Ambient Air Quality Monitoring in the KZN Province

Annual Air Quality Governance

Lekgotla 2013, Cape Town

Air Quality Team: Mr Jay Puckree , Zama Mthembu, Jethan Kalidass

Background

• KwaZulu Natal has 61 Municipalities: – 1 metro

– 10 districts

– 50 local municipalities.

• Macro Scale Siting based on: – heavily industrialized areas close to communities and

a high public concern at Estcourt and Richards Bay. Public concern at Estcourt and the MEC’s visit concerning high health incidents triggered the Province in procuring stations

– table 24 of the National Framework

Background continued

MAP OF SUGAR CANE OPERATIONAL AREAS IN KZN

The KwaZulu-Natal Province spans an area of approximately 94 000 km2, it is estimated that 391 483 hectares of this area is under sugar cane cultivation found in four regions namely Zululand, Midlands, North Coast and the South Coast. There are also 12 sugar mills in KwaZulu-Natal:

KZN AMBIENT MONITORING NETWORK

KZN Provincial Ambient Monitoring Network initiated in 2005 (5 stations setup) and 2010 (1 reference and 4 mobile stations setup)

OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES OF WHY WE MONITOR

• There is an array of criteria pollution sources located in close proximity of our communities

• Determine trends at selected towns

• Complaint resolution

• Determine “Hotspots”

• Establish baseline Info for Modeling

• Develop AQMP

Location Pollution Sources

Newcastle Industrial and Veld fires Major industries include: Arcellomittal(iron and Steel), Lanxess(chrome), Carbochem (Calcium Carbide), Coal mining

Esctourt Industrial, vehicles and Veld fires Industries :Nestle Factory, Masonite Africa Limited

Pietermaritzburg

Traffic and Industrial Industries: Hulamin, Willowton oil, FFS oil recyclers and small industries

Port Shepstone

Traffic and Industrial, Sugar cane burning Industries: NPC Cement and array of small industry

Mandeni Traffic, Industry and Domestic, Veld Burning Industries: Sappi Mandeni, Metsor iron and steel, isithebe small industrial area

Empangeni Industry, Domestic Burning

Richards Bay Traffic, Industrial and veld fires Industries: Mondi, RBM alluminum mining, BHP Billoton, Foscor Fertilizes

Source Apportionment

Richards Bay Passive BTEX for mobile site identification

Richards Bay Passive SO2 for mobile site identification

Locations of Mobile Network

KZN DAEA Pollution Parameters Measured

Site location Parmeters

1. Newcastle PM10, SO2, O3, NO2, WD/WS, Temp, Rainfall

2. Esctourt PM10, SO2, O3, NO2, WD/WS, Temp, Rainfall

3. Pietermaritzburg PM10, SO2, O3, NO2, WD/WS, Temp, Rainfall

4. Port Shepstone PM10, SO2, O3, NO2, WD/WS, Temp, Rainfall

5. Mandeni PM10 & 2.5, SO2, O3, NO2, WD/WS, Temp, Rainfall

6. Empangeni PM10, SO2, O3, NO2, WD/WS, Temp, Rainfall

7. Richards Bay ( 4 Mobile) PM10, SO2, NO2, WD/WS, Temp

INSTRUMENTS

Thermo Scientific Parameters measured: SO2, NO2, O3 and PM10

Environnement S.A Parameters measured: SO2, NO2, O3 and PM10

Grimm Aerosol Parameters measured: PM10 and PM2.5

Aeroqual AQM60 Parameters measured: SO2, NO2 and PM10

RESULTS PM 10 Daily Average

PM 10 Continued..

Nitrogen Dioxide Hourly Average

Sulphur Dioxide Daily Average

Richards Bay Dispersion Modelling – SO2 24 hr

Richards Bay Dispersion Modelling – SO2 hourly

DUST BUCKET AND PASSSIVE SAMPLING CAMPAIGN

Future Ambient Monitoring Projects

Network Challenges

• Mobile monitors not reliable

• Data loggers not able to connect new instruments with digital signal input and cannot backup and transmit data

• Data acquisition system unable to calculate all averages

• Poor response time to repairs

Network Resolutions

• PM 10 monitoring on the mobile monitors will be continued and other parameters to be discontinued due to the high cost and unreliability

• Upgrading of the data loggers with improved backup and transmission options and the ability to measure both digital and analogue signals from instruments

• Setting up contracts with instrument agents

• Employing additional technical staff.

Conclusion • The Data Management System (Ecostat and Enviroload) is hosted

and managed in-house by the department

• Data has assisted districts municipalities in the development of their Environmental Management Frameworks, and provided baseline data for AQMPs being conducted.

• Presentation on the network was made to the University of California

• In-house training is currently being conducted for our Department and Municipalities to assist on SOP’s for the ambient monitoring network