American Foreign Policy:

1930-1941

American Foreign Policy:

1930-1941

FDR Recognizes the FDR Recognizes the Soviet UnionSoviet Union

(late 1933)(late 1933)

5 FDR - bolster the FDR - bolster the US against Japan.US against Japan.

5 Trade w/ USSR- Trade w/ USSR- help economy help economy during the during the Depression.Depression.

Stalin- USSR - Communism

Stalin - Mini-Bio

Gulag

Hyper-Inflation in Hyper-Inflation in Germany:Germany: 19231923

Fascism- nation over the individual, dictatorship w/ an emphasis on a strong militaryMussolini - Italy

mini-bio

Mein Kampf, Nazi, Economy

Adolf Hitler - Germany

mini-bio

Fascism Similarities Communism

Extreme nationalism internationalism

Economic capitalist, protect private prop, state can direct economy

No private prop – state directs economy

Military Show superiority of the nation

Overthrow all nations – put system in

Social Control all aspects of life - totalitarianism

Fascist AggressionFascist Aggression5 1935: Hitler denounced the Versailles Treaty &1935: Hitler denounced the Versailles Treaty &

League of Nations [re-arming!] League of Nations [re-arming!] Mussolini attacks Ethiopia. Mussolini attacks Ethiopia.

5 1936: German troops sent into the Rhineland.1936: German troops sent into the Rhineland. Fascist forces sent to fight with Franco in Fascist forces sent to fight with Franco in Spain.Spain.

5 1938: Austrian 1938: Austrian AnschlussAnschluss.. Rome-Berlin Tokyo Pact [AXIS]Rome-Berlin Tokyo Pact [AXIS] Munich Agreement Munich Agreement APPEASEMENT! APPEASEMENT!

5 SudetenlandSudetenland

5 Neville ChamberlainNeville Chamberlain

5

So much aggression it takes So much aggression it takes 2 slides2 slides

5 1939: German troops march into the 1939: German troops march into the rest of rest of Czechoslovakia.Czechoslovakia. - - Hitler-Stalin Non-Aggression Hitler-Stalin Non-Aggression Pact.Pact.

5 September 1, 1939: German troops September 1, 1939: German troops march into march into Poland Poland blitzkriegblitzkrieg WW II WW II beginsbegins

BlitzkriegBlitzkrieg

5 check it out

The appeasement of Hitler continued with the Munich Pact.

Britain and France sacrificed the Sudetenland to Germany in return for peace.

But peace was not to come.British Prime Minister Neville

Chamberlain and Hitler in Munich

German Aggression, 1936–1941

Nye Committee HearingsNye Committee Hearings(1934-1936)(1934-1936)

5 The Nye Committee IThe Nye Committee Iinvestigated the charge investigated the charge that WW I was needless and that WW I was needless and the US entered so munitions the US entered so munitions owners could make big profits owners could make big profits [“merchants of death.”][“merchants of death.”]

5 The Committee did charge The Committee did charge that bankers wanted war to that bankers wanted war to protect their loans & arms manufacturers to make protect their loans & arms manufacturers to make money.money.

5 Claimed that Wilson had provoked Germany by Claimed that Wilson had provoked Germany by sailing in to warring nations’ waters.sailing in to warring nations’ waters.

5 Resulted in Congress passing several Neutrality Resulted in Congress passing several Neutrality Acts.Acts.

Senator Gerald P. Nye [R-ND]Senator Gerald P. Nye [R-ND]

FDR’s “I hate war” Speech FDR’s “I hate war” Speech (1936)(1936)

Neutrality ActsNeutrality Acts: 1935, 1936, : 1935, 1936, 19371937

5 Learn lessons from WWILearn lessons from WWI

no no sales of arms to belligerent nationssales of arms to belligerent nations..

no loans/credits to belligerent nations.no loans/credits to belligerent nations.

Forbade Forbade US cit. to travel on ships of nations at warUS cit. to travel on ships of nations at war

“ “cash-and-carry”cash-and-carry” pay in cash, pick it up pay in cash, pick it up

Banned involvement in the Spanish Civil War.Banned involvement in the Spanish Civil War.

5 limited the options of the POTUS in a crisis.limited the options of the POTUS in a crisis.

5 US declined to build up its forces!US declined to build up its forces!

US NeutralityUS Neutrality

Franco – Spain – Fascism

Spanish Civil War Spanish Civil War (1936-(1936-1939)1939)

The American “Lincoln The American “Lincoln Brigade”Brigade”

1939 Neutrality Act1939 Neutrality Act5 Germany’s invasion of Poland.Germany’s invasion of Poland.

5 aids European democracies in a limited wayaids European democracies in a limited way

5 Results of the 1939 Neutrality Act:Results of the 1939 Neutrality Act:

Aggressors could not send ships to buy US Aggressors could not send ships to buy US munitions.munitions.

The US economy improvesThe US economy improves

5 America becomes the “Arsenal of Democracy”America becomes the “Arsenal of Democracy”

1940 Election – What is the significance?

Unneutral NeutralityUnneutral Neutrality

5 Selective Service Act 1st peacetime draft in US History

5 Destroyers for Bases Agreement US Destroyers => GB GB Bases => US

““America First” America First” CommitteeCommittee

Charles LindberghCharles Lindbergh

“Lend-Lease” Act (1941) – sell/lend war supplies to any country that was vital to safety of USGreat Britain.........................$31 Great Britain.........................$31

billionbillionSoviet Union...........................$11 Soviet Union...........................$11 billionbillionFrance......................................$ 3 France......................................$ 3 billionbillionChina.......................................$1.5 China.......................................$1.5 billionbillionOther European.................$500 Other European.................$500 millionmillionSouth America...................$400 South America...................$400 millionmillionThe amount totaled: The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000$48,601,365,000

Winston Churchill - GB

Mini-bio

Quotes of WinnieI may be drunk, Miss, but in the morning I will be sober and you will still be ugly.”

Lady Astor: “Winston, if I were your wife I’d put poison in your coffee.”Winston Churchill: “Nancy, if I were your husband I’d drink it.”

Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few

Atlantic CharterAtlantic Charter

5 1. not pursue terr. Expansion5 2.right to choose own gov’t5 3.international trade5 4. to raw materials5 5. be disarmed5 6. rid the world of fear & poverty

5 BASIS FOR THE UNITED NATIONS

Roosevelt’s Four Freedoms Speech

All of these freedoms, he argued, were threatened by German and Japanese militarism.

• freedom of speech

• freedom of worship

• freedom from want

• freedom from fear

He highlighted four freedoms precious to Americans.

Hitler’s Biggest Mistake – Invasion of Russia

Japanese Attack Japanese Attack

Manchuria (1931Manchuria (1931))

5 League of Nations condemned the League of Nations condemned the action.action.

5 Japan leaves the League.Japan leaves the League.

5 Hoover wanted no part in an American military action Hoover wanted no part in an American military action in the Far East.in the Far East.

Prime Minister Tojo

Emperor Hirohito

Japanese Expansion, 1931-1939

Japan invaded Manchuria, then China.

“Rape of Nanjing”

Panay Incident (1937)Panay Incident (1937)

5Japan Japan bombed bombed USS USS PanayPanay gunboat & three gunboat & threeStandard Oil tankers Standard Oil tankers ononthe Yangtze River.the Yangtze River.

5Japan apologized, paid US an indemnity, and promised Japan apologized, paid US an indemnity, and promised no further attacks.no further attacks.

5Most Americans were satisfied with the apology.Most Americans were satisfied with the apology.

5ResultsResults Japanese interpreted US tone as a license Japanese interpreted US tone as a license for for further aggression against US interests. further aggression against US interests.

French Indochina - 1941French Indochina - 1941

5 FDR – froze all Japanese assets in US5 Embargo

Gas Machine tools Scrap iron steel