AlcoholJennifer O’NealMaya BrownDallas HallKatie Landers

6th period

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Basic Structure

Primary Alcohol

Secondary Alcohol

Tertiary Alcohol

General Structure: R-O-H

The R in the General structure stands for the hydrocarbon fragments or alkyl groups.

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Characteristics Compound in which the hydro oxygen

group, (-OH), is attached to a saturated carbon atom R3COH (Alkanes)

Characterized by –OH group

Hydrogen bonds form between the molecules

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Characteristics Compounds without a Carbonyl group or

Nitrogen group-Alcohols (1o, 2o, 3o)R-OH C-O compounds: Alcohols are characterized

by the presence of the hydroxyl (OH) group and have the general formula R-OH where R could be any organic group.

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Nomenclature Rules for naming alcohol

Select the longest chain of carbon atoms containing in the –OH group

The preceding number is the number carbon atom which has the OH molecule under it (if it’s 1, no prefix)

Replace the e with ol

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Example 1 CH3 OH = methane One carbon=no prefix Replace the e with ol Methanol

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Example 2 CH3 CH CH2 CH3 =butane l OH The OH molecule is under the second

carbon atom=preceding number=2 Replace the e with ol 2-butanol

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Example 3 CH3 CHCH2 CH2 CH3=2-pentane l OH OH molecule is under the second carbon

atom=preceding number=2 Replace the e with ol 2-pentanol

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Mechanisms  The production of methanol, from synthesis

gas, is prepared industrially by the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide (catalyzed by a ZnO/Cr2O3 mixture).

 CO + 2 H2 400°C ZnO/Cr2O3 CH3OH

C O +2 H H 400°C ZnO/Cr2O3

Carbon monoxide+ Hydrogen = Methanol

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Mechanisms (cont…) The ethanol used in the production of alcoholic

beverages is produced by the fermentation of the sugar glucose in corn, barley, grapes, etc. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzymes found in yeast.

  C6H12O6 Yeast 2 CH3CH2OH + 2 CO2 Glucose Ethanol

Glucose Yeast 2 Ethanol +2

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Mechanisms (cont…) Ethylene glycol is produced from ethylene and

the ethylene oxide reacts with water to produce ethylene glycol. This reaction can be catalyzed by either acids or bases, or can occur at neutral pH under elevated temperatures.

 C2H4O + H2O C2H6O2

Ethylene + Water Ethylene glycol Molecular structure of ethylene glycol:

+ Ethylene +Water = Ethylene glycol

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Examples Methanol (CH3 OH) (used in adhesives,

fibers, plastics, and motor fuel) Ethanol (CH3 CH2 OH) (used in

antifreeze) 1-propanol (used in rubbing alcohol) Phenol (OH) (the simplest form of

alcohol) Ethylene glycol (a toxic substance that is

a major content of antifreeze)

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Real World Importance-Methanol Methanol is used as a starting material

for the synthesis of acetic acid and many types of adhesives, fibers, and plastics.

Useful in racing cars because of its resistance to knocking.

For regular cars, it produces less carbon monoxide (toxic gas) in the exhaust than does gasoline.

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Why is methanol important? If we used methanol

as motor fuel, there would be less toxic gas in the air.

If we had less toxic gas in the air, the better we could preserve the environment.

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What would life be like without methanol? Without methanol,

we wouldn’t have NASCAR, adhesives, fibers, or plastic.

There would be more carbon monoxide in the environment

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Multiple Choice Questions How do you classify this alcohol?

A. PrimaryB. SecondaryC. TertiaryD. None of the above

What is the proper name for the common alcohol CH3CH2CH2OH?

A. PropaneB. PropanoleC. PropanelD. Propanol

April 20, 20231) B 2) D

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Multiple Choice Questions What is the MOST important thing about

methanol?A. It is used for racing carsB. It produces less carbon monoxideC. It’s a starting materical for adhesives,

fibers and plasticsD. None of the above

April 20, 2023B

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Multiple Choice Questions Which alcohol is used in the production of

alcoholic beverages?A. Ethylene glycolB. EthanolC. MethanolD. All of the above.

What substance is added to ethylene to produce ethylene glycol?A. GlucoseB. MethanolC. WaterD. Carbon Monoxide

April 20, 2023B,C

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Work Cited classweb.gmu.edu/jschorni/chem315/organicqualanalysis.ppt

www.ece.tamu.edu/GSP_08/GSP_08_mol_bio.ppt

http://www.learnchem.net/orgo/alco_nom.shtml

Zumdahl, Steven S., Susan L. Zumdahl, and Donald J. DeCoste. "Organic Chemistry." World of Chemistry. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2007. 7 May 2012. 728-731. Print.

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