Alexandria University Medical Research Institute Department of Parasitology Ph D Degree Course title: Zoonosis Course code: 1707803 Final Exam ___________________________________________________________________________

Question 1: Write short notes on the following (30 marks, 1 hour)

1. Factors share in prevention and control of zoonotic infections

(5 Marks)

Student name: Semester: Autumn Academic year: 2019-2020 Time allowed: 60 minutes Date: 31/12/2019 Total marks: 60 marks

2. Challenges in Technical Impediments to Coordination (5 Marks)

3. Prevention in Immunocompromised Populations particularly pet

animals. (5 Marks)

4. Cysticercosis is considered as “tools-ready disease” according to

WHO. (Comment) (3 Marks)

5. Molecular epidemiology has suggested that cattle are not as

significant of a reservoir for human infections as was once

believed. (Explain) (2 Marks)

6. Zoonotic enteric protozoa (enumerate protozoa with its definitive,

intermediate and reservoir host and their mode of transmission)

(5 marks)

7. The causes, mode of infection and pathological consequences of

larva migrans. (5 marks)

Question no. 2: Choose the correct answer: (17.5 marks, 1/2 mark each)

1) Skin transmitted zoonosis includes the following infections

EXCEPT:

a) schistosomiasis

b) cysticercosis

c) ankylostomiasis

d) Scabies

2) Occupational hazard exposure increases with the following

situations :

a) Femal house wives

b) Hospital physicians

c) Veterinary staff

d) School teachers

3) Immune status suppression in zoonotic infections raises : a) Disease spread to others

b) morbidity

c) exposure risk

d) infection rate

4) In zoonotic infection transmission , biomes belong to the role of :

a) Environmental effects

b) Host factors

c) Animal affected

d) Human immunity

5) Zoonotic infection exposure may occur in the following EXCEPT :

a) Slaughterhouse workers

b) Zoo visitors

c) Farmers

d) Hunting activity

6) The following zoonotic parasitosis for human are soil transmitted

EXCEPT:

a) toxocariasis

b) taeniasis

c) toxoplasmosis

d) hydatidosis

7) Zoonotic parasitic infection controlled by good meat inspection is:

a) hydatidosis

b) Taeniasis

c) toxocariasis

d) ankylostomiasis

8) Reservoir control in waterborne transmission should be in the

following zoonosis :

a) Toxoplasmosis

b) Babesiasis

c) Leishmaniasis

d) Cryptosporidiosis

9) Zoonotic infectious diseases form -----of human pathogens now :

a) 40%

b) 50%

c) 60%

d) 70%

10) All measures to deal with waterborne zoonosis are related to :

a) Host factors

b) Human immunity

c) Environmental factors

d) Climate changes

11) Zoonotic infection spread is mostly could be by the

following method :

a) Faecal oral transmission

b) Occupational hazard

c) Vector transmission

d) Tissue inoculation

12) Infection by Toxoplasma gondii can be acquired by multiple

means:

a) Ingestion of oocysts from infected house cats.

b) Ingesting of sarcocysts in undercooked meat.

c) Accidental in the laboratory by the tachyzoite.

d) All the above.

13) Eating raw meat could be a cause for zoonotic infection

EXCEPT in :

a) Toxoplasmosis

b) Taeniasis

c) Trichnellosis

d) Toxocariasis

14) The only definitive host for Toxoplasma gondii is:

a) Cats

b) Other mammals and birds

c) Human

d) a&b

15) All the following parasitic infections of food animals at the

farm level rely on a variety of host feeding behaviors EXCEPT:

a) Toxoplasmosis

b) Cysticercosis

c) Trichinellosis.

d) Giardiasis

16) .……………. can be used to control cryptosporidiosis in

recreational water.

a) Ultraviolet light

b) Ozone

c) Chlorine

d) a&b

17) It causes reverse zoonosis: can be transmitted from man to

animal

a) Giardia duodenalis

b) Echinococcus granulosus

c) Heterophyiasis.

d) a& c

18) Which of the following is NOT true about Cryptosproidium:

a) Caused the largest outbreak of waterborne illness in US

history

b) A common intestinal parasite of many birds and animals

c) Excystation occurs within the small intestine

d) Extremely sensitive to disinfectants such as chlorine

19) Strict meat inspection regimens is useful in the control of the

following parasite:

a) Cycticercosis

b) Toxoplasmosis

c) Fascioliasis

d) Ttrypanosomiasis

20) Continues care and treatment of dogs and cats can control

the following parasites EXCEPT:

a) Toxoplasmosis

b) Fascioliasis

c) Ttrypanosomiasis

d) Echinostomiasis

21) To take off shoes before home entry is important in all the

following EXCEPT:

a) Taeniasis

b) Toxocariasis

c) Toxoplasmosis

d) Trichinellosis

22) Host factors affect human zoonotic transmission involve

those, EXCEPT:

a) Age

b) Immunity

c) Occupation

d) Biome

23) Environmental control for soil contamination is important in

cutaneous larva migrans caused by :

a) Toxocara spp.

b) Animal hookworms

c) Toxoplasmosis

d) Hydatidosis

24) What is the most prevalent protozoan disease in the world?

a) Amoebiasis

b) Balantidiosis

c) Malaria

d) Trypanosomiasis

25) Culex can transmit the following parasites EXCEPT:

a) wuchereria bancrofti

b) brugia malayi

c) Plasmodium falciparum

d) Bird malaria

26) Each of the following parasite is transmitted by mosquitoes

EXCEPT:

a) Leishmania donovani

b) Wucheria bancrofti

c) Plasmodium vivax

d) Plasmodium falciparum

27) …………… serve as an important reservoir of Leishmania?

a) Humans

b) Soil

c) Rodents

d) Dogs

28) In malaria, the form of plasmodia that is transmitted from

mosquito to human is the:

a) Sporozoite

b) Gametocyte

c) Merozoite

d) Hypnozoite

29) Each of the following statements concerning Ascaris

lumbricoides is correct EXCEPT:

a) Ascaris lumbricoides is one of the largest nematode

b) Ascaris lumbricoides can cause pneumonia

c) Both dogs and cats are intermediate host of Ascaris

lumbricoides

d) A lumbricoides is transmitted by ingestion of eggs

30) Each of the following statements concerning kala-azar is

correct EXCEPT:

a) Kala-azar is caused by leishmania donovani

b) kala-azar is transmitted by the bite of sandflies

c) Kala-azar occurs primarily in rural latin America

d) Kala-azar can be diagnosed by finding amastigotes in bone

marrow

31) Each of the following statements concerning Malaria is

correct EXCEPT:

a) The female anopheles mosquito is the vector

b) Early infection, sporozoites enter hepatocytes

c) Release of merozoites from red blood cells cause fever and

chills

d) The principal site of gametocyte formation is the human

gastrointestinal tract.

32) Anopheles can transmit :

a) Malaria

b) Lymphatic filariasis (wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi )

c) Viral encephalitis (Arbovirus )

d) All the above

33) ………. has wide host range: cats, dogs, amphibians and

rodents

a) Entamoeba

b) Malaria

c) Trypanosoma

d) Giardiasis

34) American trypanosomiasis (Chagas' disease) T.cruzi, vector:

Triatome bugs, reservoir hosts:

a) dogs, cats

b) cattle ,pigs

c) Opossums and armadillos.

d) a & c

35) The following protozoan is a zoonotic parasite:

a) Trypanosoma gambiense

b) Plasmodium malariae

c) Plasmodium knowlesi

d) Cryptosporidium hominis

Question no. 3: State whether (True) (a) or (False) (b) (12.5 marks, 1/2 mark each)

36. Trichinella pseudospiralis infects man.( )

37.The main natural hosts for Dirofilaria immitis are dogs and wild

canids. ( )

38. The domestic cycle of Trichinella spiralis includes the cat and the

pig. ( )

39. Infection of the man with Trichinella pseudospiralis leads to coin

lesions in the lung. ( )

40. Trichinella spiralis may lead to outbreaks when many people

consume the same pork meat. ( )

41. Tapeworm eggs survive temperatures between -50oC to 70oC but are

destroyed when exposed to -70 oC to 100 oC for brief periods of time ( )

42. Treatment or exclusion of asymptomatic carriers infected with

Giardia intestinalis is not effective for outbreak control and is not

recommended. ( )

43. An outbreak is defined as the occurrence of case(s) in a particular

area and period of time in shortage of the expected number of cases. ( )

44. The risk of acquiring Giardia infection from your dog or cat is

high and there are some steps you can take to minimize your

exposure. ( )

45. Direct sunlight can kill oocysts in 4 h to 8 h . ( )

—

46. Swine can be both definitive and intermediate hosts for cysticercosis.

( )

47. The Giardia cysts are infectious immediately upon being excreted in

feces of livestock. ( )

48. Mass chemotherapy of humans has become a feasible strategy for the

control of cysticercosis. ( )

—

49. Parasitic infections of food animals at the farm level rely on a variety

of host feeding behaviours, including garbage feeding, scavenging, and

cannibalism. ( )

—

50. The chronic T. gambiense form is found in Central and West Africa

and some animal can be found infected, the disease is maintained by

transmission between the insect vector and animals. ( )

51. If cryptosporidiosis is diagnosed among children, do not swim for at

least one week after diarrhea stops. ( )

52. The dog can transmit Schistosoma haematobium. ( )

53. Ankylostomiasis is a parasitic disease that can cause skin lesion ( )

54. Dog has a role in transmission of taeniasis. ( )

55. Cattle is a reservoir for Cysticercosis. ( )

56. The reservoir host of Angiostrongylus cantonensis is the rodent ( )

57. Anisakis and Diphyllibothrium latum can be transmitted by eating raw

meat. ( )

58. Amoebiasis can cause reverse zoonosis. ( )

59. An arthropod has a role in the transmission of Hymenolepis diminuta ( )

60. Baylisascaris procyonis is a parasite of raccoon. ( )

Good luck