentations wnceming the following subjects:

I. C~ystal chemishy: 12 papers by 25 anthors (5 oral and 7 poster presentations, presided by J.M.Serratosa Mbquez and C.Maqueda Porras, respectively)

New tendencies in inineral physics were discussed by F.Nieto Garcia in the Introductory Lecture, conceming mainly :

(a) the parameta. h. in chlorite and the index of crystallinity (IC) in illite, as geabarometers; the XRD basal spacing and the rrystallite @&=le) thickness were wnsidered as statistica1 estimate.

(b) Spechascopy of the energy loss of elechons 7 (EELS) c m estimate the state of oxidation, the coordination numher, the valency, the bmd angle, the symmehy pasition of the ions and the microanalysis on micrometer scale.

(C) Transformation of particular clays (kaolinite, muscovite, biotite, vermiculite, pyophyllite, chiorite, smectite) due to certain factors was presented.

11. Geology and Genesis: 10 papers by 33 authors (5 oral and 5 posta presentations, presided by M. Ortega Huertas and J.C.Fernandez Caliani, respectively).

In tbe Introductory Lecture F. Martinez Ruiz analysed the event causing the transfmation 6om Cretaceous to Tertiary Age, the clay layer indicating to the extraterreslrial bypothesis. The papers c o n G e d ma& the diagenesis and metbamorphism af sediments in Spain and Pomigal.

IIl. Mineralogy of the Soil : 8 posters by 25 authors, presided by R Delgado Calvo- Flores.

In the Inh.oductarv Lecture M.T. Garcia Gonzilez discussed the soil comoonents and -~ , their vaiation : paragonite (at lower elevations ody), high charge smectite, salty sediments, iron and maneanese oxides in nodules f m e d in sitit, lateritic sediments. The aosters orisented the &mal comoositiou of selected soils 6om Soain and Porhieal and its varialrion due to certain factors.

IV. Ancient ceramics and heritage: 6 papers by 23 authors, presided by C.Gmes (3 oral and 3 posters).

Factors causine the deterioration of ancient ceramic tiles were discussed Carbonates if - present inhibit the f m t i o n of amorphous phase but on recarbonation calcite has a negative iduence. Uthe water vapour cannot escape (impermeable surface layer) it detenorates the properties of the &amic products. ~ecandary minerals may develop, such as smectite, iron hydroxide, calcite and gypsum, leading to the stone pathology.

V Applicationr : 22 papcrs by 78 authurt (h ur3I and 16 postcr prcsrniariiint, prr\idrd hg S Iegur') JiniCncz. B. Fabbri and I: Morillo. respccnvel!.)

In tbe Introductory Lecture E. Ruiz Hihky discussed the role of clays as nahual nanociystals, in the synthesis af nanomaterials of suitable properties. Intercalation in smectite of ethylene polyoxide of electroactive properties is an example of ionic canductors. The following problems were discussed: fdhation rate in kaohite, catalytic properties of smectite ricb in iron, teledetection smidy of induslrial clays, decomposition by microwaves of a pesticide Gindano), supported on sepiolite, properties of Spanish clays and agrosoils.

On the S i t evenine af the Meetine a Conference was held to the hanaur of the late Dr ~~~ ~~~ ~ " ~ - DMC McEwan (1917-2000). His scienti!ic achievements and his extensive howledge of foreim laneuaees were summarized bv M. Rodrimez Gailego and published in a separate bwkiet, rekinding his stay at the "~stacibn ~x~e-knental del Zaidin" in Granada (1954.1957 and 1962-1967).

The day was completed with the General Assembly of the Spanish Clay Society. After oresentation of the vearlv reoort of the activitv of the Socielv it was oroiiosed to nominate as . . . . . Iliiniiraq Memhers or t11c Society w o oiitctanding scientists, I C h. I agsly and I)r (:hamie) Ihe proposiiion wn5 iioaniniously accrpted Alro i1 was proposcd lo ofim the Medsl of'rhc S o i i c ~ io A Alvare7 hoin'l'olsa and lo A Varrla frum Saaadelo lo lhc - agreement of the Society Members. J.L. Pérez Rodriguez presented the book containing

30

papers prepared for the XV Meeting of SEA (Ronda 1999). Another bonk is to be published in the metnory of A. Vicente who was active in clay science and cultura1 heritage for more than 30 years, expiring in 1999.

During the second day a Round Table was held on the European Regulations on the emission of polutants 6om the ceramic industry. It was moderated hy E. Galin Huertos and presented by C. Canales, J.D. Alcazar-Serrano, M. Sousa Marquez, B. Fabbri (Italy) and1. Gonzalez Diez.

On the evening of the second day (25 October) a Conference was presided by M.C. Hermosin Gavino (Member of Andaluzian Govemement), and 1.M Quintana Gonzalez @elegate of CSIC). It was dedicated to the nomination of Dr José Linares Gonzalez as the Honoraty Member of tbe SEA. F.J. Huertas presented the lechue on the 50 years of study in the synthesis of kaolinite and the conhibution of the nominee to this research. His merits in clay research were summarised also by J M Serratosa Mkquez and by J.L. Pérez Rodriguez.

This evening ended with the closing dinner held in the restaurant "Juanito" on the outskirts of Baeza; it is considered to house one of the best Andalusian kitchen in Spain.

It should be mentioned that a monumental visit to the ancient and beautiful town of Baeza was held on the fmt Conference day.

The Sial day (26 October.) was dedicated to the visit to extensive clay mines in the vicinity of Bailén, which is an important centre of ceramic production, both as &tic handicraft and as industnal items.

The Confaence terminated in a very modem brick factory MALPESA: the artistic handicrafi production was started in the years 1930s by the gandfather of the present owna and still it is a family enterprise. The factary is now fully automatic and computerised as its construction was started on the actual piace in 1992 (fust part) and in 1998 (second part). The participants were guided by the omer who also teated them to an excellent Spanish lunch in the fieshly rebuilt manor house "La Esperanza Cubana" on the factory precincts.

RUSSIA AND TFiE ALLIED STATES

In April2001, the 80' anniversaty of Boris B. Zvyagin was celebrated in Moscnw. At a meeting held at IGEM (Jnstitute of Ore Mineralogy, RAS) Professar Zvyagin delivered a lecture titled "The jomey of a physicist in the land of mineralogy". In Seotember 2001. several Russian and Ukrainian clay mineralogists twk part i- Mid- - ~uro iean Clay ~ & a n i c e (MECC'OI) in ~ t a r a ~ e s n i , ~ l o v a k i a International Meeting on mineralogy and crystallogenesis was held in St.Petasburs in

SERBIA

Prof. Dr. Vidojko Jovic Faculty of Mining and Geology Djusina 7, 11000 Belgrade Yugoslavia

THE CLAY MiNJCRALS GROUP (United Kingdom)

CMG Secretaries report for Deeemher 2001 Issne of %SOC. BnUeiin

Group Committee Chairman: D Bah, Secretary S. HiUier, Treasnrer N.J. Elton, Principsl Editor J. M. Adams, Associate Editors C. Breen, L Warr, Memhers: J. Hooper, S. Kemp, C Jeans, D Wray, J Cuadros, N Webb, R.J. Merriman.

Group matters The cammiltee would like ta thank Dick Memiman who steooed do- as Chaiman at the Inct

~ ~~~ - ~~~

AGM for al1 his effoits over the past three years at the h'e'h of the Group, and also Noel Thomas and lain Scotchman who stepped down as committee members. Dick will continue to serve on the committee forme more year in the post of 'Past Chairman'. The Group also extends a warm welcome to three new members who joined the &Ree in October. %e are DI Javier Cuadros of tbe Natura1 History Musenm, Dr Nigel Webb of Volclay Limited, and Dr Lawrence Warr of the Ruprecht-Karls-Universitat, Heidelburg who is co-opted onto the comminee as an Associate Editm of Clay Minerals.

Chairman of CMG steps do- Nearly 3 years of chaking the Clay Minerals Group ended at the Group's AGM held at Huddersfield University on 10" October 2001, when I handed aver to the uew Chairman Derek Bain. One of the aims of the Group over the past 3 years has been ta inprove awareness of the impoiiaoce of clay minerals as gwlogical, envirmental and industrial matenal. This began with a sponsored a lechire tour by Professar Bmce Velde who visited six UK Universitv deoartments in earlv March 1999. Later the Grouo initiated an mual lechire

~~~~~ ~~~~~~~

named after &e eiinent Bntish c6y mineralogist George ~rown: The lecture is given by an intemationally recognised clay mineralogist, and is also oublished as a review oaoer in Clav Minerals. So far &o George~rown leihues bave been'given and another is Scheduled f&

The CMG has continued to successfully arrange meetings on speciiic aspects of clay science, such as basin diagenesis and engineering geology, and also wnvene sessions at conferences on related m a s of zeoscience. These mee&es have been widelv located aronnd the 1JK and

~ ~~~~~~ - Ircland. We ha\c also becn u r l l rrprusentcd at intemational dlay sctence nieetin~s. rurh ar Krakow and A~gentina, and the aiuiual Clay Minnal Suc~cty ~neetinps in thr ( 'SA.

Membership totals aronnd 270, of which 110 members are resident in the U.K and keland. The Group aims to collect as many member's e-mai1 addresses as possible to ailow elechonic infonnation dishihution in the future. Sadly, the past three years bas seen the deatb of three of our founding members, R.H.S.Robertson, RC.Mackenzie and D.A.C.MacEwan.

The only crisis that I bad to face'during my chairmanship was the resignation of Derek Bain, Principal Editor of Clay Minerals for 13 yeats, when he was appointed the Editor-in-Chief of Clays and Clay Miner.aLj. Fominately we found a very able successor in John Adams, wbo has been on the Editorial Board of Ciqv Minerals since 1992. With the 'recycling' af Derek Bain we now have a Chairman with no equal in t e m of bis breath of experiena in the promotion and publication of clay science. I wisb Iiim well. Dick Menhan

Meeting report

Presentation to Peter Komadel fm the George Brown Lechue by Dick M e h a n

The 2001 Clay Minerals Groups Autumn Meeting on 'Tlays: Mineralogy, Interactims with Organics and Indushial Applicatims" was held at the University of Huddersfield on 10' October 2001. The wide subject area was chosen deliberately to promote discussion and wllaboration between researchers in diverse areas, and we were pleased to welwme delegates with a range of academic and indushial interests. The cenhepiece of the meeting was the 2001 George B r o m Memorial Lechire, presented by Dr Peter Komadel of the Institnte of Inoreanic Chemistrv. Slovak Acadeinv of Sciences. Bratislava. Peter's talk on . . chemicaily modked smectites set the tone for conhibuted talks on catalysis, adsorption, surface acidity, paper applications, molecular modelling, fundamental smictural stndies, and the role of clavs in thaumasite fonnation. Tbe aftemoon's fascinatine and lively keynote - lechue on surface-modiiied kaohs was given by the co-organiser of the meeting, Dr Chris Breen of Shefiield Hallam Universi*. We were rileased to welcome a nnmber of research stndents and postdoctoral research k rkers to t& meeting. Three of these, Runjie Mao (Cenhal Lancs), Chris Greenhall (Cambridge) and Jeff Forsyth (Sheff~eld Hallam), gave oral presentations describing their wmk, and desem pariicular mention for the very high quality of their talks. We laok forward to seeing more af them in the fuhue! Rob Brown

FUTURE MEETINGS

niiNERALOGIC.41. SOCIETY \\ISTER MEETING T I t I n G TR.4\SII'ION .k>l>'l ECI'ONICS

CMG- Session - Clay Mineral Transitions: reaetion and fabrie indieators

This session will be held at the Winter Canference in Derby on the aftemoon of Tuesday 8' of January. A keynote talk will be given by Dr Laurence Wan entitled "Clay mineral reactions and fabnc chanees alone active date boundaries". The session is beine convened - " - by Dr R J Memman ( I -mail r mrrnman%'brc as uh) io which expressioni oiinieresi andor absnsct, should bc seiit lurilier deiails on rcgistrntion snd ahsnaci ~nhintccion can he tourid on the meeting webpage at www.minersoc.ordderbv.hhn

Spring ZOO2 Meeting The Spring 2002 meeting of the Group will be heid at Southampton Oceanography Cenire on Thursday the 4' and Friday the 5' af April. The meeting d l be on the theme 'Marine Clays'. This conferente will cover all aspects af clay minerals in the marine envkonment. One session will cover the distribution of clay mineral species in ancient and modem oceans and the factors controhg their dishibutian. A second sessian will he concemed with controls on the fomation of authigenic clay minerals, including those resulting from the reaction of sea-water with volcanic rocks. A third session will cova the applied and environmental aspects of marine clay minerals. Jean Franpois Deconinck (Sédimentologie et Géodpamique, Université de Lille, France) will present a keynote lecture on the 'Palaeoenviro~nental significame of Mesa-Cainomic marine clays: examples from NW Europe and North Atlantic Ocean'.

Anyone interested in contributing to this meeting shouid contact the convenm Trevor Clayton, School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Tel: 02380-592003 (Trevor.Cla~on@,soc.soton.ac.uk).

IMA 2002 The groups a u h m meeting and AGM will be incorporated into iMA 2002. Many of the sessions planned far iMA 2002 will be of direct interest to clay mineralogists. Additiondly, one of the Plenary lectures will be delivered by Jan Srodon on 'Quantitaive mineralogy of sedimentary rocks with emphasis on clays and with applications to K-Ar datiog'. Session 18 on 'Layered mherals and other lamella structures' wiU also include the 3" George Brown lecture to be given by Vidor Drits, of the Geological Institute of the Russian academy of Sciences.

Spring meeting 2003 The spring meeting of the group will most likely take place at the Socie@'s Spriug meeting in Glasgow.

Aotumn meeting 2003 The auhimn meeting of the group is provisiondy planned to take place as the University of Greenwich on the theme 'Trace metals and minerals in forensic and envkonmental science' and wiU be convened by David Wray (Universi@ of Greenwich. E-mail D.Wrav@.ereenwich.ac.uk) & Chris Jeans (Universi@ of Camhndge).

CMG STUDENT BURSARIES T 0 ATTEND MEETINGS The Clay Minerals Group wishes to encourage students at British or Irish Universities to participate in its meetings. As one means of achieving this, the h p is willuig to fund students to present their research at these meetings. Further details can be obtained from the Secretary (S.Hillier63macaulav.ac.uk>.

For further infmation on the activities of the Clay Minerals Group please contact the Secretary, DI. Stephen Hillier, Macaulay Land Use Reseach Institute, Craigiehuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, UK (Te101224 318 611, Fax 01224 311 556, e-mail S.Hillier@miuri.s~.ac.uk).

6. MEETINGS

Second European Workshop on Clay Mineralogy, September 23-26,2002, in lena (Gemany). Infomtion can be found on the following WEB-PAGE: n wu.uni-jrna.drlrliemie/geowisF/Iapun~enlil?Oll?lcl~y2fl02.hin1I Ihe wurkshiip ir urganised by thc IJnivcrsify of Jeua - E.Wh Scicncc Deparimrnl, Forschungszentnun Karlsnihe - Instihite for Nuclear Waste Management and the Deutsche Ton und Tommineralogische Gesellschafi (DTTG).

Andreas Bauer

USA

The Clay Minerals Society 3gth Annual Meeting

June 8-13, 2002 Boulder, Col~yado, USA

Symposia: Clay Membrane Processes

Computntionil and Experimental Chemistry of Nanomaterinls in Aqueous Systems Intemctions of Microbes with Cloy Minerals

Isotopic Tmcing and Dating of Ciay Minerai Processes in Diverse Crustal Environments Minemlogy and Petrology of Mudrocks: Geologicnl ond Industrio1 Applications

Structure, Crystal Chemistry, and Surface Reoctivity of Environmental Minerals

Meeting Chairs Kathryn Nogy 303492-6187 (phone); 303-492-2602 (fax); kathryn.nigy@colorado.edu

~ennir-~berl303-541-3028 (phone); 303-447-2505 (fax); ddeberl@usgs.gov Alrx Blum 303-541-3027 (phone); 303-447-2505 (fax); aeblumOusgs.gov

Department af Geologicnl Sciences, Universily of Colomdo Divisian of Water Resources, V. S. Geologica1 Survey

7. BUSINESS MEETING OR THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF AIPEA

.............................................. .............................. .... --,-m.-w ...................... Business Meeting of the Generai Assemhly of AIPEA

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AIPEA accepts as ~uembers clay scientists, instihitions and companies. Members may join individuaily or through cooperatiug national scientific societies.

Please ful in the attaehed form for joining AIPEA and send it slongwith your dues payment to the Treasurer.

The annua1 membership fees are as follow: (in US dollars)

Affuated societies: 50% reduction per member. Umembers are then automatically AIPEA members.

Individuai member institution/Company Student member

Yow cooperation in observing the foiiowing suggestions in paying your membership fees will be appreciated:

AIPEA membership dues can be paid by using a VISA card system Please state your VISA card number and the expuation date along with authorization for DI. P.M. Huang AIPEA Treasurer, to charge yow AIPEA membership dues to yow VISA card.

l year 7.50 25.00 3.75

1. Pay fees by a) bank money order, payable in US dollars or b) intematimal posta1 money order, payable in US Qliar

2. Pay inembership fees for four-year periods 3. Make check or money order payable to AIPEA and mail to:

4 years 30.0 1000 15.0

Prof DI. A.R. M m t , treasurer APEA Department of Soil Science University of Saskatchewan, , 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada tel: +l-306-966-6823 f a : +l-306-966-6881

9. AIPEA MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION FORM

please print or Qe!

Family name :. ...................................................................................................... Given name: ..........................................................................................................

Amount of due enclosed: $ ........................... for .............. years

10. CUANGE OF .\DDRESS

Date effective: .......................................................................................

Please mail to the AIPEA Treaswer: Prof Dr A.R M e w Department of Soil Science University of Saskatchewan, , 51 Campus Dnve, Saskatcun, SK S7N 5A8, Canada