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INSTALLATION, CLEANING & MAINTENANCE

This manual must be read in conjunction with the Wispeco System Manuals and the Performance Certificates for the relevant system. Disclaimer: The right to make alterations is reserved © 2013 Wispeco (Pty) Ltd, All Rights Reserved 1

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INSTALLATION

CLEANING

MAINTENANCE

of

Wispeco products

(Revision 8 – Feb 2015)



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Table of Contents DISCLAIMER ............................................................................................................................................. 4

1. INSTALLATION ......................................................................................................................... 5

1.1. Fixing Principals ....................................................................................................................... 5

1.1.1. General Fundamentals .................................................................................................... 5

1.2. Drilling ..................................................................................................................................... 6

1.3. Installation Calculations .......................................................................................................... 7

1.4. Principle of Function ............................................................................................................... 7

1.5. Method.................................................................................................................................... 8

1.5.1. Windows ......................................................................................................................... 8

1.6. General .................................................................................................................................. 10

1.6.1. Shop Fronts: .................................................................................................................. 10

1.7. Technical Data ....................................................................................................................... 14

1.7.1. PLUG S ................................................................................................................................... 14

1.7.1.1. Overview ....................................................................................................................... 14

1.7.2. PLUG SX ................................................................................................................................. 16

1.7.2.1. Overview ....................................................................................................................... 16

1.7.2.2. Advantages .................................................................................................................... 17

1.7.2.3. Installation ............................................................................................................................ 17

1.7.4. Loads ................................................................................................................................. 20

1.7.5. Window Frame Fixing F-S .................................................................................................. 21

1.7.6. Installation ........................................................................................................................ 22

1.7.7. Recommended and Mean Ultimate Loads ....................................................................... 23

1.8. References ............................................................................................................................ 23

1.9. Glazing Procedure: ................................................................................................................ 24

1.10. General Notice: SAGGA Regulations ................................................................................. 27

2. CLEANING .............................................................................................................................. 30

2.1. Aluminium ............................................................................................................................. 30

2.1.1. Anodised Aluminium ......................................................................................................... 30

2.1.2. Powder Coated Aluminium: .............................................................................................. 31

2.2. Glass ...................................................................................................................................... 31



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2.2.1. Cleaning instructions for glass: ......................................................................................... 31

2.2.2. Cleaning instructions for reflective Low-E glass: .............................................................. 32

2.2.3. Cleaning instructions for Energy Saving glass: .................................................................. 33

2.2.4. Cleaning instructions for Sunergy glass products: ............................................................ 36

2.3. Stainless Steel Components: ................................................................................................. 37

2.4. EN AC 46100 Aluminium Alloy used in the Manufactory of Hardware Items: ................... 42

3.1. Wispeco Product Maintenance: ............................................................................................ 45

Casement Windows: ......................................................................................................................... 45

Sliding Windows: ............................................................................................................................... 45

Vertical Slider: ................................................................................................................................... 45

Sliding Doors: .................................................................................................................................... 45

Shower Doors: ................................................................................................................................... 45

Sliding Folding Bottom Rolling Door: ................................................................................................ 45

Sliding Folding Top Hung Sliding Door: ............................................................................................. 45

Shopfront System: ............................................................................................................................. 45

Louvres: ............................................................................................................................................. 45

Insect Screen: .................................................................................................................................... 45

Garage Door: ..................................................................................................................................... 45

Curtain Wall System: ......................................................................................................................... 45

Balustrade: ........................................................................................................................................ 45

3.2. Maintenance Procedures ...................................................................................................... 46

3.2.1. Casement Windows .......................................................................................................... 46

3.2.3. Vertical Sliding Window .................................................................................................... 47

3.2.4. Sliding Doors ..................................................................................................................... 47

3.2.5. Sliding/Folding Doors Bottom Rolling ............................................................................... 47

3.2.6. Sliding/Folding Doors Top Hung ........................................................................................ 48

3.2.7. Shop Fronts ....................................................................................................................... 48

3.2.8. Hinged Doors ..................................................................................................................... 48

3.2.9. Pivot Doors ........................................................................................................................ 49

3.2.10. Louvres .............................................................................................................................. 49

3.2.11. Façade 60 .......................................................................................................................... 49



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3.2.12. Tilt & Turn Windows/Doors .............................................................................................. 49

3.2.13. Tilt & Slide Door ................................................................................................................ 49

3.2.14. Shower Doors .................................................................................................................... 50

3.2.15. AlDoor Garage Doors ........................................................................................................ 50

3.2.16. Insect Screen ..................................................................................................................... 50

3.2.17. Hatch System (bottom rolling sliding system) .................................................................. 51

3.2.18. York Balustrade ................................................................................................................. 51

3.2.18. Wrap Putty glazed window………………………………………………………………………….……………….49

3.2.18. Infinity Internal Patition system ........................................................................................ 50

3.2.18. Guardian Door ................................................................................................................... 50

DISCLAIMER

The products must have been installed correctly according to product specifications and maintained in

accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations. Where Wispeco’s products are incorporated into

another entity’s product or system or used for any purpose other than the intended use, or, where there

has been clear abuse of the product or where natural disasters or unusual external environmental factors

have resulted in damage, or, where the product has been altered in any way without Wispeco’s

knowledge, Wispeco cannot be held liable for any defect.



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1. INSTALLATION 1.1. Fixing Principals

1.1.1. General Fundamentals

1.1.1.1. Building Material

The substrate and its quality are decisive for selection of the fixing: the building material and anchor base. A differentiation is made between concrete, masonry and panel building materials.

a) Concrete is building material containing cement, which can be divided into two sub-categories: Standard concrete and lightweight concrete. While standard concrete contains gravel, lightweight concrete comprises of additives like pumice, expanded clay or stryopore, usually with lower compressive strength. Because if this, among other things unfavorable conditions occur for anchoring fixings.

The magnitude of the bearing force of a heavy-load fixing depends, among other things on the compressive strength of the concrete. This is indicated by the numbers in the short designations: e.g. the most frequently occurring concrete strength C 20/25 has a compressive strength of 25N/mm2 when a sample 150mm cube is crushed in a test machine.

b) Masonry building materials. Masonry is a composite of blocks and mortar. The compressive strength of the blocks is usually higher than that of the mortar, especially in old buildings. Therefore, as much as possible, fixing should be anchored in the masonry block. Regarding fixing in masonry, often the bricks itself are the weakest part of the system. Therefore the exact load depends on the condition of the masonry.

Generally, four groups of masonry blocks are differentiated:

a) Solid blocks with dense structure are building materials that are very resistant to compressive loads

without cavities or with only a low percentage of hole surfaces (up to max. 15%, e.g. as grip-hole).

They are very well suited for anchoring fixings.

Solid sand-lime brick

Solid blocks, also known as brick or clinker brick

b) Perforated blocks with a compact structure (perforated and hollow checker bricks). These are mostly

manufactured from the same compressive strength materials as solid blocks but are provided with

cavities. If higher loads are introduced into these building materials, special fixings should be used, e.g.

those which bridge or fill out the cavities.

Horizontal perforated blocks and vertical perforated blocks are often termed latticed or honeycomb blocks

Sand-lime perforated blocks, sand-lime hollow blocks



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c) Solid blocks with porous structure usually have a very large number of pores and low compressive

strength. Therefore, special fixings should be used for optimal fastening, e.g. fixing with long

expansion zone and fixings that engage with the material.

Solid blocks of light concrete, solid blocks of expanding clay, e.g. “Liapor”, “Gisoton”

Aerated concrete, e.g. “Ytong”, “Hebel”

d) Perforated blocks with porous structure (light perforated bricks) have many cavities and pores and

thus usually low compressive strength. In this case, special care is needed in selection and installation

of the correct fixing. Suitable fixings include those with a long expansion zone or injection anchors

with a form locking anchorage - especially with light concrete hollow blocks, with cavities that can be

filled with polystyrene.

Light concrete hollow blocks, e.g. of purnice or expanding clay

Panel building materials are thin-walled construction materials that frequently have only strength - e.g. plasterboard panels like “Rigips”, Knauf”, “LaGyp”, “Norgips”, gypsum fireboard like “Fermacell” or “Rigicell” or chipboard, hard particle board, plywood, etc. For optimum fastening, special fixings have to be selected: cavity fixing as they are called. These are fixings of plastic or metal and expand on the reverse side - fixing engaging with form locking that can anchor directly on the reverse side of the panel in the cavity.

Drilling

The building material is critical for drilling - four methods are available:

a) Rotary drilling: Drilling in rotation without impact for perforated

blocks and construction materials with low strength so that the hole does not become too large and/or the webs in the perforated blocks don’t break.

b) Impact drilling: Rotation and a high number of light impacts with

the impact drilling machine, for solid building materials with dense structure

c) Hammer drilling: Rotation and a small number of impacts with high

impact energy with the drilling hammer, also for solid building materials with dense structure

Panel Building Materials



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d) Diamond or core drilling process: Mainly used for large hole diameters or with greater reinforcement.

One more tip on drilling without impact: Carbide drill bits drill faster if they are ground sharp, similar to steel drill bits. There are also special masonry drill bits available.

1.2. Installation Calculations

Generally, the following aspects have to be considered during installation: The calculation of the maximum working load from the failure loads and/or the characteristics loads are carried out by dividing the respective failure loads by a safety factor:

Max. working load =

Failure load (F)

Safety factor

() Recommended safety factor Compared to the average failure load:

- Steel and bonded anchors 4

- Plastic fixing 7 Compared to the characteristic failure loads:

- Steel and bonded anchors 3

- Plastic fixing 5 Example of a steel fixing with a failure load of 40kN: FGebr. = 40kN/4 = 10kN These safety factors are standard recommendations and are only to be used for fixings if northing different is

indicated in the tables of this catalogue. With approved fixings, the safety factor can be decreased to = 2.52 by using many test series: This means that the utilization can be optimized with the use of approved fixings.

1.3. Principle of Function There are different bearing mechanisms that transfer the forces that act on the fixing into the base material.

a) With friction connection: The expansion part of the fixing is pressed against the whole wall: The outer tensile loads are held by friction. b) With form locking: The fixing geometry matches the shape of the substrate and/or of the drill hole.

Standard Carbide Drill Sharply Ground Carbide Drill



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c) With adhesive bond: The mortar adheres the fixing with the anchor base

1.4. Method

1.4.1. Windows

a) Using an extruded aluminium fixing lug: This allows the window to be factory glazed and wrapped. Most commonly used when the inside reveal is to be plastered after fixing, therefore concealing the lug. Use a minimum 6 x 35mm HPS anchor.

b) Using a plug and screw: Counter sunk screw-fixing through the frame of unglazed windows. This method is used to fit a window to a face-brick reveal therefore glazing and plastic wrap is done on site. Use a minimum 5 x 75mm stainless steel or plated woodscrew.

TYPICAL

CASEMENT

High Performance

Anchor FH

Zykon push-through

anchor FZA-D

Universal Fixing UX

Fixing SX

Reaction Anchor R



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WINDOWS FASTENING POSITION

The window is fixed into position - the sill is then built at a later stage - the bottom lugs can be left in

place but it is often found that most times the mason either bends them out of its way or breaks

them off. This practically means that most windows are only secured on 3 sides.



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1.5. General

1.5.1. Shop Fronts:

a) Using an aluminium strap: Reveal to be plastered after installation - use a minimum 6 x 35mm HPS Anchor.

b) Using plug and screw:

Counter sunk screw-fixed through the frame (See methods A & B)



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Recommend positions of fixing lugs - see attached drawings:

Spacers:

TYPICAL SHOPFRONT FASTENING POSITIONS



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Typical Vertical Sliding Window Fastening Typical Pivot Window Fastening Positions

TYPICAL HORIZONTAL SLIDING WINDOW & DOORS



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1.6. Technical Data

1.6.1. PLUG S

1.6.1.1. Overview

a) Suitable for:

Concrete

Natural stone with dense structure

Solid brick


Solid block made from lightweight concrete

S-Plug Wood

Screw

Chipboard Screw



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Hollow concrete blocks, etc.

b) For fixing of:

Pictures

Motion detectors

Lamps

Skirting

Electric switches

Small wall-mounted shelves

Towel rails

Lightweight mirror cabinets

Letter boxes

Hanging baskets

Curtain rails

c) Description:

Nylon expansion fixing

For use with wood-chipboard and self-tapping screws (see chapter safety-screws)

d) Advantages/Benefits:

Anti-rotation lugs stop the plug rotating in the drill.

The wide neck is subject to no expansion pressure and prevents surface damage to tiles and plaster.

Temperature-resistant from -40⁰C to +80⁰C.

Can be used with wood, slabs made of perforated bricks, hollow concrete blocks

etc.

For installations close to the edge we recommend turning the plug in a way that the

direction of expansion acts parallel to the edge.



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1.6.2. PLUG SX

1.6.2.1. Overview

a) Suitable for:

Concrete

Pre-stressed hollow-core concrete slab


Solid brick



Aircrete

Solid panel made from gypsum

Vertically perforated brick

Perforated sand-lime block

Hollow block made from lightweight concrete

Slabs made of perforated bricks

Hollow concrete blocks. Etc.

b) For fixing of:

Pictures

Motion detectors

Lamps

Slortomg

Electric switches

Small wall-mounted shelves

Towel rails

Lightweight mirror cabinets

Letter boxes

Hanging baskets

Curtain rails

d) Description

Nylon expansion fixing.

For use with wood, chipboard, and self-tapping screws (see chapter safety-screws)

SX long versions for higher anchoring depth in perforated building materials, aircrete and to bridge plaster.

e) Advantages/Benefits

4-way expansions form lock guarantees highest grip.

Plug SX

Chipboard Screw Wood Screw

Universal Spacing Screw ASL



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Anti-rotation lugs prevent the plug rotating in the drill hole.

The special spread-free neck prevents damage of tiles and plaster.

Simple and quick push-through installation reduces installation time

Integrated hammer-in-stop enables - with pre-assembled screw- push-through installation.

The fixing’s collar prevents it slipping deeper into the drilled hole.

Temperature-resistant from -40 to +80C.

The plug’s geometry allows the use of wood and chipboard screws between 2 and 12mm.

1.6.2.2. Advantages

1.6.2.3. Installation

a) Type of installation

Pre-positioned and push-through installation.

b) Installation information

The required screw length is given by the anchorage depth, the thickness of the fixture and the screw diameter.



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Push-through installation requires the largest possible screw diameter.

Drill only in a rotary motion (hammer switched off) in perforated and hollow bricks

and aerated concrete.

For safety relevant applications under permanent tensile load, nylon plugs are not

allowed. Therefore nylon plugs may not be used for suspensions from the ceiling like

lightings.

Pre-Positioned Installation:

Push-through installation

1.6.3. Technical

Data

Type

Art.No ID Drill d0 (mm)

Min drill hole depth t

(mm)

Plug length - min. anchoring depth

Chipboard screw

ds x lx (Ø mm)

Qty. per box

Pcs

l= hef (mm)

SX 4 x 20 70004 4 4 25 20 2 - 3 200

SX 5 x 25 70005 1 5 35 25 3 - 4 100

SX 6 x 30 70006 8 6 40 30 4 - 5 100

SX 6 x 50* 24827 0 6 60 50 4 - 5 100

SX 6 x 50R 78185 2 6 60 50 4 - 5 100

SX 8 x 40 70008 2 8 50 40 4.5 - 6 100

SX 8 x 65 24828 7 8 75 65 4.5 - 6 50

SX 10 x 50 70010 5 10 70 50 6 - 8 50

SX 10 x 80 24829 4 10 95 80 6 - 8 25

SX 12 x 60 70012 9 12 80 60 8 - 10 25

SX 14 x 70 70014 3 14 90 70 10 - 12 20

SX 16 x 80 70016 7 16 100 80 12 (½”) 10

*Without collar

Plug SX – Long Version



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Type

Plug SX

with chipboard

screw

ID Drill d0

(mm)

Min drill hole

depth t (mm)

Plug length - min.

anchoring depth

Max. useable length

tfix (mm)

Chipboard screw ds x lx

(Ø mm)

Qty. per box Pcs l= hef

(mm)

SX 6 x 30 S/10

70021 1 6 40 30 10 4.5 x 40 50

SX 8 x 40 S/20

70022 8 8 50 40 20 5 x 60 50

Plug SX



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1.6.4. Loads

Recommended loads Nrec [kN] and mean ultimate loads Uu [kN]. These values apply to the use of wood screws with the given screw diameter. When use chipboard screws these values should be reduced by 30%.

Fixing type SX 5x25 SX 6x30 SX 6x50

SX 6x50R SX 8x40 SX 8 x 65 SX 10x50 SX 10x80 SX 12x60 SX 14x70 SX 16x80

Wood screw diameter (mm)

4 5 5 6 6 8 8 10 12 12

Substrate Nrec Nu Nrec Nu Nrec Nu Nrec Nu Nrec Nu Nrec Nu Nrec Nu Nrec Nu Nrec Nu Nrec Nu

Concrete C12/C15

0.3 2.00 0.7 4.9 0.8 5.8 0.7 8.5 0.7 5.0 1.2 8.5

1.2 8.5 1.7 12.0 2.0 14.1 2.6 18.0

Solid brick Mz12 (DIN105)

0.3 1.6 0.3 2.2 0.6 4.4 0.65 4.5 0.6 4.1 0.65 4.5

1.2 8.5 0.7 5.0 0.8 5.6 0.9 6.9

Solid sand-lime

brick KS12 (DIN106)

0.3 2.0 0.5 3.5 0.8 5.4 1.2 8.5 0.6 4.2 1.2 8.5

1.2 8.5 1.7 12.0 2.0 14.1 2.6 18.0

Vertical perf.

brick Hlz12 (p 1.0 kg/dm3

(DIN105)

0.07 0.5 0.07 0.5 - - 0.17 1.2 0.17 1.2 0.17 1.2

0.5 3.5 0.26 1.8 0.4 3.1 0.6 4.1

Perforated sand-

lime brick KSL12 (DIN106)

0.17 1.2 0.3 2.1 0.3 2.7 0.3 2.0 0.35 2.3 0.3 2.0

0.8 5.5 0.3 2.0 0.3 2.2 0.4 2.8

Aerated concrete

PB2 0.03 0.2 0.03 0.2 - - 0.09 0.6 0.04 0.3 0.09

0.6

0.2 1.4 0.14 1.0 0.3 2.2 0.4 2.8

Aerated concrete

PB2 0.09 0.6 0.09 0.6 0.15 1.0 0.3 2.0 0.14 1.0 0.3

2.0

0.6 4.2 0.45 3.1 0.5 3.4 0.6 4.0

Due to large range of scatter of the test results being unsuitable, the failure of the substrate varies greatly therefore no reproducible values can be given



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Distance from component edges (edge and corner distance ar) in concrete

Fixing Screw diameter

(mm)

Edge/Corner distance (mm)

SX 6 x 30 5 35

SX 8 x 40 6 40

SX 10 x 50 8 50

SX 12 x 60 10 65

1.7.5. Window Frame Fixing F-S

Window frame fixing F-S

a) Suitable for:

Concrete


Solid brick



Aircrete

Solid panel made from gypsum

Vertical perforated brick

Perforated sand-lime block

Hollow block made from lightweight concrete

b) For fixing of:

Windows

Door frames

Squared timbers

c) Description

Nylon window frame fixing

By tightening the screw, the glass-fibre reinforced plastic cone is drawn into the sleeve, whereby the fixing is expanded and wedge inside the drill hole

d) Advantages/Benefits

The sleeve is made of polyamide (nylon) for secure anchoring even in fragile building materials.

The principle of installation prevents window frames from being pulled against the substrate.

Locking lugs on the edge of the fixing provide strong joint resistance to both compressive and tensile loads: particularly with metal and plastic hollow sections



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The plastic sleeve avoids contact corrosion and thermal bridges between metal window frames and the fixing screw.

Cover capes to conceal fixing

1.6.6. Installation

a) Type of installation Push-through installation

F-S- with zinc-plated countersunk screw and cross-drive recess Z3

Type Art.No ID Drill-Ø

d0 (mm)

Min drill hole

depth td

(mm)

Effect anchorage

depth Anchor length

l (mm)

Max. unusable

length T fix

(mm)

Plug edge

(Ømm)

Qty. per box Pcs

hef (mm)

F 8 S 100

88635 9 8 115 40 100 50 10 550

F 8 S 120

88636 6 8 135 40 120 70 10 50

F 8 S 140

88637 3 8 155 40 140 90 10 50

10 S 75

88625 0 10 90 50 75 15 12 50

F 10 S 100

88626 7 10 115 50 100 40 12 50

F 10 S 120

88627 4 10 135 50 120 60 12 50

F 10 S 140

88628 1 10 155 50 140 80 12 50

F 10 S 165

88629 8 10 180 50 165 105 12 50

Screw head Ø 10mm and 12mm



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Cover caps for F - S Cross recess Z Countersunk screws

Type Art.No ID Cap

(Ømm) Qty. per box

Pcs.

ADF 12W White 60275 1 12 100

1.6.7. Recommended and Mean Ultimate Loads

Recommended loads Nrec [kN] and mean ultimate loads Nu [kN]

Type F 8 S F 10 S

Substrate Nrec Nu Nrec Nu

Concrete B25 0.78 3.1 1.48 5.9

Solid Mz 12 0.90 3.6 1.25 5.0

Solid sand-lime brick KS12 0.90 3.6 1.25 5.0

Solid brick made from lightweight concrete

V2

0.25 1.0

Perforated sand-lime brick KSL 6 0.25 1.0

1.7. References

1. Euro Inox - The European Stainless Steel Development Association ISBN 2-87997-052-0, © Euro Inox 2002, 2003

2. AAAMSA - SELECTION GUIDE FOR BASIC FASTENING POSITIONS OF SIMPLE FENESTRATION

APPLICATIONS (October 2009)



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FIGURE 2 – POSITION OF SETTING AND LOCATION BLOCKS

1.9. Glazing Procedure:

1.9.1 Glass Setting Blocks

Glass-to-metal contact must be avoided at all times by using setting and location blocks having a

shore hardness of 50 to 90. Use only blocks made of Neoprene, EPDM, Silicone or other elastomeric

material.

Setting blocks are to have a minimum thickness of 3mm and must be at least 27mm in length per

square metre of glass area.

In the event of laminated glass and/or sealed insulated glass unit’s drainage is to be provided to

prevent the glass edge from being submerged. Two or more 7mm diameter holes or 5mm x 9mm

slotted holes, or larger, are to be equally spaced in the sill section of sash or frame to allow for such

ventilation/drainage.

The position of the setting and location blocks is illustrated in Figure 2.



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1.9.2 Glass Setting Blocks – Double Glazing



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1.9.3 Glazing Procedure

Insert the pull-in vinyl gasket into glazing

beads by sliding or pressing it into the

groove (1). Before cutting gasket, ensure

that it has not stretched and cut 6mm

longer so that corners are in compression

at all times.

Position bottom glazing bead in glazing

bead rebate (2).

Place glass on glazing blocks (3).

Insert top and then side glazing beads

ensuring that they are in correctly.

Starting from top centre, insert roll in

gasket (4) without stretching it (5). Stop

150mm from corner and partly cut gasket

6mm longer than the edge of the vertical

bead. Insert gasket at corner and then roll

in remaining 150mm. Repeat this on the

other sides. Where gasket ends meet, cut

gasket 6mm longer. Insert cut ends first

and complete.



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General Notice: SAGGA Regulations

Contractors involved with the installation of glazing products are advised that the Minister of Trade

& Industry Gazetted the following rules on 30 May 2008 being effective from 1 October 2008.

Installations will be inspected in accordance with SANS 10400-Part N: 2012 Edition 3.1 as follows:

1.9.1. External Glazing – Structures not exceeding 10m in height (3 storeys)

Vertical Glazing supported all round

Maximum Pane sizes in sq. m

Nominal Glass Thickness (mm) 3 4 5 6 8 10 12

Monolithic Annealed Glass 0.75 1.5 2.1 3.2 4.6 6.0 6.0

Patterned Annealed & Wired Glass - 0.75 1.2 1.9 2.6 3.4 -

Laminated Annealed Safety Glass - - - 2.9 4.3 5.7 5.7

Toughened Safety Glass - 1.9 3.0 4.5 8.0 8.0 8.0

Vertical Glazing – Two opposite sides supported

Maximum Pane sizes in m


Monolithic Annealed Glass - 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.85 1.0 1.3




1.9.2. Internal Glazing

Vertical Glazing all round supported

Maximum Pane sizes in sq. m


Monolithic Annealed Glass 0.75 1.5 2.1 3.2 4.6 6.0 6.0




Vertical Glazing – Two opposite sides supported

Maximum Pane sizes in m

Nominal Glass Thickness (mm)

3 4 5 6 8 10 12

Monolithic Annealed Glass - 0.65 0.8 0.95 1.3 1.55 2.0

Patterned Annealed & Wired Glass

- 0.4 0.48 0.57 0.78 0.9 -



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Laminated Annealed Safety Glass

- - - 0.9 1.25 1.5 1.95


Minimum Glass Fin Dimensions

Fin Height

in m

Internal External Note: A butt joint is assumed to have no structural strength. Accordingly panels, which incorporate a butt joint, are not considered to be supported on four sides. A glass fin is necessary to provide the support at the joint so that the pane can be considered to be supported along four sides. Should no fin be in place selection of glass must be in accordance with Tables 12.1 or 12.2 above.

1.5 150 x 12 150 x 15

2 150 x 12 150 x 19

2.5 150 x 12 175 x 19

3 175 x 15 200 x 25

3.5 225 x 15 275 x 25

4 275 x 15 300 x 25

1.9.3. Framing (irrespective of material type)

Glazing shall comply with all the requirements of SANS 613 for the wind and impact loads as

determined in accordance with the requirements of SANS 10400-B by a Competent Person

(Structures). Obtain AAMSA Performance Test Certificate to confirm compliance with SANS 613.

Note: Minimum wind load for external application 1000Pa (A1). Internal application 600Pa.

Dimensions for flat frameless glass shower enclosures

Toughened safety glass thickness mm

Maximum panel size m2

Doors and panels supporting doors Fixed Panels

6 1.6 2.1

8 2 3.3

10 2.2 4.00

Note: This table does not apply to curved glass

1.9.4. Safety Glazing (Obtain SAGGA Certificate of Conformance confirming compliance)

1.9.4.1. The performance of safety glazing material shall be in accordance with the

requirements of SANS 1263-1 and the individual panes of safety glazing material shall be

permanently marked by the installer in such a manner that the markings are visible after

installation.

1.9.5. Safety glazing material that complied with SANS 1263-1 shall be used where:

1.9.5.1. Doors and sidelights form part of any entrance up to 2100mm from finished

floor level.

1.9.5.2. A window has a sill height of less than 500mm from the floor or external

ground level.

1.9.5.3. A window has a sill height of less than 800mm from the floor or external

ground level without any permanent barrier that prevents persons from coming into



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contact with the glass panel, and is so placed that persons are likely, on normal traffic

routes, to move directly towards such window.

Note: A barrier could be any feature, i.e. a heavy bar across a window or a flower box placed in front

of the window, which will provide a physical or visual barrier between the glass and a person.

1.9.6. A bath enclosure or shower cubicle is glazed, or where glazing occurs immediately

above and within a distance of 1800mm horizontally or vertically from a bath or shower.

1.9.7. Glazing is used in any shop front or display window within 2100mm from the

finished floor level.

1.9.8. Glazing is used in any wall or balustrade to (or immediately adjacent to) a stairway,

ramp, landing, pathway, patio, veranda or balcony.

1.9.9. Glazing is used within 1800mm of the pitch line of a stairway or the surface of a

ramp, landing, pathway, patio, veranda or balcony.

1.9.10. Glazing applications are sloped or are horizontal.

1.9.11. A mirror is installed as a facing to a cupboard door less than 800mm above floor

level and there is no solid backing.

1.9.12. Glazing is used around areas such as swimming pools and ice rinks, and

1.9.13. Glazing is used in internal partitions, within 2100mm of floor level.

1.9.14. All glazing for occupancy or building classification is A3 (places of instruction), E1

(place of detention), E2 (hospital) and E3 (other institutional (residential buildings)) and H2

(dormitory), where such is associated with a building of occupancy classification A3, E1, E2

or E3 (see SANS 10400-A) shall be safety glazing material that complies with the

requirements of SANS 1263-1.

1.9.15. Glass in balustrades shall be toughened safety glass unless rigidly supported on all

sides. Glazing material in balustrades is subject to impact and line loads determined in

accordance within the requirements of SANS 10160-2.

1.9.16. Glass in horizontal or sloping applications shall be laminated safety glass or

toughened safety glass. Toughened safety glass shall only be used where individual panes

are framed on all sides.

1.9.17. Wired glass having two-edge support may be used in vertical glazing saw tooth

roofs.

General:

Glazing installations not covered by or deviating from items above as such as, but not limited to,

external glazing in structures in excess of 10m in height, overhead or sloped glazing, glass flooring,

three and one edge supported glass, toughened glass assemblies and entrances, glass for

balustrading supported by clamps etc. must be signed off and approved in writing by Competent

Person (glazing) or structures.



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2. CLEANING To ensure the longevity and hassle-free operation of Wispeco’s systems, the following cleaning and

maintenance procedures must be strictly adhered to.

Cleaning procedures are divided into the type of material being cleaned.

2.1. Aluminium

2.1.1. Anodised Aluminium Correctly identify the aluminium finish to be cleaned when selecting an appropriate cleaning

method. Check specifications and/or built drawings if in doubt as to finish.

Never use aggressive alkaline or acid cleaners on aluminium finishes. It is important

not to use cleaners containing trisodium phosphate, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric

acid, hydrofluoric acid, flourides, or similar compounds on anodised aluminium

surfaces. Always follow the recommendations of the cleaner manufacturer as to the

proper cleaner and concentration. Test clean a small area first. Different cleaners

should not be mixed.

It is preferable to clean the metal when shaded. Do not attempt to clean hot, sun-

heated surfaces since possible chemical reactions on hot metal surfaces will be highly

accelerated and cleaning non-uniformity can occur. Surfaces cleaned under these

adverse conditions can become streaked or stained so that they cannot be restored to

their original appearance. Also avoid cleaning during freezing temperatures or when

metal temperatures are sufficiently cold to cause condensation.

Apply the cleaning solution only to an area that can be conveniently cleaned without

changing position. Thoroughly rinse the surface with clean water before applying

cleaner. Minimize cleaner rundown over the lower portions of the building and rinse

such areas as soon and as long as practical.

Cleaners containing strong organic solvents will have a deleterious effect on organic

overlay coatings, but not on anodised aluminium. The possibility of solvents

extracting stain-producing chemicals from sealants and affecting the function of the

sealants, however, must be considered. Test a small area first.

Strong cleaners should not be used on windows and other building accessories where

it is possible for the cleaner to come in contact with the aluminium. Solutions of

water and mild detergents should be used on windows. If for some particular reason,

an aggressive cleaner is required for some other component of the building; extreme

care must be taken to prevent the cleaner from contacting the aluminium finish.



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2.1.2. Powder Coated Aluminium: Construction soils, including concrete or mortar, etc., should be removed as soon as possible. The

exact procedure for cleaning will vary depending on the nature and degree of soil. Try to restrict

cleaning to mild weather. Cleaning should be done on the shaded side of the building or ideally on a

mild, cloudy day. Method of cleaning, type of cleaner, etc. of one component of the building must

be used with consideration for other components such as glass, sealants, painted surfaces, etc.

Over cleaning or excessive rubbing can do more harm than good.

Strong solvents or strong cleaner concentrations can cause damage to painted surfaces.

Avoid abrasive cleaners. Do not use household cleaners that contain abrasives on painted

surfaces.

Abrasive materials such as steel wool, abrasive brushes, etc., can wear and harm finish.

Avoid drips and splashes. Remove run downs as quickly as possible.

Avoid temperature extremes. Heat accelerates chemical reactions and may evaporate water

from solution. Extremely low temperatures may give poor cleaning effects. Cleaning under

adverse conditions may result in streaking or staining. Ideally, cleaning should be done in

shade at moderate temperature.

Do not substitute a heavy duty cleaner for frequently used mild cleaner.

Do not scour painted surfaces.

Never use paint removers, aggressive alkaline, acid or abrasive cleaners. Do not use

trisodium phosphate, highly alkaline or highly acidic cleaners. Always do a surface test.

Follow manufacturers’ recommendations for mixing and diluting cleaners.

Never mix cleaners.

To prevent marking, make sure cleaning sponges, cloth etc. are grit free.

2.2. Glass

2.2.1. Cleaning instructions for glass:

The following cleaning products must not be used:

Acid products

Highly abrasive products such as polish, blades or sandpaper

Water containing abrasive granules (cement etc.)

Clean warm water containing a highly diluted mild household detergent is recommended. Glass

should be cleaned often enough to prevent heavy soiling (e.g. monthly). If the glass surface is still

soiled after normal cleaning, the supplier should be consulted for remedial advice.



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2.2.2. Cleaning instructions for reflective Low-E glass:

Hand Washing Pilkington Eclipse Advantage ™ Reflective Low-E Glass.

Pilkington Eclipse Advantage ™ Reflective Low-E Glass has a very thin pyrolitic coating on its top

surface. This hard and durable low emissivity top coating gives the glass improved solar control and

thermal insulation performance compared to ordinary clear glass but the low emissivity coating does

have a very fine, hard texture which requires a slightly different cleaning procedure. Pilkington

Eclipse Advantage ™ Reflective Low-E Glass can be cleaned and maintained by hand washing with

non-abrasive, ordinary glass cleaning solutions. For hand washing, a mild detergent and water

solution is recommended. Uniformly apply the solution to the glass and wash with a clean, soft

cloth, sponge or pad. Rinse thouroughly with clean water and wipe or squeegee dry immediately.

Make sure ni metal parts of the cleaning equipment touch the reflective glass surface, and that no

abrasive particles are trapped betwee the glass and the cleaning materials. Stubborn stains can be

removed with organic solvents such as minetal spirits, de-natured alcohol, acetone, or MEK,

following appropriate safety procedures. The solvent wash should be followed immediately by a

detergent wash and clear water rinse to remove solvent and dirt residues. Do not use harsh

chemical cleaners, abrasives, opaque liquid cleaning solutions, steel wool, or razo blades on the

reflective surface. Do not use any strong acidic cleaners on the Pilkington Eclipse Advantage ™

reflective coating. There are a number of solutions commercially available for ‘rejuvenating’ water-

stained glass surfaces. These products usually contain hydrofluoric acid and can severely damage

the reflective surface of Pilkington Eclipse Advantage ™ Reflective Glass. An exposed Pilkington

Eclipse Advantage ™ reflective coating will not get dirtier any faster than non-coated glass in the

same location, but the reflective surface will show dirt and other deposits more readily. The

reflective coating should never be allowed to become dirtier thatn visibly acceptable. It should be

cleaned as frequently as is necessary to prevent it from ever appearing unacceptably dirty. In this

way problems with the accumulation and hardening of excessive dirt deposits can be prevented.

Spot Cleaning:

Occasionally spot cleaning may be required to remove stubborn diet or foreign materials that can

adhere to the low emissivity glass surface. Spot cleaning products work to remove paint or markings

from grease, oil, tape adhesive, and crayons or other waxy materials as well as rub marks from

plastics.

Recommended Spot Cleaning Products:

Denatured alcohol, acetone or organice solvents available from hardware stores.

Spot Cleaning Procedure:

1. Apply a small quantity of one of the cleaners listed above to a clean, wet cloth or towel.



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2. Rub on areas of glass needing spot cleaning.

3. Wipe clean using a dry, clean, lint free towel or cloth followed by the routine cleaning procedure

given above.

Specialized Cleaning:

Do not contact the low emissivity coated surface with razor blades, steel wool or other metallic

objects. If metallic objects contact the coated surface, a thin layer of metal removed from the object

may be deposited onto the coating which results in a discoloured stain which is difficult to remove

using normal cleaning procedures.

Recommended Specialized Cleaning Products for Metal Marks, etc.:

HTH swimming pool acid with 40% hydrochloric acid.

Specialised Cleaning Procedure for Metal Marks, etc.:

1. Apply a small quantity of one of the specialized cleaning products listed above to a wet, clean

cloth or towel.

2. Rub on areas of glass needing cleaning.

3. Wipe cleaning using a dry, clean, lint free towel or cloth followed by the routine cleaning

procedure.

2.2.3. Cleaning instructions for Energy Saving glass:

Cleaning Instructions for McLam® Energy Saving Glass™

This information is offered as a general guide only. Specific advice on the cleaning of glass should

always be sought from a reputable glazier or professional window cleaner before any glass cleaning

is undertaken.

All McLam® Energy Saving Glass™ products have a very thin, hard, pyrolytic coating on one

surface. This durable low emissivity coating gives them improved thermal insulation performance,

and in the case of McLam® ESG™ Grey, Green & Neutral, improved solar control, compared to

ordinary clear glass. The low emissivity coating has a very fine, hard texture which requires

a slightly different cleaning procedure compared to plain, non-coated glass.

Routine Cleaning:

Hand cleaning of a pyrolytic low emissivity coating, to visibly remove accumulated dust or

fingerprints, can be accomplished using a number of different cleaning products which are readily

available from domestic supply, grocery and hardware stores. Do not use razor blades, steel wool or

other metallic objects on the coated surface. The hard coating would probably not be damaged but



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fine metal marks, looking like scratches in sunlight, could easily be left on the coating. Such marks

need special cleaning techniques to remove them – see Spot Cleaning below. Follow the

manufacturers’ recommended handling procedures for each product listed.

Recommended Routine Cleaning Products for McLam® Energy Saving Glass™ etc.:

Mr Muscle Window & Surface Cleaner, by SC Johnson & Son, Inc.

Mixture of one part clear vinegar with one to ten parts clean water.

Commercially available vinegar-based glass cleaners have generally demonstrated an ability to

provide a clean, streak-free coated surface. McCoy’s glass does not recommend the use of ammonia

or alcohol based glass cleaners because these products can leave visible streaks on the coating.

Typical Routine Cleaning Procedure:

Flood the low emissivity coated surface with a spray-on cleaning solution or with a wet cloth

saturated with the cleaning solution to thoroughly wet the surface and remove any grit

particles. Be generous with the amount of solution applied.

Rub the wetted surface with a clean, lint free towel or cloth. It is preferable not to use a

squeegee on the low emissivity surface.

To prevent streaking, stop wiping when the glass is almost dry and there is still a uniform,

thin film of moisture left on the glass surface. This film will quickly evaporate leaving a clean

surface. Note: streaking is simply the re-deposition of smears of non-uniform dirt, and

detergent from the cleaning solution if there was too much dirt and too little volume of

cleaning solution.

Detailed Cleaning Procedure to Remove Large Amounts of Dirt:

If the coated surface is heavily contaminated with dirt, such as during installation on a

construction site, use a water spray from a hose or garden spray pressure bottle to flush

away insoluble particulate matter without risk of creating fine scratches.

Flood the low emissivity coated surface with a spray-on cleaning solution or with a cloth

saturated with the cleaning solution. Be generous with the amount of solution applied.

Rub the wetted surface with a clean, lint free towel or cloth, to fully dissolve any dirt on the

coating.

Wipe dry with a dry, clean, lint free towel or cloth. It is preferable not to use a squeegee on

the low emissivity surface. To prevent streaking – stop wiping when the glass is almost dry

and there is still a uniform thin film of moisture left on the glass surface. This film will

quickly evaporate leaving a clean surface. Note: streaking is simply the re-deposition of

smear or non-uniform dirt and detergent from the cleaning solution if there was too much

dirt and too little volume of cleaning solution.

If after the above procedure, and under critical viewing, the glass does not appear clean

then a final rinse with distilled water should be made before the cleaning solution has had



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time to evaporate, to remove the dirt contaminated detergent solution. This allows the final

evaporation of a thin film of pure, clean water which cannot leave any visible deposits.

Spot Cleaning:

Occasional spot cleaning may be required to remove stubborn dirt or foreign materials that have

adhered to the low emissivity coated surface. Spot cleaning products containing organic solvents, or

the one-time hand application of very fine abrasives, can be used to remove markings from grease,

oil tape adhesive, and crayons or other waxy materials as well as paint and rub-off marks from

plastics.

Recommended Spot Cleaning Products:

Methyl Ethyl Ketone, Acetone or other organic solvents available from hardware stores.

Spot Cleaning Procedure:

Use a cloth saturated with a routine cleaning solution to thoroughly wet the surface and to

remove any grit particles.

Apply a small quantity of one of the cleaners listed above to a clean, wet cloth or towel.

Rub on areas of coating needing spot cleaning.

Take particular care to prevent solvents, such as those listed above, from contacting glass

sealants, framing and adjacent paintwork.

Wipe clean using a dry, clean, lint free towel or cloth and immediately follow with the rinsing

procedure given above in “Detailed Cleaning Procedure.”

Specialized Cleaning:

If metallic objects have contacted the coated surface, a thin layer of metal removed from the object

may be deposited onto the coating which results in discoloured stains or marks that looks like a

scratch. Such marks cannot be removed using the normal cleaning procedures given above but

require the specialized techniques below.

Recommended Specialized Cleaning Products for Removal of Metal Marks, etc.:

20-30% hydrochloric acid solution – typically found in domestic liquid swimming pool acid.

Specialized Cleaning Procedure:

Use a cloth saturated with a routine cleaning solution to thoroughly wet the surface and to

remove any grit particles.

Apply a small quantity of one of the specialized cleaning products listed above to a wet,

clean cloth or towel.

Rub on areas of glass needing cleaning.



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Wipe clean using a dry, clean, lint free towel or cloth. Follow with the rinsing procedure

given above in “Detailed Cleaning Procedure.”

All reasonable care has been taken in producing this document; however McCoy’s Glass

makes no representations or warranties, express or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability or

completeness of, and disclaims all liability, direct or indirect (and whether or not arising out

of the negligence, default or lack of care of McCoy’s Glass for any loss or damage (whether

foreseeable or not)) suffered by the recipient or any other person arising out of, or in

connection with, any use or reliance by any of them on this document. Liability which

cannot legally be excluded is limited to the maximum extent possible.

2.2.4. Cleaning instructions for Sunergy glass products:

Ordinary Cleaning Regimen:

In most cases, glass can be washed with plenty of clean water. Sometimes a bit of neutral detergent

or an appropriate commercial cleaning product can be added to the water. A squeegee or specially

designed cloths are also used. Once cleaned, the glass should be rinsed with clean water and wiped

with a squeegee.

Special Cleaning Regimen:

When ordinary cleaning is not enough, other steps can be taken:

Remove oily spots and other organic pollution with solvents such as isopropyl alcohol or

acetone applied with a soft, clean cloth.

Remove other residue by lightly polishing with a suspension of cerium oxide in water

(between 100 and 200 grams per litre).

Rinse thoroughly and then follow the ordinary cleaning regimen.

Initial Cleaning after the Glass is Installed:

When glass is cleaned for the first time after being installed (end of project), it may be particularly

dirty. We recommend the following steps:

Remove labels and cork interlayers as soon as possible.

Rinse thoroughly to remove as much dust as possible.

Perform the ordinary cleaning regimen.

Examine any remaining dirty marks.

Very carefully remove the majority of any remaining deposits of sealing compound, putty,

cement, etc. using a specially designed scraper or razor blade. There is a very high risk of

scratching the glass, so take great care at all times. This is especially true for coated glasses.

Perform the special cleaning regimen where necessary.



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Special Instructions for Coated Glass:

Sunergy has a metal oxide coating that is applied to the glass. These coatings are very resistant and

durable. No particular precautions need to be taken when the coating is positioned on the inside of

the insulating glazing unit (position 2 or 3, i.e. in contact with the air/gas layer). In single glazing or

when the coating is located on the outside of the insulating glazing unit (position 1, external side of

the building, or position 4, internal side of the building),the ordinary and special cleaning regimens

described above are also suitable. However, bear in mind that a transparent and very thing metal

surface is also being washed.

Remember:

Any scratching will penetrate the surface of the coating and cannot be repaired.

Any excessive mechanical treatment might remove the coating in localised areas.

Avoid all contact with metal objects.

Avoid all chemicals that would attack the surface and damage it irreparably.

Consequently, special care should be taken to follow the guideline and precautions set out in this

document. In areas with high levels of pollution, treatments and products supplied by experienced

professionals are essential.

Hints and Tips:

All products containing hydrofluoric acid or fluorine derivatives are prohibited since they can

destroy the coating and the surface of the glass.

Highly acidic and alkaline products are prohibited, as are abrasive products.

Ensure compatibility between the products used and other components (seals, paints used

on the frame, aluminium, stone, etc.).

Comply with the instruction manuals. When in doubt, contact the manufacturer.

When carrying out the special cleaning regimen, always start with a trial on a small area.

Do not wash the glass when it is fully exposed to the sun. Avoid washing it when it is too

cold or hot.

Take advantage of the washing process to inspect seals, drainage and frame.

Make sure that cloths, squeegees and other tools are in good condition at all times.

2.3. Stainless Steel Components:

Introduction:

Stainless Steels are inherently corrosion resistant materials that do not need additional surface

protection to enhance their appearance and durability. Some routine maintenance and cleaning is

needed to keep stainless steel surfaces in good condition so that they aesthetic appearance and



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corrosion resistance are not compromised. In this respect, stainless steels are no different to other

construction materials such as glass, plastics or coated steels, which are never maintenance free

throughout the life of a building. These guidelines are to give building owners, developers and

facility manager’s advice on efficient, cost-effective cleaning that will allow them to take advantage

of the corrosion resistant properties of stainless steel.

The Self-Repair Mechanism of Stainless Steel:

First of all, it is important to understand why stainless steel is so corrosion resistant. The alloying

elements in stainless steel form a thin, transparent “passive layer” on the surface. Although this

protective passive layer is only a few atoms thick, it instantaneously reforms in the presence of

oxygen from air or water, so even if the material is scratched or damaged the passive layer continues

protecting the surface from corrosion.

This explains why stainless steel does not require any coating or other corrosion protection to

remain bright and shiny even after decades of use.

Initial Cleaning:

The first cleaning is generally done before the building is handed over to the owner. If the stainless

steel parts have been protected adequately then simple “maintenance cleaning” at the hand-over

stage will probably be sufficient. An adhesive plastic film during fabrication, transport and assembly

often protects stainless steel parts. Although providing excellent protection against damage and

soiling, some plastic films deteriorate on exposure to the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight and which

can make them difficult to strip. The film adhesive can also stick to the stainless steel surface.

Protective plastic films should be removed as soon as they are no longer needed for protection

during the installation/erection stage, starting at the top of the building and working downwards.

Motor and cement splashes can be treated with a solution containing a small amount of phosphoric

acid. Rinse with water (preferably deionised water) and dry. Deionised water reduces the risk of

water staining marks. Proprietary products are available from specialists finishing companies. Never

allow mortar removers or diluted hydrochloric acid to be used on stainless steel. If they have

accidentally been applied to or spilt over the stainless steel, rinse generously with fresh water.

Building contractors and tradesmen are not always aware how dangerous proprietary building

mortar removers containing hydrochloric acid are to stainless steel components. This should be

stressed. If possible, the sequence of operations should be changed so that any ceramic tile fixing

and cleaning is completed before neighbouring stainless steel components such as skirting boards or

kick plates are installed.

Iron particles picked up from tools or from contact with structural steel, scaffold tubing etc. must be

removed immediately.



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Steel dust particles created during operations such as welding, cutting, drilling and grinding of

carbon (non-stainless) steel will rust quickly. Besides corroding themselves, these particles can

locally break the self-healing “passive film” of stainless steel resulting in pitting corrosion in spite of

their normally good corrosion resistance.

At an early stage, light deposits can be removed mechanically using nylon pads, such as the “Scotch-

Brite” type used in the kitchen. Alternatively the contamination can be removed with a proprietary

stainless steel cleaner containing phosphoric acid.

If pitting attack has occurred, depending on its severity, acid pickling treatments or mechanical

rectification will be needed to restore the surface. Pickling agents in paste form are available for

localised, on-site application. Care must be taken to use these products in accordance with the

supplier’s directions so that there is a safe system of work and the relevant legislation on

environmental protection is adhered to. Specialist finishing companies will often carry out this

service on site.

While restoring the corrosion resistance of the surface, pickling may change the surface appearance

of the steel. Further mechanical or chemical treatments may be necessary to restore the original

surface finish. It is therefore advisable to avoid contamination, in the first place by either protecting

the stainless steel parts, whilst work is being done or by installing those after other operations that

could cause contamination have been completed.

Initial Cleaning:

On external applications, such as facades, rainfall can normally be expected to wash off

accumulations of dirt and other deposits efficiently, depending on the amount of exposure of the

elevation.

Special attention should be given to sheltered areas during routine cleaning to ensure that

accumulations of airborne contaminants are removed. This is particularly important in marine and

industrial environments, where build-up of airborne chlorides or SOx can result in localised

corrosion, if not effectively removed.

On interior applications, finger marks can be an issue. There is a wide range of finishes available for

stainless steels, many of which are particularly suitable for use in heavily exposed (high traffic) public

areas. Selecting finishes that are less sensitive to fingerprint marking in the design process will

reduce the effort and costs of cleaning during the service life of the finished building.

Brushed finished, which are a popular choice for interiors, may show finger marks in the period

immediately after installation, but the visibility of the marking should become less evident after the

first few cleaning operations.



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Cleansers:

To remove fingerprints and other marks from architectural finishes, soapy water or a mild detergent

are usually safe and successful. Proprietary spray cleaners are available, which combine ease of

cleaning with a light film that produces an even and smooth lustre. These spray cleaners remove

existing fingerprints and leave the surface in a condition that reduces the tendency for fingerprints

to show in subsequent service. After applying the spray to the surface, polish with a dry cloth. Your

nearest national stainless steel association should be able to advise on products locally available.

Mirror-polished stainless steel can be cleaned with glass cleansers. These products should be

selected chloride-free.

For more stubborn stains, mild household cream cleansers should be effective. This should also be

suitable for cleaning off watermarks and light discolouration. After cleaning, remove the residues

with (preferably deionised) water (available in supermarkets, e.g. for steam ironing or car batteries)

and dry to avoid streaking and water marks. Scouring powers should be not be used as these

products can leave scratches on stainless steel surfaces.

Care is needed with solvents to avoid spreading the staining on the stainless steels, which can then

be difficult to fully remove. It is advisable to apply clean solvent several times with a clean, non-

scratching cloth, until all traces of the partially dissolved oil/grease are removed.

Paint and Graffiti can be treated with proprietary alkaline or solvent-based paint strippers. The use

of hard scrapers or knives should be avoided as the underlying stainless steel surface may become

scratched.

Heavily neglected surfaces can be treated with metal polishes, such as those for cleaning chromium-

plated items (e.g. automotive trim). Furthermore, polishes used for re-finishing car paint can be

considered. Care must be taken as highly polished surfaces may become scratched with these

cleaners.

Alternatively, use a proprietary stainless steel cleaner containing phosphoric acid to remove

contamination, rinse with deionised water and dry. It is advisable that the entire surface of the

component is treated so that a patchy appearance is avoided.

Before commencing any task, ensure that you have received the appropriate health and safety

literature from the supplier and fully understand it. If in doubt, seek further advice.

Cleaners that should NOT be used on stainless steels include:

Chloride-containing cleansers, especially those containing hydrochloric acid.

Hypochlorite bleaches should not be used on stainless steels; if applied accidentally or spilt on

stainless steel surfaces should be rinsed off immediately with liberal amounts of fresh water.

Silver-cleaners must not be used on stainless steel.



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Cleaning Utensils:

A damp cloth or chamois leather will usually be suitable for removing normal soiling,

fingerprints etc.

For more stubborn dirt, nylon pads such as those known as “Scotch-Brite” pads are usually

satisfactory. Non-stainless steel based scouring pads, cleaning wool or wire brushes must not be

used on stainless steel. Apart from scratching the surface, these pads can leave carbon steel

deposits on the stainless surface, which can subsequently develop into rust spots, if the surface

becomes wet.

Soft nylon brushes can be used for cleaning stainless steel with patterned finishes. Non-

stainless steel wire brushes must not be used. On “grained” directional finishes, such as EN

10088-3 types G, J and K the direction of cleaning strokes should be along the grain and not

across it.

Where water has been used for cleaning or rinsing, wiping the surface dry to prevent

watermarks, especially in hard water areas may be advisable. The use of deionised water will

prevent the formation of hard water staining.

To avoid “cross-contamination” from iron particles, ensure that cleaning utensils have not been

used for “ordinary” (i.e. carbon) steel before. Cleaning materials for use on stainless steel items

should preferable be reserved exclusively for that purpose.

Cleaning Intervals:

The cleaning of stainless steel items for building interiors is really no different to other materials.

Cleaning should be done before there is a visible build-up of soiling or finger-marking, so that the

effort and cost of cleaning is minimised along with the risk of marking altering the appearance of the

surfaces.

On building exterior applications, stainless steel may be exposed to a wider range of potentially

more aggressive environments as a result of contact with: marine atmospheres, environments laden

with industrial pollutants, salt spray from road de-icing salt, atmospheric dirt and traffic film.

All cause brown staining to appear. It is a good practice to clean the stainless steel at the same

frequency as the building’s windows (glazing). Depending on the severity of soiling and deposit

build up, routine cleaning frequencies of 6-12 months for light soiling and 3-6 months for heavy

soiling or environments such as those listed above is advisable. A stainless steel cleaner containing

phosphoric acid will remove this form of contamination.



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2.4. EN AC 46100 Aluminium Alloy used in the Manufactory of Hardware Items:

The Wispeco systems using hardware items made from EN AC 46100 are as follows:

540 Sliding Window System

1000 Series Sliding Window

4500 Sliding Door

5000 Series Sliding Folding Door

Crealco Serene Series of Windows and Sliding Doors.

Where these products are used in an average to high corrosion area, it is important that the

manufacturing process, as set out in the relevant system manuals, must be followed.

L.M. dei F.lli Monticelli s.r.l – Gruppo Montifin s.r.l

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND MECHANICAL

PROPERTIES OF ALUMINIUM ALLOY EN AC 46100

Rule: UNI EN 1706:1999

Title: Aluminium and aluminium alloys – Castings – Chemical composition and mechanical properties

Group: Al Si 9 Cu

Designation: EN AC 46100 – Al Si 11 Cu 2 (Fe)

The standard aluminium alloy used is EN AC 46100 – Al Si 11 Cu 2 (Fe). This alloy combines

good physical-mechanical properties and a good resistance to oxidation from corrosive

agents.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION %

ALLOY ELEMENTS

EN AC Si Fe Cu Mn Mg Cr Ni Zn Pb Sn Ti Individual Global



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46100 impurities impurities

Min 10.0 0.45 1.5

Max 12.0 1.0 2.5 0.55 0.30 0.15 0.45 0.45 1.7 0.15 0.20 0.05 0.05

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

EN 1706 DENOMINATION METALLURGICAL STATE AND

CASTING PROCESS (1)

MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS (2)

CORROSION RESISTANCE

(3) R Rp(0.2) A HB

N/mm² N/mm² %

EN AC 46100

EN AC-AlSi11Cu2(Fe)

DF 240 (*) 140 (*) <1(*) 80(*) D

(1) DF = JET IN DIE CASTING

(2) MINIMUM CHARACTERISTICS (EN 1706) AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

R = BREAKING LOAD

Rp0.2 = YIELD LOAD

A = ELONGATION

HB = BRINNELL HARDNESS

L.M. dei F.lli Monticelli s.r.l – Gruppo Montifin s.r.l

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND MECHANICAL

PROPERTIES OF ALUMINIUM ALLOY EN AC 46100

(3) A = EXCELLENT

B = GOOD

C = CORRECT

D = MEDIOCRE

E = DISCOURAGED

F = SINCOMPATIBLE

(*) ONLY INDICATIVE VALUES



Aluminium

crealco

SPECIFIC WEIGHT 2,65 – 2.68 kg/dm3

ELASTICITY MODULUS E = 70000 – 78000 Mpa

COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION 20⁰C … 200⁰ = 20 – 25 X 10-b⁰ C-1

REDUCTION FACTORS VALUES OF TRACTION STRENGTH AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE -250⁰C 0⁰C 50⁰C 100⁰C 150⁰C 200⁰C

COEFFICIENT 1 1 1 0.85-0.9 0.7 0.5



Aluminium

crealco

3. MAINTENANCE

3.1. Wispeco Product Maintenance:

Casement Windows: 28mm Casement Window

30.5 Casement Window

340 Casement Window

38 Casement Window

Tilt & Turn Window

Edge System

Clip 44 Casement Window

Sliding Windows: 500 Series Sliding Window

540 Sliding Window

1000 Series Sliding Window

Rouge Sliding Window

Elite sliding window

Vertical Slider: Vert 70.

Sliding Doors: 700 Patio Door

Rouge Sliding Door

4500 SQ/MC Sliding Door

Palace Multi

Clip 44 Sliding Door

Tilt & Slide Door

Shower Doors: SEAL Door

Sliding Folding Bottom Rolling Door: Vista Door

Sliding Folding Top Hung Sliding Door: 5000 Series Door

Shopfront System: Clip 44

Clip38

Louvres: Horizon

Door Vent

Insect Screen: Cassette 40

Fly Screen 54

Patio Door Insect Screen

Garage Door: AlDoor

Curtain Wall System: Façade 60

Balustrade: New York Balustrade

Putty glazed window: 500 Series Sliding Window

Internal Glass Partition: Infinity Partition.

Security Barrier: Guardian door.



Aluminium

crealco

3.2. Maintenance Procedures

3.2.1. Casement Windows 3.2.1.1. Maintenance of Aluminium frame work as in 2.1.1 and 2.1.2.

3.2.1.2. Maintenance of Glass when necessary as in accordance with 2.2.

3.2.1.3. Handles should be cleaned when necessary with water and a cloth.

3.2.1.4. Stainless Steel Friction Stays should be cleaned once every 3 months as in

2.3.

3.2.1.5. Seal on opening sashes must be clear of sand and dirt.

3.2.1.6. The correct grade of stainless steel, depending on the location, inland or

coastal must be used, and it must be clearly marked on the stay.

Note: Depending on the location of the casement window, it should be cleaned at least every 3

months. No dirt or sand must be allowed to build up between frame and sash. The closer to the coast

the more frequently the system must be cleaned.

3.2.2. Sliding Windows 3.2.2.1. Maintenance of Aluminium frame work as in 2.1.1 and 2.1.2.



3.2.2.4. If sliding sashes do not slide freely, the sash should be removed and the

wheels checked for damage and replaced if needed.

3.2.2.5. All cavities, wheels, dust and dirt traps should be vacuumed to remove

debris that could damage the workings of the window.

3.2.2.6. Drainage holes to be kept clean and unblocked.

1.1.1.1.






Aluminium

crealco

3.2.3. Vertical Sliding Window 3.2.3.1. Maintenance of Aluminium frame work as in 2.1.1 and 2.1.2.



3.2.3.4. The spring balance should only be removed by a competent person, the

spring is under tensions and when taking it out, the correct method must be used.



3.2.3.6. Drainage holes to be kept clean and unblocked.


months. No dirt or sand must be allowed to build up between frame and sash. The closer to the

coast the more frequently the system must be cleaned.

3.2.4. Sliding Doors 3.2.4.1. Maintenance of Aluminium frame work as in 2.1.1 and 2.1.2.



3.2.4.4. If sliding sashes do not slide freely, the sash should be removed and the

wheels checked for damage and replaced if needed.


debris that could damage the workings of the door.

3.2.4.6. Check that the correct roller casings have been used. At the coast, a

stainless steel casing MUST be used. Inland, a galvanized yellow passivated casing or a

stainless steel casing can be used.




3.2.5. Sliding/Folding Doors Bottom Rolling 3.2.5.1. Maintenance of Aluminium frame work as in 2.1.1 and 2.1.2.



3.2.5.4. Wheel’s tracks must be kept free from debris, the top channel must be clear

of obstacles. If the door is not opening smoothly then a competent person must be

called in to service this product.



3.2.5.6. Hinges should be checked and where necessary adjusted and tightened.

Flush bolts should be aligned with hole in the floor.



Aluminium

crealco




3.2.6. Sliding/Folding Doors Top Hung 3.2.6.1. Maintenance of Aluminium frame work as in 2.1.1 and 2.1.2.



3.2.6.4. Wheel’s tracks must be kept free from debris, the top channel must be clear

of obstacles. If the door is not opening smoothly then a competent person must be

called in to service this product.



3.2.6.6. Hinges should be checked and where necessary adjusted and tightened.

Flush bolts should be aligned with hole in the frame.




3.2.7. Shop Fronts 3.2.7.1. Maintenance of Aluminium frame work as in 2.1.1 and 2.1.2.





3.2.8. Hinged Doors 3.2.8.1. Maintenance of Aluminium frame work as in 2.1.1 and 2.1.2.



3.2.8.4. When the door leaf starts to drag or scratch the floor when opening, it can

be that the glass has not been glazed correctly or the hinges are coming loose. A glazer

should be called in to re-set the glass and the hinges can be tightened.






Aluminium

crealco

3.2.9. Pivot Doors 3.2.9.1. Maintenance of Aluminium frame work as in 2.1.1 and 2.1.2.



3.2.9.4. Pivot should be cleaned weekly.




3.2.10. Louvres 3.2.10.1. Maintenance of Aluminium frame work as in 2.1.1 and 2.1.2.



3.2.10.4. All cavities, dust and dirt traps should be vacuumed to remove debris that

could damage the workings of the window.




3.2.11. Façade 60 3.2.11.1. Maintenance of Aluminium frame work as in 2.1.1 and 2.1.2.


3.2.12. Tilt & Turn Windows/Doors 3.2.12.1. Maintenance of Aluminium frame work as in 2.1.1 and 2.1.2.








3.2.13. Tilt & Slide Door 3.2.13.1. Maintenance of Aluminium frame work as in 2.1.1 and 2.1.2.







Aluminium

crealco




3.2.14. Shower Doors 3.2.14.1. Maintenance of Aluminium frame work as in 2.1.1 and 2.1.2.



3.2.14.4. The wheels should always be on the top track.


could damage the workings of the door. Fungus growing in corners must be

removed with a shower cleaner designed to kill and remove it.




3.2.15. AlDoor Garage Doors 3.2.15.1. Maintenance of Aluminium frame work as in 2.1.1 and 2.1.2.

3.2.15.2. Wheels should be maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s

specifications.


could damage the workings of the AlDoor.

Note: Depending on the location of the casement window, it should be cleaned at least

every 3 months. No dirt or sand must be allowed to build up between frame and sash. The

closer to the coast the more frequently the system must be cleaned.

3.2.16. Insect Screen 3.2.16.1. Maintenance of Aluminium frame work as in 2.1.1 and 2.1.2.


3.2.16.3. Check that the Flyscreen does not have holes in and that the spring is

working.








Aluminium

crealco

3.2.17. Hatch System (bottom rolling sliding system) 3.2.17.1. Maintenance of Aluminium frame work as in 2.1.1 and 2.1.2.



3.2.17.4. If panels are not sliding, remove the glass panels, check the wheels and

replace if damaged.



Note: Depending on the location of the Hatch System, it should be cleaned daily.

3.2.18. York Balustrade 3.2.18.1. Maintenance of Aluminium frame work as in 2.1.1 and 2.1.2.


3.2.18.3. Corrosion Resistance - Balustrade that is exposed to an external or

aggressive environment shall be treated to resist corrosion. Regular

inspections need to be done for possible corrosion.

3.2.18.4. Maintenance - Balustrade shall be periodically inspected for evidence of

excessive wear, damage or reduced strength. Any element, connection or

anchorage that shows a loss of strength or a loss of stiffness of 20 % or more

shall be either replaced or restored to its initial condition. The loss of

strength shall be determined by comparing the deflection of the balustrade

under a certain load with the deflection of a new replicate under the same

load.




3.2.19.0 Wrap putty glazed window.

3.2.19.0 Maintenance of Aluminium frame work as in 2.1.1 and 2.1.2.

3.2.19.0 Maintenance of Glass when necessary as in accordance with 2.2.

3.2.19.0 Handles should be cleaned when necessary with water and a cloth.

3.2.19.0 Seal on opening sashes must be clear of sand and dirt.






Aluminium

crealco

3.2.19. Infinity Internal Partition.

3.2.20. Maintenance of Glass when necessary as in accordance with 2.2.

3.2.21. Board as recommended by the manufacture.

Note: cleaning of glass will be relevant to the marks on the glass, every second day?

3.2.22. Guardian Door.

3.2.23. Bottom track to be kept clear of dirt.

3.2.24. Maintenance of Aluminium frame work as in 2.1.1 and 2.1.2.

Note: Depending on the location of the casement window, it should be cleaned at least every

3 months. No dirt or sand must be allowed to build up between frame and sash. The closer

to the coast the more frequently the system must be cleaned.

General notes.

When cleaning any window, door or façade, high-pressure water cleaning equipment should NOT be

used, unless by qualified Façade window clearers.

The following links refer to some useful articles relating to the corrosion of aluminium:

1. http://www.qualisino.com/jswzinfo_en.aspx?id=117 2. http://www.sharpshell.co.za/index.php/contact-us 3. http://www.rhinoindustrial.co.za/index.php/rhinoindustrial.html?gclid=CjgKEAjw286dBRDm

wbLi8KP71GQSJAAOk4sj5jEUnKvjxkdw8H0NOBp5LY1OIZrnH-5_aRsX2bUFi_D_BwE 4. http://aluminumsurface.blogspot.com/2009/05/three-most-common-corrosion-

mechanisme.html?m=1 5. http://www.windowcleaners.net.au/window-maintenance/

http://www.qualisino.com/jswzinfo_en.aspx?id=117

http://www.sharpshell.co.za/index.php/contact-us

http://www.rhinoindustrial.co.za/index.php/rhinoindustrial.html?gclid=CjgKEAjw286dBRDmwbLi8KP71GQSJAAOk4sj5jEUnKvjxkdw8H0NOBp5LY1OIZrnH-5_aRsX2bUFi_D_BwE

http://www.rhinoindustrial.co.za/index.php/rhinoindustrial.html?gclid=CjgKEAjw286dBRDmwbLi8KP71GQSJAAOk4sj5jEUnKvjxkdw8H0NOBp5LY1OIZrnH-5_aRsX2bUFi_D_BwE

http://aluminumsurface.blogspot.com/2009/05/three-most-common-corrosion-mechanisme.html?m=1

http://aluminumsurface.blogspot.com/2009/05/three-most-common-corrosion-mechanisme.html?m=1

http://www.windowcleaners.net.au/window-maintenance/

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