American HistoryAmerican History

The Early Days part 2The Early Days part 2

The Europeans Are Coming!The Europeans Are Coming!

Europe Before Transatlantic Europe Before Transatlantic VoyagesVoyages

The ideas of The ideas of ancient Greece and ancient Greece and Rome flourish in Rome flourish in the Renaissance the Renaissance and bring the idea and bring the idea of democracy and of democracy and Roman Law back Roman Law back into focus. Years into focus. Years of feudalism in the of feudalism in the Middle Ages gave Middle Ages gave most few rights.most few rights.

Crusades and Black DeathCrusades and Black Death

The Crusades The Crusades provided an provided an opportunity for opportunity for people from all people from all over the world to over the world to come together and come together and share goods and share goods and ideas and was a ideas and was a great influence on great influence on trade.trade.

Crusades and Black DeathCrusades and Black Death Trade routes would Trade routes would

open up and towns open up and towns would grow into would grow into trading centers. The trading centers. The Mongols would Mongols would become the known become the known protector of the Silk protector of the Silk Road. These trade Road. These trade routes could have routes could have been the way the been the way the Black Plague made its Black Plague made its way to devastating way to devastating Europe, killing almost Europe, killing almost half of the population.half of the population.

RenaissanceRenaissance The Renaissance brought The Renaissance brought

about a search for about a search for knowledge and a search knowledge and a search for wealth. As cities grew for wealth. As cities grew and encouraged the works and encouraged the works of Michelangelo, DaVinci of Michelangelo, DaVinci and Dante, they were also and Dante, they were also becoming rich from trade becoming rich from trade and wanted it to expand. and wanted it to expand. The Medici family were the The Medici family were the best known – rich Italian best known – rich Italian merchants so powerful merchants so powerful they provided several of they provided several of the popes.the popes.

Setting Sail: The VikingsSetting Sail: The Vikings The Vikings would be The Vikings would be

the first Europeans to the first Europeans to reach North America. reach North America. The Vikings had raided The Vikings had raided Europe for years and Europe for years and would under Leif would under Leif Erickson would go to Erickson would go to Greenland and onto Greenland and onto the Labrador the Labrador peninsula of Canada. peninsula of Canada. This was in 1000AD. This was in 1000AD. Other Europeans Other Europeans would not show up for would not show up for several centuries.several centuries.

Prince Henry is NextPrince Henry is Next

In the 1400’s, Portugal In the 1400’s, Portugal under Prince Henry under Prince Henry the Navigator became the Navigator became a leader in a leader in exploration. Although exploration. Although Henry never sailed Henry never sailed himself, he built a himself, he built a school and school and observatory and observatory and trained explorers and trained explorers and even financed even financed voyages.voyages.

Riches in AsiaRiches in Asia

Reasons to Explore the WorldReasons to Explore the World Desire for Asian spices and other Desire for Asian spices and other

goods, if a route could be found their goods, if a route could be found their they could deal direct.they could deal direct.

Christians in Europe wanted to Christians in Europe wanted to convert more to the faith.convert more to the faith.

Marco Polo spurred and interest in Marco Polo spurred and interest in Asian culture.Asian culture.

Technological AdvancesTechnological Advances

Many advances Many advances helped sailing. The helped sailing. The magnetic compass magnetic compass and astrolabe helped and astrolabe helped navigation and navigation and building ships that building ships that were lighter and were lighter and easier to steer and easier to steer and caravel sails that caravel sails that allowed ships to sail allowed ships to sail into the wind were all into the wind were all big advances.big advances.

Early Sea Routes to AsiaEarly Sea Routes to Asia

Portuguese sailors Portuguese sailors Dias would go to the Dias would go to the tip of Africa and da tip of Africa and da Gama who would go Gama who would go around the tip to India around the tip to India were the first to were the first to attempt. Da Gama attempt. Da Gama was shocked when was shocked when Muslim traders spoke Muslim traders spoke to him in Portuguese – to him in Portuguese – how’d that happen?how’d that happen?

Results of ExplorationResults of Exploration

This start would This start would mark Portugal for mark Portugal for major impact in major impact in other European other European nations seeing the nations seeing the wealth coming wealth coming from trade and the from trade and the beginning of beginning of transatlantic slave transatlantic slave trade. trade.

Slave Trade StartsSlave Trade Starts Portuguese sailors Portuguese sailors

would trade for gold, would trade for gold, ivory and slaves. ivory and slaves. They would send the They would send the slaves to the islands of slaves to the islands of the Atlantic. Slaves the Atlantic. Slaves would be captured by would be captured by other Africans and other Africans and turned over to the turned over to the Portuguese. It would Portuguese. It would devastate interior devastate interior Africa by increasing Africa by increasing warfare and breaking warfare and breaking up many families.up many families.

African Slave TradeAfrican Slave Trade

Europeans Reach the AmericasEuropeans Reach the Americas

Christopher Columbus, Christopher Columbus, an Italian explorer will an Italian explorer will have King Ferdinand have King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of and Queen Isabella of Spain eager to pay for Spain eager to pay for his transatlantic his transatlantic voyage in hopes of voyage in hopes of parlaying their parlaying their investment into great investment into great wealth. A good bet!wealth. A good bet!

Landing and Meeting the NativesLanding and Meeting the Natives

It was a rough It was a rough journey, but in journey, but in October of 1492, October of 1492, Columbus and his Columbus and his crew would land on a crew would land on a small island in the small island in the Bahamas – thus Bahamas – thus making it to the New making it to the New World. He would also World. He would also visit Hispaniola on this visit Hispaniola on this trip and meet up with trip and meet up with the Natives there, the the Natives there, the Tainos. Believing he Tainos. Believing he was in Asia, he called was in Asia, he called these natives, Indians.these natives, Indians.

First RelationsFirst Relations

The Tainos lived a The Tainos lived a simple life of farming. simple life of farming. Columbus would write Columbus would write of how generous they of how generous they were. Columbus and were. Columbus and his crew were not his crew were not interested in Taino interested in Taino culture, but gold and culture, but gold and the exotic plants and the exotic plants and animals, which they animals, which they brought back to Spain.brought back to Spain.

Final notes on ColumbusFinal notes on Columbus

Columbus would Columbus would make three more make three more trips to the trips to the Americas, Americas, returning to Spain returning to Spain for good in 1504 in for good in 1504 in poor health. He poor health. He would believe he would believe he had been in Asia had been in Asia for the rest of his for the rest of his life.life.

Impact of Columbus VoyagesImpact of Columbus Voyages Columbus’s voyages Columbus’s voyages

changed the way changed the way Europeans saw the Europeans saw the world, brought about world, brought about intensified rivalries. intensified rivalries. Pope Alexander VI Pope Alexander VI would decree a line of would decree a line of Demarcation dividing Demarcation dividing the Atlantic between the Atlantic between Spain and Portugal. Spain and Portugal. To avoid war they To avoid war they would agree to Treaty would agree to Treaty of Tordesillas – 800 of Tordesillas – 800 miles farther west –miles farther west –great idea Portugal.great idea Portugal.

Other ExplorersOther Explorers Vespucci will chart the North American coast.Vespucci will chart the North American coast. Balboa will go farther west and be the first Balboa will go farther west and be the first

European to touch the Pacific,European to touch the Pacific, Magellan will be credited with being the first to Magellan will be credited with being the first to

circumnavigate the globe although, he was killed circumnavigate the globe although, he was killed but his crew did finish. but his crew did finish.

The Greatest early accomplishment would be the The Greatest early accomplishment would be the trade of goods between Europe, Africa and the trade of goods between Europe, Africa and the New World known as the Columbian Exchange.New World known as the Columbian Exchange.

The French, Dutch and English will soon follow The French, Dutch and English will soon follow with their own explorers – but that is for another with their own explorers – but that is for another time.time.

Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange

Stay tuned next time for …Stay tuned next time for …

Empires and SettlementsEmpires and Settlements

American HistoryAmerican History

The Early Days part 3The Early Days part 3

Empire Building in the New Empire Building in the New WorldWorld

Conquest of the AztecsConquest of the Aztecs The Aztecs and mighty The Aztecs and mighty

Montezuma would see Montezuma would see the Spanish first as the Spanish first as Gods or messengers Gods or messengers of a God and made it of a God and made it easy for the Spanish easy for the Spanish to take over. They to take over. They destroyed destroyed Tenochtitlan and killed Tenochtitlan and killed Montezuma. Small Montezuma. Small pox and overwork pox and overwork would take care of the would take care of the rest.rest.

Conquest of the IncaConquest of the Inca Pizarro would do the Pizarro would do the

same thing to the same thing to the Incas. He and 400 Incas. He and 400 men brought down men brought down the entire Inca Empire the entire Inca Empire and killed its leaders and killed its leaders with the help of other with the help of other natives. The natives. The motivation for both motivation for both conquests – gold and conquests – gold and riches … and maybe riches … and maybe to convert the natives.to convert the natives.

Spanish SettlementsSpanish Settlements Spanish settlements had several specific Spanish settlements had several specific

items as part of its set up.items as part of its set up.1.1. Non Christians not allowed in New SpainNon Christians not allowed in New Spain2.2. New Spain was ruled through Royal office New Spain was ruled through Royal office

with Viceroyalty at top.with Viceroyalty at top.3.3. They built Missions for the Church, They built Missions for the Church,

Presidios to protect the region, Pueblos Presidios to protect the region, Pueblos as government/trading centers and as government/trading centers and finally towns.finally towns.

4.4. The largest and most central building in The largest and most central building in each settlement was the church.each settlement was the church.

Checking out the BordersChecking out the Borders In the Southeast, Ponce de In the Southeast, Ponce de

Leon landed in Puerto Rico Leon landed in Puerto Rico and would famously and would famously discover Florida and search discover Florida and search for the Fountain of Youth. for the Fountain of Youth. 20 years later, DeSoto 20 years later, DeSoto would explore the Gulf would explore the Gulf Coast region and then Coast region and then move up the Atlantic Coast move up the Atlantic Coast of Georgia and the of Georgia and the Carolinas. He would Carolinas. He would discover the Mississippi discover the Mississippi River and the Oklahoma River and the Oklahoma territory in 1541 before his territory in 1541 before his death a year later.death a year later.

Checking out the BordersChecking out the Borders

Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca and his Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca and his group would go from Florida around group would go from Florida around the Gulf Coast to the American the Gulf Coast to the American Southwest. The group would become Southwest. The group would become shipwrecked on Galveston Island shipwrecked on Galveston Island almost wiping the entire party out almost wiping the entire party out (Only de Vaca and 3 others (Only de Vaca and 3 others survived). Luckily, the survivors survived). Luckily, the survivors were captured by the natives and were captured by the natives and enslaved. Wait???enslaved. Wait???

Checking out the BordersChecking out the Borders

After 6 years, they After 6 years, they escaped and walked escaped and walked on foot throughout the on foot throughout the southwest, receiving southwest, receiving help from other native help from other native groups as they groups as they traveled. De Vaca traveled. De Vaca would return to Spain would return to Spain and become an and become an advocate for better advocate for better treatment of Natives.treatment of Natives.

Checking out the BordersChecking out the Borders De Vaca would also De Vaca would also

write a book of his write a book of his adventures and stories adventures and stories of rumors of the great of rumors of the great riches that could be riches that could be found in North found in North America – Eldorado, if America – Eldorado, if you will. This inspired you will. This inspired many other explorers many other explorers such as Coronado to such as Coronado to search the region for search the region for the 7 cities of Gold.the 7 cities of Gold.

RichesRiches

From 1503 to From 1503 to 1660, Spanish 1660, Spanish ships loaded with ships loaded with gold, silver and gold, silver and other riches would other riches would travel between travel between Spain and the New Spain and the New World. However, World. However, somebody would somebody would have to pay a pricehave to pay a price

Woe to the NativeWoe to the Native

The Spanish government would set up the The Spanish government would set up the system called encomienda that allowed system called encomienda that allowed Spanish settlers to tax the Natives and Spanish settlers to tax the Natives and force them to work. In return, they would force them to work. In return, they would protect the Natives and convert them to protect the Natives and convert them to Christianity …. If they didn’t die first. Christianity …. If they didn’t die first. Natives were treated as slaves, Natives were treated as slaves, overworked, treated cruelly and along with overworked, treated cruelly and along with disease, killed most of them off. However, disease, killed most of them off. However, the large plantations did provide huge the large plantations did provide huge profits to the owners.profits to the owners.

Spanish PlantationSpanish Plantation

Role of the Catholic ChurchRole of the Catholic Church The Church played a The Church played a

major role in the major role in the interaction between interaction between Natives and the Natives and the Spanish. They were Spanish. They were commissioned to commissioned to convert the Natives. A convert the Natives. A priest by the name of priest by the name of Las Casas would try to Las Casas would try to use kindness, love and use kindness, love and gentleness as methods gentleness as methods to conversion. Although to conversion. Although agreed to by Spanish agreed to by Spanish monarchs, few followed monarchs, few followed this lead.this lead.

Changes in Europe: ReformationChanges in Europe: Reformation

The Protestant The Protestant Reformation would Reformation would split Europe into split Europe into Catholic and Catholic and Protestant regions. Protestant regions. These regions had These regions had a healthy rivalry a healthy rivalry that would spread that would spread to the race for to the race for Empire building.Empire building.

Spain V. EnglandSpain V. England Spain’s King Philip II Spain’s King Philip II

would lead a would lead a Reformation against Reformation against the Protestants. This the Protestants. This would culminate in the would culminate in the battle between battle between England and the England and the Spanish Armada. A Spanish Armada. A smaller and quicker smaller and quicker English Navy will English Navy will shock the world be shock the world be defeating the mighty defeating the mighty Armada.Armada.

Search for the Northwest PassageSearch for the Northwest Passage

The Northwest The Northwest Passage was rumored Passage was rumored to be a quicker way to be a quicker way through the New through the New World to the Indies World to the Indies and all of Europe and all of Europe would search for it and would search for it and find things along the find things along the way. John Cabot way. John Cabot would sail for England would sail for England and although he left and although he left little records of his little records of his voyages, they were voyages, they were the basis for later the basis for later voyages.voyages.

Northwest PassageNorthwest Passage

Verrazano would Verrazano would travel the Atlantic travel the Atlantic Coast from the Coast from the Carolinas to Maine. Carolinas to Maine. Cartier would sail Cartier would sail for France twice for France twice and go down the and go down the St. Lawrence and St. Lawrence and claim the areas of claim the areas of Quebec and Quebec and Montreal for FranceMontreal for France

Northwest PassageNorthwest Passage

The Dutch would The Dutch would send Henry Hudson send Henry Hudson who would sail into who would sail into northern Canada northern Canada and find Hudson and find Hudson Bay – although in Bay – although in his 2his 2ndnd trip for trip for England. None of England. None of the Explorers the Explorers would find the would find the Northwest PassageNorthwest Passage

English PresenceEnglish Presence

In the late 1500’s, In the late 1500’s, England decided to set England decided to set up shop permanently up shop permanently on North America. Sir on North America. Sir Walter Raleigh was Walter Raleigh was given a charter and given a charter and sent an expedition sent an expedition that landed in present that landed in present day Virginia and North day Virginia and North Carolina. He named Carolina. He named the area Virginia.the area Virginia.

English Presence IIEnglish Presence II

The next The next expedition would expedition would land at Roanoke land at Roanoke Island. This colony Island. This colony has lots of issues has lots of issues that we will that we will examine next week examine next week in our video The in our video The Lost Colony. A lot Lost Colony. A lot was learned from was learned from this effort.this effort.

French PresenceFrench Presence

The French would The French would come to the New come to the New World in two areas. World in two areas. Huguenots built Huguenots built settlements in Florida settlements in Florida in 1564. The Spanish in 1564. The Spanish would come along and would come along and destroy these destroy these settlements and drive settlements and drive them out. I guess them out. I guess nobody liked the nobody liked the Huguenots!Huguenots!

CanadaCanada

Samuel de Champlain Samuel de Champlain began to explore began to explore North America and North America and opened up much of opened up much of the region along the the region along the St. Lawrence River. St. Lawrence River. Many Frenchmen Many Frenchmen would come to hunt, would come to hunt, trap and fish in the trap and fish in the region. Missionaries region. Missionaries would also move into would also move into the area.the area.

French Presence: InteriorFrench Presence: Interior

Marquette and Marquette and Joliet would explore Joliet would explore and find the and find the Mississippi River Mississippi River and follow as far as and follow as far as Arkansas. La Salle Arkansas. La Salle would later follow would later follow the Mississippi to the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico.the Gulf of Mexico.

French FortsFrench Forts

The French would The French would build forts to protect build forts to protect their interests, trading their interests, trading posts to take care of posts to take care of business and business and developed good developed good relations with the relations with the Natives as they traded Natives as they traded fairly, lived amongst fairly, lived amongst them and even them and even intermarried – my intermarried – my family is an example.family is an example.

Dutch PresenceDutch Presence The Dutch would come and The Dutch would come and

claim the area between claim the area between the Delaware and Hudson the Delaware and Hudson Rivers, naming the land Rivers, naming the land New Netherlands. The New Netherlands. The story of Peter Minuit story of Peter Minuit buying Manhattan Island buying Manhattan Island from the Natives for $24 is from the Natives for $24 is part of this. The Dutch part of this. The Dutch allowed members of all allowed members of all religions to settle there.religions to settle there.

https://www.youtube.com/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EB6VGKccul8watch?v=EB6VGKccul8

Swedish PresenceSwedish Presence

Peter Minuit would Peter Minuit would also help form New also help form New Sweden along the Sweden along the Delaware River. Fort Delaware River. Fort Christina was Christina was established in 1638. established in 1638. The colony was small, The colony was small, but the Dutch felt but the Dutch felt threatened, so they threatened, so they took it in battle. They took it in battle. They did however allow the did however allow the Swedes to stay.Swedes to stay.

Portuguese PresencePortuguese Presence

Yeah … not really. Yeah … not really. Remember the Remember the Treaty of Treaty of Tordesillas? Tordesillas? Portugal will have Portugal will have Brazil and an island Brazil and an island or two, but not be or two, but not be a major player in a major player in things to come – things to come – they will even give they will even give up Brazil in the endup Brazil in the end

The RussiansThe Russians

We often forget about We often forget about the presence of the presence of Mother Russia in the Mother Russia in the New World. From New World. From early times they had early times they had colonies in Alaska and colonies in Alaska and along the Pacific coast along the Pacific coast almost to Washington. almost to Washington. They mined and They mined and trapped and formed trapped and formed communities like Sitka communities like Sitka in Southern Alaska.in Southern Alaska.

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Africans Come to the AmericasAfricans Come to the Americas