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Avec: Fayal Benkrizi

AvempaceAvempace

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AVEMPACE

Cest vers 822 que Zyriab fait son entre dans Cordoue, sous le rgne du monarque andalouAbderrahmane II qui lui rserve le meilleur acceuil et lui tmoigne un grand intrt. Zyriab

passera environ trente cinq ans sur le sol andalou, dveloppera et codifiera un systme

musical qui, sa mort, sera repris et enrichi par de nombreux disciples. Cest ce systme qui

donnera naissance plus tard laMousika andaloussiya.

De son vrai nom Abu al-Hassan Ali ibn Nafi (789-857), surnomm Zyriab (le merle), lve

du clbre Issak El Maoussili, musicien de la cour Abasside, il commence lapprentissage de

la musique Bagdad, et vers 815, construit son propre luth, diffrent de ceux de lpoque,

en lui ajoutant une cinquime corde. Il excute alors devant le calife Haroun Rachid une

composition personnelle et sera flicit chaleureusement par le commandeur des croyants,

mais provoquera la colre de son matre. Il dcidera ensuite de sexiler au Maghreb, puis en

Andalousie.

Aprs la chute des tawaifs (petites royauts andalouses), les musulmans dEspagne mi-

greront au Maghreb, emportant avec eux leur culture. La musique andalouse, entre autre,

fut paticulirement prise et sauvegarde, notamment par les confrries religieuses et la

communaut juive. Transmise oralement de gnrations en gnrations, elle a t lobjet de

nombreuses dperditions et dformations. De nos jours, elle est connue au Maroc sous le nom

de Moussika El Ala, de Gharnata Tlemcen, de Sanaa Alger et de Malouf de Constantinejusquen Lybie. Ces diffrentes dnominations prouvent quel point il y a eu interpntration

entre la musique autochtone et la musique de Zyriab.

Le systme musical de Zyriab est bas sur le double concept du Tabet le chant sur celui de

la nouba. LeTab caractre, temprament traduit lchelle modale et tonale de cette musi-

que qui repose sur les sentiments, le temprament du compositeur. 24 Tab furent conus lorigine, limage des 24 heures du jour et de la nuit, et donneront naissance

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linterprtation des noubas. La nouba est une suite ou une srie de mouvements (pices

potiques et instrumentales) qui se droule selon un ordre bien dtermin. Elle ressemble

trangement une pice de thtre, un oratorio profane, qui comprend des actes et des

scnes qui senchanent selon un ordre logique.

Des 24 noubas dorigine, vu les alas de la transmission orale, il nen reste aujourdhui que

12 (dans le style dexcution Sanaa dAlger). Ces 12 noubas ont chacune une dnomination

distincte :

1) Twesiaou ouverture musicale : sans pice potique, elle sxecute selon un rythme 4/4.

2)Msaddar : Premire pice potique. Le rythme est solennel, sur un mouvement 4/4.

3)B tahi : Seconde partie chante lgrement plus rapidement que la prcdente.

4)Darj : Plus alerte que les prcdentes.5)Insiraf: Changement de rythme, 5/8 boiteux.

6) las: ou finale sur un rythme 6/8.

Il est possible pour les orchestres de jouer, la place de la Twesia, un morceau qui ne fait pas

partie de la nouba, appelInqilab.

La musique andalouse a donn naissance dautres styles, plus populaires et connus enAlgrie sous les noms deAroubi,Haouziet Zendani. Ces derniers nobissent pas aux rgles

cites prcdemment et utilisent une posie contemporaine, contrairement la nouba qui

puise dans le muwashah et le zedjzel, posie structure obissant une mtrique propre.

La formation Avempace, qui a emprunt son nom au clbre musicien et philosophe Ibnou

Badja expose ici les nombreuses facettes du patrimoine musical algrien. La premire partieest consacre lexcution dextraits de noubas, la seconde au patrimione AroubietHaouzi.

Dr Fodil Benkrizi

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La formation Avempace a t cre en 1933 Mostaganem, elle est compose de musiciens

et de chanteurs professionnels ayant enseigns dans les diffrentes associations de musique

andalouse de la ville. Les membres du groupe sont tous issus de la prestigieuse cole Nadi El

Hillel Ettakafi (Cercle du Croissant) fonde et dirige par matre Moulay-Ahmed Benkrizi.

Le chef dorchestre, Dr F. Benkrizi, est le fils an du fondateur du Cercle, participe au 3me

festival de musique classique algrienne en 1972, devient chef dorchestre en 1973, obtient

le 2me prix du festival national de musique et participe au festival de Tlemcen de 1974

1988 ainsi quau festival du malouf de Constantine depuis sa cration en 1981 jusquen

1988. Il est le fondateur de lassociation Nadi Le Hillel et en devient prsident en 1991.

Il fait partie de lorchestre pilote de la Radio et de la Tlvision Algrienne depuis 1977,participe au Festival de la Jeunesse Arabe de Damas en 1981, se produit au Maroc, Paris, (o il

accompagne notamment le chanteur Lili Boniche) ainsi quen Italie lors de festivals de musique

traditionnelle comme Brechia et Gardonne Val Trompia.

Le chanteur, Fayal Mustapha Benkrizi (n le 19/02 1972) dbute trs tt lapprentissage

musical sous la houlette de son pre, professeur de musique andalouse au Conservatoirede Mostaganem. Il joue du violon et de la mandoline huit ans et participe au Festival de

Musique Andalouse dAlger. Il obtient le premier prix national de la jeunesse en 1988 au

palais de la culture dAlger et accompagne son frre an lors de tournes internationales,

notamment lors du spectacle donn au sige de lU.N.E.S.C.O Paris. Il a acquis une

grande matrise du piano et des instruments comme le luth, le kanoun et le rebeb. Grce aux

encouragements et leons prises avec son professeur Mohamed Khaznadji, il compteaujourdhui dans son rpertoire lexcution de 12 noubas de lcole Sanaa et un nombre

apprciable de morceaux indits et rests inconnus auprs des connaisseurs de cette musique.

En marge de la musique classique, grand nombre de mlodies Haouzi, Aroubi et mme de

Chir el melhoune font partie de la panoplie musicale de ce jeune talent.

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Inqilab Raml Maya

Mon amour ! Laisse venir les vnements comme bon leur semble

Ncoute pas les mdisances et reste vigilant

Patience, car on ne peut rcolter que ce que lon a sem

La consolation de Dieu est proche

Cest Lui qui nous rserve mlancolie et joie

Le destin est trac, et celui du Tout Puissant est invitable

Accorde-moi ta patience car la peine nest quphmre

Ainsi est faite la vie : tantt promu tantt destitu

La consolation de Dieu est proche

Cest Lui qui nous rserve mlancolie et joie

Patiente donc jusqu ce quil soit dcid.

Istikhbar Raml Maya

Je te lgue mon tre et tout ce que je possde

Et si mes biens viennent manquer je sacrifierai mon me

Je ne cesserai de chanter tes louanges puisque

De ma vie je nai vu semblable beaut.

Darj Raml Maya

Mentira celui qui prtendra souffrir damour comme je souffre pour vous

Votre baiser est si exaltant que je suis envot

Nombreux sont ceux qui prtendent votre amour, rendant ma souffrance plus pnible

Mais existera-t-il une personne parmi celles-l qui pourra mgaler ?

Mon amour sera vainqueur condition que ma bien-aime me fasse la faveur dune rencontre.

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Insiraf Raml Maya

Je nai pu trouver le sommeil cause de mon amour pour toi

Toutes mes prires nont engendr que bouderie et ddain

Dsormais je madresserai Dieu, puisse-t-il exaucer ma demande !Alors, retrouvant mon assurance jorganiserai un bal en son honneur

Oh mes amis, je pris par lamour innocent que je porte ma bien-aime.

lasRaml Maya (1)

Eh chanson ! remplis la coupe celle qui possde des joues roses

Ton breuvage exquis a enchant ma bien-aime, sers nous encore

Aprs le ddain, ma bien-aime ma gratifi de sa visite

Que dagrables moments passs en ta compagnie, reine de la beaut

Ivre ou conscient, la grce de ses mouvements la rende plus sduisante encore.

lasRaml Maya (2)

Oh compagnon ! apporte moi donc la bonne nouvelle

Aie piti de moi ma desse, toi qui incarne tantt le soleil, tantt le croissant lunaire

Mes amis et toutes les toiles du ciel sont tmoins de lamour que je te porte

Tu es lastre royal et moi lastronome, telle est la mtaphore de mon amour pour toi.

lasRaml Maya (3)

Rveille toi compagnon et admire ce parterre jonch de feuilles damandiers

La brise du matin les a balayes dans cette haie tandis que la rose les a bouscules

Les feuilles naissantes du noyer apparaissent, salues par le messager du bonheur

Le jardin multicolore menvote en cette saison

Oh ami ! allons donc savourer ces moments merveilleux

Viens voir les amoureux et remplis ma coupeTandis que le parfum des fleurs embaument la nature

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Les colombes roucoulent au dessus dans les branches, me rappelant que je ne suis pas le seul

amoureux

Seule la reine de la beaut menchante, surtout lorsquelle devient consentante

Oh ami ! allons donc savourer ces merveilleux moments.

Inqilab Aroubi Ya Raoud Rani

Oh jardin ! je suis plein de venin et ma patience est bout oh colombe !

Jai hlas got aux fleurs de lamour

Mon secret est bien gard et nul ne le percera oh colombe !Redoutant que la bien-aime ne me revienne plus

Je ten conjure, par Dieu, donne-moi de ses nouvelles oh colombe !

Elle me boude sans aucune raison

Oh jardin ! je me plains toi de toutes mes blessures oh mon amour ! oh jardin ! si tu avais

endur mes souffrances aurais-tu compati ?

Mon amour pour elle date de ma plus tendre enfance oh colombe !

Ni le prince de Kola ni le vizir de la casbah nont pu la sduire

De ma vie je nai pu obtenir delle oh colombe !

Que trois nuits pleines de gaiet

Je me suis dlect de son haleine au got de grenade oh colombe !Plus dlicieuse que le miel et tous les fruits exotiques

Oh jardin ! je me plains toi de toutes mes blessures oh mon amour ! oh jardin, si tu avais

endur ma souffrance aurais-tu compati ?

Mes ennemis nattendent que mon exil oh colombe ! oh comme lamour est beau !

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Insiraf Aroubi ily snine adida

Voil dj plusieurs annes que je taime

Oh ma gazelle je te prie de raccourcir la dure de lexil

Ma reine ! Comme ton orgueil me pse

Celui qui taime est attach ta grce

Oh ma reine ! Comme ton orgueil me pse

Le gentilhomme que je suis tadore depuis bien longtemps, il a consenti lunion pour toujours

Errant et malheureux, toujours plaintif. Si tu le dsires je pourrai te le dcrire

Amaigri par lamour, malade, ne parvenant mme plus accompir ses obligations envers Dieu

Ecoutes mon pangyrique oh toi qui surpasses en beaut toutes les autres !

Comme ta mine est superbe, et superbes tes sourcils qui mettent si bien tes yeux en valeur !

Oh ma reine ! Comme ton orgueil me pse

Tu as subjugu mon cur, conquis mon esprit et tu me refuses une rencontreTu mas ensorcel, tre au visage si rose, au cou clair, au front tincelant

Aux cils et sourcils dhindoue, semblables deux pes qui me dfient mort

Cesse dtre hautaine jeune femme tu as conquis mon cur par la flche de ton regard

Ton baiser est doux comme le miel et tes dents, collier de perles, avivent lclat de ton visage

Oh ma reine ! Comme ton orgueil me pse.

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Haouzi de Mohamed Ben Msayeb - Ya ouchak zine

Oh vous qui aimez le beau ! Aidez donc mon cur mlancolique

Mes joues sont ravines par des larmes intarissables

La flamme de mon amour dnonce lloignement de celle que jaime

Oh celui qui compatit ! Je ne puis supporter le refus plus longtemps

Face une telle beaut, comment rester indiffrent ?

Beaut unique au monde, ingalable dans la grce

Mon amour est bien gard et nul ne lui nuira


Les gens me jalousent, me voyant pris de toi

Ses yeux ensommeills la font ressembler une gazelle

Ignorant, celui qui comparera sa beaut celle dune autre


Oh reine de beaut, ton amour ma sduit

Je suis devenu fou de toi et personne ngalera ta dmarche

De par le monde, jamais il ny eu damour comme celui que jai pour toi


Je nai pu trouver la quitude car mon esprit est proccup

Pouvais-je esprer cause de ma passion pour toi

Dautres rsultats que celui de dlaisser mes prires et de jouir de ton amour ?

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Qua-t-elle ma bien-aime

Alors que nous tions ensemble


Oh compagnons ! elle me boude


Alors que lattente fut longue

Languissant mme de son ombre

Bless et fltri lorsque je la voisSa grce et sa beaut menvotent

Et chantent les prmices dune idylle




Elle me boude

Et de surcrot sans raison

Elle mabandonne mon sort

Puis elle mattendra

Celle qui a la taille du peuplier





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Haouzi de Mohamed Ben Msayeb - Mal hbibi malou

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Ma bien-aime me boude

Et mon secret est trahi

Je nai que ce que je mrite

Et que ce que Dieu a voulu quil arrive

Je ne pardonnerai pas

A celle qui ma trahit



Qua -t-elle ma bien-aime


Elle me gratifia dune nuit

Elle qui possde une beaut incomparable

La lune la envie

Ainsi que le soleil son lever

Reconnaissable par sa beautParmi toutes les reines.

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AVEMPACE

Zyriab arrived in Cordoba around 822, under the reign of Abderrahmane the Andalucian

monarch. The monarch gave him a warm welcome and showed great interest in themusician. Zyriab spent some thirty five years in Andalucia. During those years he developed and

codified the musical system which upon his death would be taken up and enriched by

his numerous disciples. This musical system gave rise to what would become Mousika

Andaloussiya.

Abu al-Hassan Ali ibn Nafi (789-857), nicknamed Zyriab (the lark), studied with the famous

Issak El Maoussili, a musician from the Abassidian court. Around 815 Zyriab built his

own lute that differed from those of his time, with a fifth string. He played one of his own

compositions on this lute for the caliph Haroun Rachid and was congratulated by the leader.

However, Zyriabs actions sparked his teachers anger. Zyriab chose to exile himself in the

Maghreb and then in Andalucia.

After the fall of the tawaifs (small Andalucian royalty), the Muslims of Spain emigrated

to the Maghreb, bringing their culture along with them. Andalucian music, among others,

was especially liked and preserved, especially by religious brotherhoods and the Jewishcommunity. This music was passed down by oral tradition from generation to generation

and hence underwent many changes. Today, this music is known in Morocco as Moussika El

Ala, in Tlemcen (Algeria) as Gharnata, in Algiers as Sanaa and from Constantine to Libya

as Malouf. These different names testify to the intense mingling between the local music and

Zyriabs music.

The musical system is based on the Tabconcept and the songs are based on the nouba. TheTab, meaning character or temperament, reflects the modal and tonal scale of this music

which depends on the feelings and temperament of the composer. Originally, twenty-four

Tabwere written, one for each hour of the day and night, which eventually gave rise to the

interpretation of the nouba. The nouba is a suite or a series of movements (poetic and

instrumental pieces) which followed a well-determined order. The nouba is very similar to a

play, or a profane oratorio, with acts and scenes that follow a logical order.

Of the 24 original noubas, and as a consequence of oral transmission, there are now only

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12 nouba left. (in the Sanaa style of Algiers). Each of these twelve nouba have a distinct

name:

1) Tswsiaor musical overture: no poetry, on a 4/4 beat

2) Msaddar : First poem. The rhythm is solemn, on a 4/4 beat

3) B tahi: second song on a slightly faster rhythm

4) Darj: More lively

5) Insiraf: Change in rhythm, lopsided 5/8

6) Slas: or finale on a 6/8 beat.

The orchestra can choose to replace theTswsiaby an Inqilab, which is not a part of the

nouba.

Andalucian music gave rise to other styles that are more popular and better known inAlgeria, such as Aroubi, Haouziand Zendani. These do not follow the rules as described

above. They also use modern lyrics, contrary to the nouba which delves into the muwashah

and the zedjzel, a poetry which follows a strict metric system.

The Avempace group named itself after the famous musician and philosopher Ibnou Badja

and offers a sampling of the numerous facets of the Algerian musical heritage. The first partis devoted to noubas and the second to the Aroubaand Haouzistyle.

Dr. Fodil Benkrizi

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Avempace was founded in 1933 in Mostaganem. It is made up of professional musicians and

singers who have taught in the various schools of Andalucian music in this city. The members

of the group were all trained at the prestigious Nadi El Hillel Ettakafi school (The Crescent

Circle) founded and directed by the master Moulay-Ahmed Benkrizi.

The conductor, Dr. F. Benkrizi, is the oldest son of the founder of the Circle. He took part

in the Algerian classical music festival in 1972 and became conductor in 1973 and received

the second prize in the national music festival. He participated in the Tlemcen music festival

from 1974 to 1988 as well as in the malouf festival of Constantine from its creation in 1981

and until 1988. He founded the Nadi Le Hillel organisation of which he became chairman

in 1991. He has been a member since 1977 of the orchestra owned by the Algerian Radioand Television. He took part in the Arab Youth Festival in Damascus in 1981. He has given

concerts in Morocco, Paris (accompanying in particular the singer Lili Boniche) as well as

in Italy, in traditional musical festivals such as Brechia and Gardonne Val Trompia.

The singer, Fayal Mustapha Benkrizi (born February 1972) began his musical

apprenticeship quite young, guided by his father, a professor of Andalucian music at theMostaganem conservatory. At eight years old he played both the violin and the mandolin

and was part of the Andalucian music festival of Algiers. He won first junior prize in 1988

at the Algiers cultural center and accompanied his brother on international road shows, in

particular the concert given at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris. He is a skilled player

of the piano as well as of instruments such as the lute, the qanun or the rebab. Thanks to

encouragement and lessons taken with his teacher Mohamed Khaznadji, he includes in his

repertoire the 12 noubas of the Sanaa school and a large number of unpublished pieces which

are still unknown even to the amateurs of this type of music. Outside of classical music, he

also interprets pieces from the Haouzi, Aroubi and even Chir el melhoune repertory.

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Inqilab Raml Maya

My Love! Let things happen the way they will

Dont listen to gossip, stay alert

Be patient, as we can only harvest what we sow

The consolation of God is near

He is the one who reserves melancholy and joy for us

Destiny is already decided, and the desires of the Almighty are inevitable

Be patient with me as pain is only a passing feeling

This is life: sometimes promoted, sometimes demoted

The consolation of God is near

He is the one who reserves melancholy and joy for us

Be patient and wait for him to decide.

Istikhbar Ral Maya

I bequeath to you myself and everything I own

And if my belongings came to want then I would sacrifice my soul

I will never cease to sing your praise since

In all my life I have never seen such beauty.

Darj Raml Maya

He who claims to suffer as I do for you is a liar

Your kiss is so exalting that I am spellbound

Many are those who claim your love, making my suffering that much greater

But can there be any among them who is equal to me?

My love will win as long as my loved one grants me a visit.Insiraf Raml Maya

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I cant sleep for my love for you

All my prayers have only led to your pouting and disdain

From now on I will address myself to God, let him grant my wish!

Then, once I regain my self-confidence I will organise a ball in her honor

Oh my friends, I am dying from innocent love

Klass Raml Maya (1)

Hey wine bearer! fill the cup of the red-cheeked girl

Your exquisite drink has enchanted my loved one, serve us again

After disdain, my love has granted me a visitWhat wonderful moments spent with you, queen of beauty

Drunk or sober, the grace of her movements make her even more attractive?

Klass Raml Maya (2)

Oh friend! Bring me the good newsHave pity on me my goddess, you who represent both the sun and the moon

My friends and all the stars in the sky are witness to my love for you

You are the royal star and me the astronomer, this is the metaphor of my love for you.

Klass Raml Maya (3)

Wake up friend and admire the ground that is scattered with almond leaves

The morning breeze swept them to this hedge while the dew shuffled them

The new leaves are emerging on the walnut, saluted by the messenger of happiness.

The multicolored garden has me spellbound in this season

Oh friend! let us savour these marvellous moments.

Come see the lovers and fill my cup

While the perfume of flowers fills the air

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The doves are cooing above in the branches, reminding me that I am not the only one in

love

The queen of beauty is the only one I care for, especially when she is consenting

Of friend! let us savour these marvellous moments.

Inqilab Aroubi Ya Raoud Rani

Oh garden! I am full of venom and I am at wits end, oh dove!

Unfortunately I have tasted the flower of love

My secret is well kept and no one will break it, oh dove!I fear that my loved one will not come back

Please, by God, give me some news of hear, oh dove!

She is sulking without any reason.

Oh garden! I lament on my wounds, oh my love! oh garden! had you endured my suffering

would you feel for me?

My love for her dates back to my tender years, oh dove!

Neither the prince of Kolea, nor the vizir of the casbah could seduce her

In all my life all that I could get from her were, oh dove!

Three nights full of joy

I revelled in her breath that smelled of pomegranates, oh dove!

More delicious than honey and all exotic fruits.

Oh garden! I complain to you of all my wounds, oh my love! oh garden! had you endured my

suffering would you feel for me?

My enemies are waiting for my exile, oh dove! oh how beautiful is love!

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Insiraf Aroubi ily snine adida

I have loved you for several years now

Oh my gazelle please shorten your exile

My queen! How your pride weighs on meThe one who loves you is fond of your grace

Oh my queen! How your pride weighs on me.

The gentleman that I am has adored you for a long time, he accepts to unite forever

Wandering and unhappy, always lonesome. I can describe him if you want

Thin from love, sick, so weak he cant even fulfil his duties to God.

Listen my panegyric, you who surpasses all others in beauty!

How beautiful is your complexion, and how beautiful your eyebrows that set off your eyes

to well!

Oh my queen! What a burden your pride is on me.

You have brought my heart into subjection, conquered my spirit and you refuse to meet me

You have cast a spell on me, you with your face so rosy, your white neck, and sparkling brow

With your Hindu lashes and eyebrows, like two swords who defy me to death

Stop being haughty young woman you have conquered my heart with the arrow of your look

Your kiss is sweet as honey, your teeth, a necklace of pearls, make the shine of your face

more intense

Oh my queen! What a burden your pride is on me.

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Haouzi by Mohamed Ben Msayeb (ya ouchak zine)

Oh you who love beauty! Help my sad heart

My cheeks are eroded by never-ending tears

The flame of my love cries out against the departure of my loved oneOh whoever sympathizes with me! I can not stand this refusal any longer.

How can one be indifferent in the face of such beauty?

Unique beauty, unequalled by its grace

My love is well kept and none will hurt it

Oh whoever sympathizes with me! I can not stand this refusal any longer.

Oh beauty queen, your love has seduced me

I am mad about you and no one will come close to your gait

In all the world, never has there been love like mine for you

Oh whoever sympathizes with me! I can not stand this refusal any longer.

I could not find serenity as my mind was preoccupied

Could I hope for a different result, because of my passion for you,

than to abandon my prayers and enjoy your love?

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What is the matter with my love

We were togetherWhat is the matter with my love

Oh friends! she has turned from me


While the wait was long

Languishing even in her shadowWounded and drooping when I see her

Her grace and beauty enchant me

And tell of a new romance



Oh friends! she has turned from me.

She has turned from me

And without any reason

She has left me on my own

And shell wait for me

The one with the poplars waist


We were together


Oh friends! she has turned from me.

My love has turned from me

And my secret is betrayed

I have only what I deserveAnd what God wanted to happen

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Haouzi by Mohamed Ben Msayeb (mal hbibi malou)

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I will not forgive

she who betrayed me


We were together

What is the matter with my loveOh friends! she has turned from me.

She granted me one night

She who graced with incomparable beauty

The moon was envious,

As was the sun upon risingRecognizable for her beauty

Among all the queens.

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Musique classique algrienne / Classical music of Algeria

Avempaceavec Fayal Benkrisi

1repartie : extrait de la Nouba Raml MayaInqilab Raml Maya

Istikhbar Raml MayaDarj Raml Maya

Insiraf Raml MayaKhla Raml Maya (1)Khla Raml Maya (2)Khla Raml Maya (3)

Inqilab Aroubi Ya Raoud RaniInsiraf Aroubi ily snine adida

2mepartie : Hawzi de Mohamed Ben Msayeb

Ya ouchak zine

3mepartie : Hawzi de Mohamed Ben MsayebMal hbibi malou

Fayal Benkrizi : Kanun, alto, violon 3/4, chant - Fodil Benkrizi : Alto, direction dorchestreMedjber Maria : Kouitra - Omar Berber : Ud - Slamani : Derbouka - Yahia Benbernou : Tar

Mohamed Hamaidia : Banjo, mandoline, alto - Rezia Adda : violoncelle.

Enregistr Mostaganen (Algrie) en Aot 1995, au studio Znith, prise de son : Foued.

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