alt. use of animals

7/30/2019 Alt. Use of Animals

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ALTERNATE USE OF

ANIMALS

. By - Agnivesh Sharma ,2010V01B

REPLACEMENTOFANIMALS


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What are the alternatives?

Reduction

Refinement

Replacement

Rehabilitation

Responsibility


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THE 3 Rs Replacement:-refers to the preferred use of non-

animal methods over animal methods whenever it

is possible to achieve the same scientific aim.

Reduction:-refers to methods that enableresearchers to obtain comparable levels of

information from fewer animals, or to obtain moreinformation from the same number of animals.

Refinement:-refers to methods that minimizepotential pain, suffering or distress, and enhance

animal welfare .


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MODEL FROG TO DEMONSTRATE

DISSECTION


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REPLACEMENT

Replacementmeans replacing 'higher'animals with 'lower' animals.Microorganisms, plants, eggs, reptiles,amphibians, and invertebrates may be usedin some studies to replace warm-bloodedanimals.

Alternately, live animals may be replacedwith non-animal models, such as dummiesfor an introduction to dissection .


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REPLACEMENT ALTERNATIVES (3)

Absolute replacement: No need to use animals(cell lines, human or invertebrate cells andtissues) no need to test for skin irritation if pH 11.5 no need to test for eye irritation if the

chemical is a skin irritant

Relative replacement: Humane killing of animalsto provide cells or tissues for in vitrostudies

Partial replacement: e.g. use of non-animal

methods as prescreens in toxicity testing


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REPLACEMENT ALTERNATIVES

Direct replacement: e.g. human or guinea pig skin isused in vitroto replace guinea pig tests in vivo

Indirect replacement: e.g. Limulusamoebocyte lysate(LAL) test or a test based on whole human blood is used to

replace rabbit pyrogen tests


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Efficient use of existing information

Insilicomethods (computer simulations,

mathematical models) Invitromethods: isolated organs

tissue slices

tissue cultures

cell culturessubcellular fractions

Lower organisms


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CURRENT USE OF


Safety testing of chemicals

Local toxicity Genotoxicity

Screening tests

Quality control and potency testing ofvaccines

Production of monoclonal antibodies


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ALTERNATIVES IN TESTING

1 (Scanning Techniques)

MRI(Magnatic resonance imaging)-Human

scans obtained with this technique

AUTOPSY - Help in carry out biomedical

research


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This form of testing has established itself as one ofthe successful alternative to the use of animals, invivo.

Few of the important areas where cell culture canreplace animal experimentation are tests conductedfor chemical absorption by skin, phytotoxicity, skincorrosion, etc.

Cell Culture


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One of the alternatives to animal testing is the use ofcomputer simulation, which is increasingly becoming aviable alternative to animal testing.

Crash test dummies/computer operated mannequinsare used for the computer simulation tests. Suchcomputer operated mannequins are installed with internalsensors. The use of pigs for crash testing has beenreplaced by these dummies.

COMPUTER SIMULATION


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Well-known/common instances of human-based testing are

found in areas like pyrogenicity, skinirritation, etc. Thepyrogens which affect immune system cells are responsible for

conditions like fever and inflammation. Instead of making use ofanimal cells, the human donated cells are used as an

alternative.

Human-based Testing


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,

one of the alternatives to animal testing is

used in finding medicines for skin irritation;

the test which is used in Canada replacesanimal testing by human volunteers without

inflicting any side-effects on their health.

The skin patch test


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ALTERNATIVES IN EDUCATION

3-D MODELS & MECHANICAL SIMULATORS

FILM & INTERACTIVE VIDEO

COMPUTER SIMULATION & VIRTUAL

REALITY

MATERIALS FROM SLAUGHTER HOUSE &FISHERIES

IN-VITRO STUDIES ON CELL LINES


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RESUSCI DOG Resusci-Dog, a plastic mannequin linked to a

computer,

can simulate an arterial pulse, and pressure can beapplied to its rib cage for cardiac massage orcardiopulmonary resuscitation

Resusci-Dog has replaced

about 100 dogs per year in the training of veterinarystudents at the New York State College

of Veterinary Medicine.


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How can we progress towards fullreplacement, full 3R?

Build more complex in vitro systems (3D

Models ,bioreactors, artificial organs)

Understand how chemicals disturb biologicalpathways and

how this disturbance is transmitted throughthe system


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Thanks for your attention

Please save theAnimals
http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/305000/images/_309851_rat150.jpg

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