alliances draw lines because of distrust among nations, two large alliances emerged—the triple...
TRANSCRIPT
Alliances Draw Lines
Because of distrust among nations, two large alliances emerged—the Triple Alliance of Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary and the Triple Entente of France, Russia, and Britain.
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World War I and the Russian RevolutionSection 1: The Great War Begins
Rivalries and Nationalism Increase Tension
Economic rivalries, struggles over colonies, arms races, and aggressive nationalism pushed Europe toward war.
What countries belonged to which alliance?
Why did these countries enter into alliances?
The Powder Keg Ignites
In Sarajevo, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the nephew of the Austrian emperor was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist, causing Austria (backed by Germany) to declare war on Serbia. This area is known as the Balkans.
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World War I and the Russian RevolutionSection 1: The Great War Begins
Alliances Kick In
Serbia enlisted the help of its ally, Russia, which brought France along with it into the war. Britain joined the war when Germany invaded neutral Belgium.
What was the “Powder Keg” of Europe?
What year did the war start and what year did it end?
World War I and the Russian Revolution: Section 1Note Taking Transparency 169
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World War I and the Russian Revolution: Section 1Color Transparency 157: The Schlieffen Plan
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What is the purpose of the Schlieffen Plan?
World War I and the Russian Revolution: Section 2The new use of machine guns, artillery guns, poison gas, tanks, airplanes and submarines all changed the tactics required to win the war.
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Morale CollapsesWith mounting death tolls and massive food shortages in most of Europe and Russia, plus lack of industrialization at home, troops began to desert their posts. In Russia, a revolution erupted that would bring Vladmir.I. Lenin to power. He pulled Russia out of World War I.
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World War I and the Russian RevolutionSection 3: Winning the War
The United States Declares WarWhen Germany announced they would resume unrestricted submarine warfare and the German foreign minister was discovered soliciting Mexico’s help against the United States, President Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany.
What was the result of Russia withdrawing from the war?
What was the German solicitation of Mexico called?
Victory at Last
The United States entered the war on the side of the Allies
partly due to economic considerations. When fresh troops
arrived in Europe by the thousands, the weary German forces
were no match. Austria-Hungary were also unraveling and its
subject nations seized the moment to revolt.
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World War I and the Russian RevolutionSection 3: Winning the War
The Costs of War
Influenza had spread among the troops at the end of the war and went home with them to their families and neighbors. The loss of lives from the flu (20 million worldwide) and the war and the costs of rebuilding war-ravaged cities made some countries and colonies vulnerable to revolt. There were approximately 30 million casualties and the war cost about $338 billion.
The reason that World War I saw more death and destruction than any other European was due to the advances in warfare technology since the Industrial Revolution.
What were “costs of the war”?
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World War I and the Russian RevolutionSection 4: Making the Peace
The Paris Peace Conference
The Allies met in Paris to decide what the outcome of the war would be for Europe. President Wilson wanted to advance his Fourteen Points, which would bring “peace without victory.” The guiding principle behind the Fourteen Points was self-determination for Eastern Europe. The British Prime Minister wanted to rebuild England on a grand scale, while France’s leader wanted to see Germany punished.
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World War I and the Russian RevolutionSection 4: Making the Peace
The Treaty of Versailles
Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles, which narrowed German borders and as well as saddling the country with the costs of war reparations. For a country whose economy was already reeling, the debt would prove too costly. Germany was also given primary responsibility for the war.
World War I and the Russian Revolution: Section 4What was a legacy of the Treaty of Versailles?
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The Outcome of the Peace Settlements
Other treaties also went into effect. In Eastern Europe, the Allies created new nations, such as Poland and Yugoslavia. Previously German-ruled colonies in Africa and Asia were administered by other Western powers.
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World War I and the Russian RevolutionSection 4: Making the Peace
The League of Nations
The League of Nations was also established, although without U.S. participation. Critics felt that the League of Nations would not be able to keep peace or last long.
Why did the U.S. not participate in the League of Nations?
World War I: The Warring PowersA. Austria-Hungary
B. Great Britain
C. France
D. Italy
E. Germany
F. Russia
G. Spain
H. Ottoman Empire
I. Portugal
J. Greece
K. Sweden
L. SwitzerlandWhich countries belong to the Central Powers and which belong to the Allied Powers?
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