Title :Air Pollution

Air pollution occurs when gases, dust particles, fumes (or smoke) or odourare introduced into the atmosphere in a way that makes it harmful to humans, animals and plant. This is because the air becomes dirty .

Examples of air pollutants

Carbon Monoxide (CO)Fuel combustion from vehicles and engines.

Ground-level Ozone (O3)Secondary pollutant formed by chemical reaction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and NOx in

the presence of sunlight.

Lead (Pb)Smelters (metal refineries) and other metal industries; combustion of leaded gasoline in piston engine aircraft; waste incinerators (waste burners), and battery manufacturing.

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)Fuel combustion (electric utilities, big industrial boilers, vehicles) and wood

burning.

Particulate Matter (PM)This is formed through chemical reactions, fuel combustion (e.g., burning coal, wood, diesel), industrial processes, farming (plowing, field burning), and unpaved roads or during

road constructions.

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)SO2 come from fuel combustion(especially high-sulfur coal); electric utilities and industrial processes as well as and natural occurances like volcanoes.

Sources of air pollutants• Emissions from industries and manufacturing

activities

There are chimneys erected high into the air, with lots of smoke and fumes coming out of it.

• Household and Farming Chemicals

Crop dusting, fumigating homes, household cleaning products or painting supplies, over the counter insect/pest killers, fertilizer dust emit harmful chemicals into the air and cause pollution.

Cars and heavy duty trucks, trains, shipping vessels and airplanes all burn lots of fossil fuels to work. Emissions from automobile engines contain both primary and secondary pollutants. This is a major cause of pollution, and one that is very difficult to manage. This is because humans rely heavily on vehicles and engines for transporting people, good and services.

•Burning Fossil Fuels

Effects of Air PollutionEffects of air pollution can be on human body , environment and living things .

•Acidification: when an air pollutant, such as sulfuric acid

combines with the water droplets that make up clouds, the water droplets become acidic, forming acid rain. Acid rain also changes the chemistry of the lakes and streams that the rainwater flows into, harming fish and other aquatic life.•Ground-level ozone:Gas Ozone can affect people’s health and can damage vegetation types and some animal life too.

•Particulate matter:Short-term effects

include irritation to the eyes, nose and throat, and upper respiratory infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia. Others include headaches, nausea, and allergic reactions.

Long-term health effectscan include chronic respiratory disease, lung cancer, heart disease, and even damage to the brain, nerves, liver, or kidneys.

Steps to prevent air pollution• Prevention methods can either come from

government (laws)or by individual actions.

•Government (or community) level preventionGovernments have already taken action against air pollution by introducing green energy. Some governments are investing in wind energy and solar energy, as well as other renewable energy, to minimize burning of fossil fuels .

Use energy (light, water, boiler, kettle and fire woods) wisely. things. This will minimize the dependence of producing new things.

Manufacturing industries create a lot of pollution, so if we can re-use things like shopping plastic bags, clothing, paper and bottles, it can help.

Steps to control air pollutionVehicles can’t be stopped plying on the roads just for

the sake of controlling the air pollution. Some of the mainenvironment steps are :• Maintain air pressure in tubes properly• Avoid using adulterated fuel• Never use or apply pressure horn• Use vehicle when very necessary• If convenient rely mostly on public transport

Every Industry usually has a health and environment manager to develop environmental management plan. Steps given below to keep its emissions and effluents up to the prescribed limits:

• Must follow a well designed environment management plan• For all development activities must conduct environmental impact

assessment• Keep machinery and tools in good working condition• If available apply tools of self monitoring and reporting to check pollution• Remain in touch with the concerned environmental regulator to get

familiar with laws and regulations• Avoid following short-cuts to minimize pollution for the time being.

Simple actions you can take to reduce air pollution and to

keep the air cleaner and healthier for everyone to breathe:• Walk, bike, carpool, or take public transit.

• Reduce your heating needs by making your house more energy

efficient .

• Don't burn wood or trash. Instead of burning debris, start a compost pile in your backyard for organic materials.

• Use hand-powered garden tools. Avoid using gasoline or diesel-powered equipment such as lawnmowers and leaf-blowers.

• Reduce, reuse and recycle.

• Avoid idling. Turn off your car’s engine while waiting for someone and try to avoid drive-through lines.

• Garden without pesticides. There are many healthy and safe alternatives to harmful cosmetic pesticides.

• Get involved. Support national and local efforts to clean up the air.

Ways to maintain clean air

Practice to maintain clean air

1. Use Your Appliances Less Often

2. Use Your Car Less Often

3. We can grow more trees.

4. Higher chimneys helps the emission to be released higher up in the atmosphere.

5. Mining places should have more trees grown .

6. Industries should be away from residential areas.

7. Railway tracks must be electrified.

8. Recycling paper, plastic, glass bottles, and aluminum cans.

Presenter :KarmunIlyIndraCristaPuteriMahirahAdibah

Thank You !!!