airweshare - iema · 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 year of registration no x...
TRANSCRIPT
AirWeShare
Dr James Tate
Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, UK
AIR POLLUTION TRENDSLondon (10 long-running roadside sites)
Carslaw, D., Beevers, S. Westmoreland, E. Williams, M. Tate, J. Murrells, T. Stedman, J. Li, Y., Grice, S., Kent, A., Tsagatakis, I. (2011). Trends in NOX and NO2 emissions
and ambient measurements in the UK. Version 3, March 2011. http://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/reports/cat05/1108251149_110718_AQ0724_Final_report.pdf
Some London roads have very
high concentrations of NO2
e.g. Oxford Street in 2015:
Mean 136 µg.m-3
Maximum 620 µg.m-3
> 200 µg.m-3 = 1341 hours
(permitted 18 hours)
Worse than Bejing, Mexico
City, Delhi etc for NO2?
AIR POLLUTION TRENDSEurope (select)
Carslaw, D., Beevers, S. Westmoreland, E. Williams, M. Tate, J. Murrells, T. Stedman, J. Li, Y., Grice, S., Kent, A., Tsagatakis, I. (2011). Trends in NOX and NO2 emissions
and ambient measurements in the UK. Version 3, March 2011. http://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/reports/cat05/1108251149_110718_AQ0724_Final_report.pdf
LEEDS AIR QUALITYNitrogen dioxide (NO2) annual averages
4
LEEDS AIR QUALITYNitrogen dioxide (NO2) annual averages
5
LEEDS vs LONDONNitrogen dioxide (NO2) annual averages
6
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Year of registration
NO
X (
gra
ms.k
m1)
PASSENGER CAR EMISSION STANDARDSEuropean #NEDC Laboratory testing
TRAFFIC FLOW IN LEEDSe.g. Headingley arterial (A660)
8
TRAFFIC FLOW IN LONDONGrowth in journey stages
9Source: http://content.tfl.gov.uk/travel-in-london-report-9.pdf
Laboratory test so direct comparisons between vehicles can be made
Transport for London (TfL) testing over a ‘REAL’ London Drive Cycle developed
from a sample of vehicle tracking data
Time periods: AM peak, Inter-peak, Free-flow
Road types: urban, suburban, motorway (urban)
TOTAL = 140 kms
Time (seconds)
Sp
ee
d (
km/h
)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120motorway
0
20
40
60
80
100
120suburban
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 500 1000 1500 2000
urban
LABORATORY TESTINGTaking the road into the Laboratory
10
0
12
0
14
0
16
0
18
0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Average CO2 (as % of type-approval [g/km])
Ave
rag
e N
O X
[g
/km
]
Euro 5b/b+ diesel limit
Euro 6b/c diesel limit
Petrol-Hybrid
CompactPrestige/sports
Small familySmall family
Family/MPV
Family/MPV
Small familySUV/4x4
Supermini
Prestige/sports
Family/MPV
EURO 6 Passenger carsTaking the road into the Laboratory
Moody, A., Tate, J. 2016. In service CO2 and NOX emissions of Euro 6/VI cars, light- and heavy-duty goods vehicles in real London
driving: Taking the road into the Laboratory. The 21st Transport and Air Pollution (TAP) Conference, Lyon, France, May 24-26, 2016.
12The Sunday Times | 5th March 2017
“DRIVE-THROUGH” REAL DRIVING
EMISSION (RDE) MEASUREMENTS
13
Camera(Number plate)
Vehicle Detector(Speed andAcceleration)
Source/Detector
Mirror Box
Source
Detector
Emissions Analyser(Common
Configurations)
Camera(Number plate)
Vehicle Detector(Speed andAcceleration)
Source/Detector
Mirror Box
Source
Detector
Emissions Analyser(Common
Configurations)
RESULTS 2015
PETROL cars
14Aberdeen & Leeds | Spring 2015 ▶ 30,000 vehicle measurements
15Aberdeen & Leeds | Spring 2015 ▶ 30,000 vehicle measurements
RESULTS 2015
DIESEL cars
Euro 6 ≈ 50%
UK & EU EMISSION FACTORSComparison Remote Sensing & EFT / COPERT / HBEFA (2010)
Carslaw, D., Beevers, S., Tate, J., Westmoreland, E., Williams, M. 2011. Recent evidence concerning higher NOx emissions from passenger
cars and light duty vehicles. Atmospheric Environment, 45, December 2011, pg 7053-7063, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.09.063
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Year of registration
NO
X (
gra
ms.k
m1)
Euro III Euro IV Euro V Euro VI
Emission standard
Manufacturer comparison – Diesel carsNOX emissions by manufacturer & Year of 1st registration
Routes to Clean Air Conference | www.IAQM.co.uk | Friday 23rd October 2016
The Times | Saturday 24th October 2016
DIESEL CARSNOX emissions of common makes & models
The Sunday Times | 9th November 2015
“has no features that
detect whether the
vehicle is undergoing an
exhaust emissions test”
“Vauxhall cars comply
with the regulations
under which they were
certified. We are very
interested to get in touch
with the University of
Leeds to hold a scientific
discussion and to
familiarise ourselves with
the conclusions”
SOFTWARE DEFINED EMISSIONSA hacker’s review of Dieselgate | 27th December 2016
Felix „tmbinc“ Domke @tmbinc
https://media.ccc.de/v/33c3-7904-software_defined_emissions#video&t=1453
22 The Times | Monday 27th November 2016
BBC Inside Out Yorkshire
“Air Pollution & Asthma”
Monday 6th March 2017
AirWeShare
Dr James Tate
Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, UK