akorex high stability oils

8/8/2019 Akorex High Stability Oils

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AKOREX– Multi-functional high stability oil

IntroductionThe AKOREX products are liquid oils of vegetable origin,manufactured through a unique process to obtain a highresistance to oxidation.These high stability oils are multi-functional ingredients used in a number of food applications.

Food processors today have very far-reaching demands on

the performance of the ingredients they use. In search of new concepts and products, they look for ingredients withmulti-functional characteristics.

Characteristics that are sought-after include:• Easy to use

• Convenience and security

• Accelerated processing

• Extension of quality and shelf-life of final products

• Reduction of use of additives; less labelling of additives

• Suitable carriers of flavours and colours

• Environmentally friendly and safe products

High stability oils fulfil these demands.The AKOREXproducts are used as ingredients, additives, processingaids, coating oils,spraying oils or carriers in numerousapplications.



High Stability Oil

– What is that?Vegetable oils and fats could be either liquid or solid andthey could have either high or low stability to oxidation.Normally liquid oils have a low stability, while solid fats havea high stability.The high stability oils offer the unique combi-nation of liquidity and high stability.This means that formu-lators can select a product with high stability,even when theprocess and application require a liquid oil.

Vegetable oils like rapeseed, sunflower and soybean arenormally liquid at room temperatures but not resistant tooxidative deterioration and rancid flavour development.Therefore, they are not suitable for applications whereextended shelf-life is required.These liquid oils are very richin polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acid with two doublebonds (C18:2) and / or linolenic acid with three doublebonds (C18:3)).The more double bonds included in thefatty acid pattern, the more rapid the oxidation.The relativeoxidation rate for oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids is approxi-mately 1:10:20. Solid fats are rich in saturated fatty acids andthereby have a high stability.

A correlation can be seen between melting point andoxidation stability for the whole range of liquid oils andsolid fats,see fig 1. In the diagram it can also be seen thata few oils do not fit into the correlation.They show excep-tionally high stability in relation to their low melting point.These are the AKOREX high stability oils.

The AKOREX products are based on partially hydrogenatedoils.The solid fat problem is solved by means of unique frac-tionation processes which sepa-rate liquid oil fractions fromsolid fat. Another process bene-fit is the concentration of natu-rally occurring tocopherols,natural anti-oxidants, in the liqu-id fractions.The resulting oils areliquid near room temperaturesand yet display truly exceptionalresistance to oxidation.

Liquidity and

improved stabilitySeveral attempts have been made to improve stability of liquid oils. These are described below. The best results,however, have been obtained with the AKOREX highstability oils.

By addition of antioxidants to traditional liquid oils, rapeseed,soybean etc., the stability is improved,but approved foodgrade antioxidants just slightly increase the resistance tooxidation.

Through cultivation, new types of sunflower and rapeseedhave been bred with high contents of oleic acid (C18:1) andconsiderably lower contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids.These oils are known as high oleic sunflower oil and higholeic rapeseed oil.The stability against oxidation of theseproducts is substantially improved as compared to theoriginal oils. Karlshamns’ product range of high oleic sun-flower oils is called AKOSUN.

By fractionating palm oil, a number of palmoleins can beobtained. These oleins combine liquidity with improvedstability,as they are relatively low in polyunsaturated fattyacids. Karlshamns’ product ranges are called AKOPALMAand AKOLIQ.

Both high oleic oils and the palmoleins have good fryingproperties.

Hydrogenation of liquid oils may help to solve the stabilityproblems. In the hydrogenation process, however, these oils

are typically transformed into semi-solid or even solid fats at roomtemperature. Only by a selectivehydrogenation process can semi-liquid products with relativelylow melting points (10 - 20°C) beobtained. Examples of Karlshamns’products are the AKOFAME andAKOLIQ ranges.

250

200

150

100

50

0

Oxidation stability /Rancimat 110°C, hours

-20

Melting point °C

0 20 40 60 80

Standard oils and fats

High stability oils

Stabililty of vegetable oilsas a function of melting point

Fig 1



Characteristics of AKOREXThe AKOREX products are partially hydrogenated, fractionatedand refined vegetable oils. Naturally occurring tocopherols havebeen concentrated in the AKOREX by the processing. A compari-son of tocopherol contents in various oils can be seen in fig 2.TheAKOREX products do not contain any added antioxidants.

The liquidity of AKOREX is measured as both melting point andcloud point.The values of the various products in the productrange can be seen in table 1.

The resistance to oxidation is measured by the rancimat methodand given as OSI (oxidation stability index).The OSI of AKOREX incomparison to other liquid oils can be seen in fig 3.

Oxidation of vegetable oils is experienced through the develop-ment of unpleasant odours of the oils. The oxidation can be mea-sured by an increase in the peroxide value.Various liquid oils arecompared with respect to development of peroxide value in anoxidation test at 22°C storage, which is a temperature, wheremost finished products are stored. The resulting graph can beseen in fig 4.

Applications of highstability oilsFirst of all,high stability oils are very easy to use. As liquid andsemi-liquid products they need practically no preheating at allbefore application.

The application areas where high stability oils are at their bestare basically two broad main groups:oils applied on surfaces, andoils as carriers and solubilisers of sensitive substances.

Examples of applications where oil is applied on a surface are:• coating of dried fruits• breakfast cereals• powdered products• several applications in the confectionery industry• coating of snacks and crackers• glazing of nuts

The oil is in these applications working as:• barrier• binder• lubricant/release agent• gloss enhancer

Examples of substances, where the AKOREX products are used ascarriers or solubiliser, are vitamines,flavours, colours and antioxi-dants.These substances are all sensitive to alteration of their cha-racteristics. AKOREX is stable and works as ”inert” carrier of these materials.

AKOREX finds its usage in a number of other applications, asingredient to provide texture and body of the finished products oras a binder of dry ingredients.

AKOREX product range

Solid fat content Oxidation stability

Melting Cloud 10°C 20°C index,Rancimat

point, °C Point, °C method 110°C

AKOREX 20 10 46 2 >100

AKOREX S 11 5 10 0 >100

AKOREX C 15 6 6 0 >100

AKOREX Z 14 5 22 0 >70

Table 1

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0Soybean

oilRapeseed

oilPalmolein Coconut

oilCornoil

Sunfloweroil

AKOREX

ppm

Typical tocopherol content in various oilsFig 2

120

100

80

60

40

20

0Rapeseed

oilSunflower

oilCornoil

AKOSUN AKOPALMA AKOFAME E AKOREX

Hours at 110°C

Comparision of oxidation stability indexFig 3



Dried fruitsSince dried fruits like raisins,sultanas,prunes, figs, apricots,dates,etc. must maintain their quality for periods exceedingone year, and often at elevated temperatures,dressing oils

have been used for many years to preserve the quality of appearance and flavour. Dressing oils are used both afterharvesting and drying, and a second time before repackaging.Usage levels are low;typically 0.2 to 1.0%, but the impact onthe quality is high.Mineral oils, which have been used in thepast, are no longer a permitted alternative. Selected highstability oils have proven to be highly suitable coating oilsfor dried products all over the globe.

Dressing oils as AKOREX are used on dried fruit to:• extend shelf-life• control moisture loss• control surface crystallisation of natural sugars

• improve colour and flavour stability• prevent aggregate formation• maintain free flow• improve appearance and gloss• prevent some insect infestations

The AKOREX products are selected by producers becauseliquid oils with excellent stability are needed.The liquidity ismainly needed for easy application and shiny appearancewithout white mottles of crystallised fat.The high oxidationstability is required to fulfil the tough requirements of main-tained quality throughout the complete shelf-life period of up to 24 months without any dressing-oil related taste

deterioration.

Breakfast cerealsReady-to-eat breakfast cereals are often sensitive flavoursystems requiring extended shelf-life properties.Today, manycereals are enriched with vitamins and minerals.Somecontain added colours or flavours.

High stability oil find applications in ready-to-eat cereals as:• ingredient in baked cereals• moisture barrier (to enhance bowl life)• vitamin carrier (for enriched cereals)• flavour, spice, or colour carrier• anticrumbing agent / dust control• roasting oil• coating of dried fruits / nuts

The AKOREX products are used as excellent oxidationstability is required and liquid oils are beneficial to use.Thestability is needed for cereal products with long shelf-life,where a small amount of oil is used on a big surface andthereby exposed to a great deal of air.Taste deteriorationof the oil badly influences the total product impressionand taste.

The liquidity is beneficial for easy usage and to maintain aninviting appearance of the cereals to avoid a greyish and dullproduct with white mottles of solid fat.

120

100

80

60

40

20

00 3 6 8

Peroxide value (meq/kg)

10 12

Time (month)

Sunflower oil

Ground nut oil

AKOREX

Oxidation test of various oils at 22°CFig 4



Powdered productsPowdered products such as spices, dried proteins, soups,

sauces and seasoning systems are sprayed with high stabilityoils.Oil, sprayed on the surface, influences properties likewetability, dispersability, fluidity and shelf-life of the powder.

The AKOREX products are used to create a barrier to mois-ture, to avoid flavour deterioration and aggregate and lumpformation. High stability oils also work as carriers of oil solu-ble colours and flavours in powdered products. Another roleof the AKOREX products is to be the ingredient providingtexture and body to the finished product of the powder.

Spray oil applied on powder has the additional effect of controlling dust, which is a common problem in industrieshandling powdered products.

The AKOREX products are preferred for powderedproducts as they remain flavour neutral, and because theirliquid nature facilitates handling and application.

ConfectioneryproductsThe confectionery industry makes use of high stability oilsboth as ingredients and as processing aids.The type of highstability oil to be used depends on the specific demands of each application. Recently, several confectionery manufactu-rers turned to high stability oils as substitutes for mineral /paraffin oils.

High stability oils are used in the confectionery industry as:• glazing agent / surface gloss• slab oil in the production of toffee, caramels and other

sticky confectionery products• moisture barrier

• release agent• wrapper lubricant• stamping machine lubricant• flavour / colour carrier• confectionery centre fat

The AKOREX products are used for their good lubricationproperties.They have as well an ability to provide shinyappearance of the products.

The liquid oil makes application easy and does not leavea whitish surface of crystallised fat on the product.Theconfectionery products have a long shelf-life, and theAKOREX products offer security through their stable tastequality that helps maintain the over-all product quality.



Snacks and crackersVarious kinds of snacks and low-fat biscuits and

crackers as well as croutons are sprayed with oilto enhance taste, improve gloss or adhere seaso-nings. High stability oils are used for spraying oras the base oil in seasoning dispersions.Theresistance to oxidation is important as the oil isexposed to air when applied in a thin layer over abig surface.

The liquid AKOREX is suitable for spraying.Seasoning slurry could also be applied by tumbling,brushes or in pans.

AKOREX, with its excellent stability against oxidation,provides the possibility of a long shelf-life of the finished

products without the risk of oil-related taste deterioration.

Nut roastingHigh stability oils are used for frying nuts and coating roastednuts.

During the frying process, water is partly replaced by oil.The use of a high stability oil has an impact on the stability of the original nut oil, which has lower stability.

The AKOREX products are used as spraying oil on both

dry-roasted and oil-roasted nuts to enhance gloss andimprove shelf-life.The nut is protected by the high stabilityoil and its high amount of naturally occurring tocopherols.

The AKOREX products are preferred for their liquiditywhich lends a nice shiny appearance to the nuts and alsoprovides an excellent film for the adhesion of salt andseasonings.

Solutions andsuspensionsHigh stability oils are frequently used as carriers for sensitivesubstances such as:• Vitamins• Colours• Flavours• Antioxidants

These substances are solved or dispersed in the oil, depen-ding on their characteristics.The high stability oils are alsoused for diluting substances, especially colours, to acceptableand useful concentration levels.The oils can be used tostandardise this level as well.

The AKOREX products are selectedbecause they remain flavour neutral andcolour stable, and do not interfere with ordegrade the solved substances.Their liquidnature facilitates handling and application.



Karlshamns Sweden AB • S-374 82 Karlshamn • Tel +46 454 820 00 • Fax +46 454 828 88

akorex high stability oils

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