air traffic systems. secondary surveillance radar introduction and basic principles air traffic...
TRANSCRIPT
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Air Traffic Systems
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SECONDARY SURVEILLANCE RADAR
INTRODUCTION
AND
BASIC PRINCIPLES
Air Traffic Systems
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Radar PictureTiming
&Control
Transmitter Pulses
TXRX
& PROCESSING
Received Signal
Basic Primary Radar
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DISADVANTAGES OF PRIMARY RADAR
High Power
Clutter
Permanent Echo's
Weather i.e. Rain etc.
Identification
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Radar PictureTiming
&Control
TXRX
& PROCESSING
Basic Secondary Radar
SSRTx 1030 MHz
Rx 1090 MHz
123ABC
Decoder Secondary returns
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Military A/C Ident - Mode 1 3µs
Military Mission Ident - Mode 2 5 µs
Joint Military & Civil A/C Ident - Mode 3/A 8 µs
Civil A/C Ident - Mode B 17 µs
Altitude Data - Mode C 21 µs
Modes and Pulse Spacing
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SSR Questions (Modes)
Who are you ? (Mode 1 and 3/A)
What is your altitude ? (Mode C)
What is your mission number ? (Mode 2)
Are you FRIEND or FOE ? (Mode 4)
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Mode Interlacing
The ability of the system to automatically
change modes.
This enables more diverse information to
be gathered.
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Military transponderset to :-Mode 1, code = 1100Mode 3/A, code = 4170Mode C, code = h1
Civil transponderset to :-Mode 3/A, code = 2210Mode C, code = h2
Military
Civil No 2210 h2 No 2210 h2 No 2210 h2
1100 4170 h1 1100 4170 h1 1100 4170 h1
CodedReplies
1 3/A C 1 3/A C 1 3/A C
Mode interlace pattern 1, 3A, C
MODE INTERLACINGMODE INTERLACING
h1 h2
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EMERGENCY REPLIESCIVILIAN EMERGENCYCIVILIAN EMERGENCY
GENERAL EMERGENCY - 7700
RADIO FAILURE - 7600
HI-JACK - 7500
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ADVANTAGES OF SSROVER PRIMARY RADAR
POSITIVE IDENTIFICATION
CLUTTER ELIMINATION
LOWER POWER FOR EQUIVALENT RANGE
ACCURATE HEIGHT INFORMATION
EMERGENCY INFORMATION
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DISADVANTAGES OF SSR
INTERROGATIONS VIA SIDE LOBES
FALSE REPLIES UNCORRELATED IN TIME
(FRUIT)
GARBLING
TRACK WANDER
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200 Miles
80 miles
Aircraft A
Aircraft C
Aircraft B
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200 Miles
80 miles
Aircraft A
Aircraft B
P1 P2P2 P3
2 s
INTERROGATION SIDE LOBE SUPPRESSION
Aircraft C
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Site APRF 250Hz
Site BPRF 260Hz
unwanted replies
F.R.U.I.T.
Interrogation
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FRUIT
Correct reply
De-fruited video O/P
DEFRUITER PRINCIPLE
1 PRF DELAY CoincidenceGate
(Frame pulses + 2 information..)
First PRPReplies
Second PRPReplies
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GARBLEGARBLE
A4 B2 D2 D4 F2
A2C2 C4F1
End of pulse
train from aircraft A
Beginning ofpulse train fromaircraft B
Overlapping repliesOVERLAPPING
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TRACK WANDER1st
sweep
2nd
sweep
3rd
sweep
4th
sweep
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TRACK WANDER1st
sweep
2nd
sweep
sweep
sweep
track
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THE MONOPULSE SYSTEM
ELIMINATES TRACK WANDER
BECAUSE ONLY ONE PULSE
FROM A REPLY TRAIN IS NEEDED
TO OBTAIN AN ACCURATE BEARING.
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BO
RE
S
IGH
T
COMBINED SUM & DIFFERENCE PATTERNS
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Mono-pulse Secondary
Surveillance Radar
MSSR
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Cardion Secondary Surveillance Radar
Antenna mounted on Tactical Watchman
Mounted on T101 Air Defence Radar
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AIRTRAFFICCONTROL
CIVIL AIRCRAFTMILITARY AIRCRAFT
MARITIME AIRCRAFT
NAVAL SYSTEMS
MISSILE
SSR SYSTEM APPLICATIONS
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This is my discrete address
MODE S
Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4
1 0 1 1 1 10 0 0 0
Bit NPreamble 8.0 s
I am able to reply to your “ALL CALL”
because I have Mode S
Data block 56 s or 112 s
0.5 s0.5 s
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The future of SSR
Mode S – becoming compulsory under EASA rules
CSSR and MSSR don’t support Mode S
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Airfield layout
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Any Questions
?