alexandra a. zhdanova, ph.d. - exponentalexandra zhdanova, ph.d. 01/19 | page 1 professional profile...

COLUMBIA LAW REVIEW VOL. 117 JANUARY 2017 NO. 1 1 ARTICLE CAUSING COPYRIGHT Shyamkrishna Balganesh* Copyright protection attaches to an original work of expression the moment it is created and fixed in a tangible medium. Yet modern copyright law contains no viable mechanism by which to examine whether someone is causally responsible for the creation and fixation of the work. Whenever the issue of causation arises, copyright law relies on its preexisting doctrinal devices to resolve the issue, in the process cloaking its intuitions about causation in altogether extraneous considerations. This Article argues that copyright law embodies an unstated yet distinct theory of authorial causation, which connects the element of human agency to a work of expression using the myriad goals and objectives of the copyright system. This theory of causation would be best realized through an independent requirement—copyrightable causation—that the creator of a work must satisfy in order to qualify as its author for copyright protection. Tracking authorial causation, the requirement would embody both a factual dimension (creation in fact) and a normative component (legal creation). The former would examine the connection between the work and the putative author as a purely epistemic matter, while the latter would do so through an evaluative understanding of copyright’s myriad goals and policies. The Article unpacks the structural and substantive foundations of authorial causation in copyright law and argues that making causation an explicit requirement for protection would introduce a measure of coherence and rationality into the question of copyrightability while simultaneously allowing copyright law to overtly affirm and promote its various institutional ideals. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 2 I. AUTHORSHIP AS CAUSATION..................................................................... 11 *. Professor of Law, University of Pennsylvania Law School. Many thanks to Dan Burk, Bruce Chapman, Julie Cohen, Abraham Drassinower, Jane Ginsburg, John Goldberg, Paul Goldstein, David Hoffman, Larissa Katz, Irene Lu, Lisa Oullette, Gideon Parchomovsky, Stephen Smith, Simon Stern, Peter Yu and participants at the Texas A&M IP Roundtable, a public lecture at Waseda Law School (Tokyo), and a faculty workshop at the University of Toronto for helpful comments and suggestions. Thanks also to Reilly Steel of the Columbia Law Review for his thoughtful editorial assistance.

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Alexandra Zhdanova, Ph.D. 01/19 | Page 1

Professional Profile

Dr. Zhdanova specializes in optics and consumer electronics. She has extensive experience building custom experimental setups for optical testing, including birefringence, film-thickness, transmittance, reflectance of surfaces, and radiation safety assessments of LED and laser devices. Her electronics expertise includes PCB design, Arduino programming, and prototyping, as well as failure analysis of MOSFETs and Li-Ion cells. At Texas A&M University, Dr. Zhdanova designed and built a custom optical setup to perform time-resolved laser experiments that required the spatial and temporal overlap of seven femtosecond laser beams into an ultra-high vacuum chamber. She is skilled in areas related to nonlinear, femtosecond, and classical optics, interferometry, data analysis, and electrical characterization. Dr. Zhdanova has a background in rapid prototyping and is an expert in the automation of data collection and analysis using programming languages such as Python, Java, Matlab, LabVIEW, C, and C++.

Academic Credentials & Professional Honors

Ph.D., Physics, Texas A&M University, 2018 B.S., Physics, University of Washington, 2013

Academic Appointments

Graduate Student, Physics Department, Texas A&M University (2013-2018) Undergraduate Research Assistant, Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington (2011-2013) Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship, LIGO, Caltech (2012)

Professional Affiliations

2013-2018, The Optical Society (OSA)

Languages

Russian

Alexandra A. Zhdanova, Ph.D. Scientist | Electrical Engineering & Computer Science

149 Commonwealth Drive | Menlo Park, CA 94025

(650) 688-7173 tel | [email protected]

Alexandra Zhdanova, Ph.D. 01/19 | Page 2

Publications

A. A. Zhdanova, M. Zhi, and A. V. Sokolov, “Coherent Raman generation in solid-state materials using spatial and temporal laser field shaping,” in Frontiers and Advances in Molecular Spectroscopy (J. Laane, ed.), Elsevier, 2nd ed., 2017. A. A. Zhdanova, Y. Shen, J. V. Thompson, M. O. Scully, V. V. Yakovlev, and A. V. Sokolov, “Controlled Supercontinua via Spatial Beam Shaping,” J. Mod. Opt. (arXiv:1705.10457), 2017. M. Shutova, A. A. Zhdanova, and A. V. Sokolov, “Detection of mixed OAM states via vortex breakup,” Phys. Lett. A, vol. 381, pp. 408–412, 2017. A. A. Zhdanova, M. Shutova, A. Bahari, and A. V. Sokolov, “Topological charge algebra of optical vortices in nonlinear interactions,” Opt. Expess, vol. 23, no. 26, pp. 34109–34117, 2015. K. Wang, A. Zhdanova, M. Zhi, X. Hua, and A. Sokolov, “Multicolored Femtosecond Pulse Synthesis Using Coherent Raman Sidebands in a Reflection Scheme,” Appl. Sci., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 145–156, 2015.

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