Taking a Risk-Based Approach to Airport Security

Lee Kair

Regional Director, Office of Global Strategies Transportation Security Administration

Layered Security Approach

TSA uses layers of security as part of a risk-based approach to protecting passengers and our nation’s transportation systems. Multiple layers combine to create a much stronger system.

Although checkpoint operations are the most visible layer, they represent just one part of TSA’s security system.

Slide 2

Slide 3

Risk-Based Passenger Security Overview

TSA is undertaking efforts to provide the most effective security in the most efficient way and improve the passenger experience at airport security checkpoints by applying an intelligence-driven risk-based approach.

1. The majority of airline passengers are low risk.

2. The more information available on each passenger, the easier it is to assess risk.

3. Behavior detection and interviewing techniques should be strengthened in the screening process.

4. TSA must accelerate its efforts to optimize screening processes and the use of technology

to gain system-wide efficiencies.

5. Increase security by focusing on unknowns; expedite known/trusted travelers.

Guiding Principles of Risk-Based Security

Risk-Based Security: Longer-Term, Strategic Objectives

Risk Mitigation

Trade Space

Industry Vitality

Passenger Satisfaction

Fiscal/ Policy Issues

Operational Efficiency

Security Effectiveness

Workforce

Risk-Based Security: Longer-Term, Strategic Objectives

“We are looking at other ways to screen smarter and use our resources in a fiscally

responsible way to provide the most effective security as efficiently as possible, to strengthen

security and measurably improve the travel experience for everyone.”

– Administrator John Pistole

Slide 4

Expedited Screening Entry Points

Slide 5

There are several ways to receive the expedited screening experience including:

• TSA Pre✓™ available at 40 airports • DoD available at 10 airports

• CBP Trusted Travelers including Global Entry, SENTRI and NEXUS

• Clearance holders and other low risk populations

• Certain frequent flyers

• Managed Inclusion available at 10 airports

• Known Crew Member available at 29 airports

• 12 & Under, 75 & Older

TSA Pre✓™ Expedited Screening Initiatives

TSA Pre✓™

Passengers become eligible for expedited screening to access TSA Pre™ expedited screening lanes through various mechanisms including membership in U.S. Customs and Border Protection Trusted Traveler programs or through partner airlines by meeting TSA established frequent flyer eligibility and opt-in criteria. If TSA determines a passenger is qualified, the low- risk status designation is embedded in the passenger’s boarding pass. By placing more focus on prescreening, TSA is able to expedite physical screening for known passengers while increasing system-wide effectiveness.

Over 13 million TSA Pre™ passengers have been screened to date.

DoD CAC Card

Active Duty Military Members, Reserve and National Guard may receive TSA Pre✓™ screening at 10 airports by presenting their DOD Common Access Card (CAC) card to be scanned. 434,075 have been screened since November 2011. The program is currently pursuing a list-based DoD solution which does not require a CAC card to be scanned. This will enable active duty military to access TSA Pre✓™ at all 40 airports.

Managed Inclusion

As part of the Transportation Security Administration’s risk-based approach to aviation security, the agency is evaluating the use of explosive detection canines and behavior detection to conduct “real time” threat assessments in an effort to improve security, efficiency and the passenger experience. After an initial risk-based assessment by Passenger Screening Canines and Behavior Detection Officers, a TSA Officer will verify the traveler’s boarding pass and identification. A random generator, currently an electronic floor mat with directional arrows, randomly designates whether the cleared passenger is to proceed to the TSA Pre✓™ lane or standard screening lanes.

Slide 6

Other Expedited Screening Initiatives

Initiative Description and Status (As of July 2013)

Known Crew Member

Initiative pursued jointly by Airlines for America (A4A), Airline Pilots Association (ALPA) and the Transportation Security Administration that allows Flight Deck crew members to enter the sterile airport area through specific designated crew access points using alternate screening procedures which make screening more efficient. KCM average daily volume is 50,000. Over 7.8 million have been screened since the program started in August 2011. Currently at 29 airports and 40 airlines with expansion plans underway.

Children 12 and under

Modified screening procedures at all airports (not just TSA Pre✓™ airports) for passengers 12 years of age and younger that allows them to keep their shoes on. Since this nationwide initiative started in August 2011, over 44 million children have been screened.

Passenger 75 and older

Modified screening procedures at all airports (not just TSA Pre✓™ airports) enabling passengers 75 and older to keep shoes and light outer garments on during screening process. Since this nationwide initiative started in March 2012, over 19 million adults 75 and older have been screened.

WW II Honor Flight Network

Policy decision to exempt WWII Veterans on chartered Honor Flights from physical screening. Nationwide implementation completed in Summer 2011. Since implementation approximately 9,500 Honor Flight passengers have been screened.

Slide 7

TSA Pre™ Passenger Experience at the Airport

TSA Pre™ Experience Quicker throughput Shorter Lines Shorter wait times Improved customer experience

No Divestiture of Shoes 3-1-1 compliant bag Laptop Light outerwear/jacket Belts

TSA will always incorporate random and unpredictable security measures throughout the airport and no individual will be guaranteed expedited screening.

1. Access the TSA Pre™ lane (children age 12 and under traveling with a parent or guardian)

2. Present boarding pass and ID to the Travel Document Checker 3. Scan barcode and boarding pass 4. If directed by the Travel Document Checker, proceed through the TSA Pre™ lane

where you will receive expedited screening

Slide 8

Slide 9

Expanded Prescreening Real Time Threat Assessment

at the airport Risk-Based Physical Screening

Random and Unpredictable Screening Procedures

No Divestiture of:

• Shoes

• 3-1-1 compliant bag

• Laptop

• Light outerwear/jacket

• Belts

•Behavior detection

• Identity document verification

•Transportation Security Officer (TSO) directs passenger to screening lane

How it works:

K-9 Travel Document

Checker Passenger

Reservation

Airline System

Secure Flight

• Passengers provide data to TSA Secure Flight through airline systems

• Secure Flight conducts watch list matching, analyzes passenger risk and delivers result to airline

• Airline places risk designation in boarding pass

Security Checkpoint

TSA Pre™ Expedited Passenger Screening Experience

Behavior Detection

Officer

Passenger

TSA Pre™ Airline Participation

TSA currently partners with six airlines to provide TSA Pre✓™ by putting the low-risk designation in the barcode of the boarding pass. In addition, Southwest Airlines and JetBlue will participate in TSA Pre✓™ by the end of Calendar Year 2013.

Slide 10

Currently, Delta, United, American and US Airways provide a TSA Pre✓™ indicator on boarding passes. Additionally, TSA is partnering with additional airlines to update their systems to include printing the TSA Pre✓™ indicator on the face of the boarding pass.

TSA’s Partnership with CBP

Slide 11

U.S. citizens who are members of CBP's fee-based Trusted Traveler programs, including Global Entry, SENTRI, and NEXUS plus Canadian citizens who are members of NEXUS are eligible to participate in TSA Pre✓™ when they travel on a participating airline.

Global Entry

Allows expedited clearance for pre-approved, low-risk travelers

upon arrival in the United States.

NEXUS

Allows prescreened travelers expedited processing by United

States and Canadian officials at dedicated processing lanes,

ports of entry, NEXUS kiosks and marine reporting locations.

SENTRI

Allows members access to a dedicated commuter lane that

expedites crossing into the United States from Mexico.

CBP Trusted Traveler

Programs

Unpredictability

Slide 12

Benefits:

• Security demands an unpredictable process • Unpredictable measures assist in deterrence

and detection • Variation from routine motivates staff

Challenges: • Passengers desire a consistent experience

• Unpredictable screening is difficult to quantify

Unpredictability

Slide 13

• The TSA “Playbook” consists of a set of additional security measures, or “plays,” that are applied on a random and unpredictable basis.

• “Plays” can be selected by both TSA Headquarters and

by Airport Federal Security Directors (FSDs) to mitigate national and local/airport-specific threats

o Range of actions for persons other than passengers

Future Risk-Based Security Initiatives

TSA Pre✓™ Application Process is a TSA program that will allow pre-approved, low-risk travelers, to experience expedited screening at TSA Pre✓™ airport checkpoints.

Fee Based Program Similar length of validity as CBP Trusted Traveler programs U.S. Passport will not be required

TSA Pre✓™ Risk Assessment will use existing Secure Flight Passenger Data to identify low-risk travelers for expedited screening. This method will be used in order to increase the number of eligible passengers on a trip-by-trip basis:

TSA Pre✓™ Risk Assessment will be applicable to all airline passengers traveling on TSA Pre✓™ participating airlines

Slide 14

Icons provide by the nounproject.com

Q & A