American PoliticsCHAPTER 6

First to rule a nation based on the people’s will

WASHINGTON’S NEW GOVERNMENT

Judiciary Act of 1789Supreme CourtChief Justice5 Associate Justices3 Federal Circuit Courts13 Federal District CourtsState Court Decisions could be appealed to Federal CourtSupreme Law of the Land

ESTABLISHMENT OF JUDICIAL SYSTEM

Department of State (foreign affairs) – Thomas JeffersonDepartment of War (military matters) – Henry KnoxDepartment of Treasury (manage finances) – Alexander

Hamilton

WASHINGTON’S CABINET

Sec. of TreasuryWanted Government to take over state debtsProposed the establishment of a National BankWanted a nation of large cities with factoriesPowerful central governmentFederalist

ALEXANDER HAMILTON

Sec. of StateAgainst Hamilton’s planWanted a nation of small farmers and a rural societyWanted the power of the government in the hands of the

peopleStarted the Jeffersonian Republicans or the Democratic-

Republicans

THOMAS JEFFERSON

Belief of JeffersonGovernment could not do anything unless stated in the

constitutionConstitution did not create a National BankCongress could not create one

STRICT CONSTRUCTION

Belief of HamiltonGovernment could do anything the Constitution did not forbidConstitution did not forbid creating a National BankCongress could create one

LOOSE CONSTRUCTION

1st serious test of government’s ability to enforce laws1794 – western PennsylvaniaUprising against the tax on corn liquorMilitia – Led by Gen. “Light Horse” Harry Lee – stopped the

rebellionGovernment proved it would enforce laws

WHISKEY REBELLION

Jefferson wanted to support FrenchHamilton wanted to support British

INVOLVEMENT IN FRENCH REVOLUTION

U.S. would not take sidesWashington warned against U.S. involvementHe made it illegal for Americans to joins the forces of foreign

countries

PROCLAMATION OF NEUTRALITY

Policy practiced by the BritishBritish navy would capture American sailors and force them

to serve in the British navy

IMPRESSMENT

Signed Nov. 1794 by U.S. Chief Justice John JayBritain agreed to remove troops from NW Territory by June

1796

JAY’S TREATY

Warns the nation of 2 things1. avoid foreign conflicts2. formation of political parties

WASHINGTON’S FAREWELL ADDRESS

Federalist – John AdamsDemocratic-Republican – Thomas JeffersonAdams won 71-68

ELECTION OF 1796

President Adams sent 3 officials to Paris to negotiate with France

France was angry because of Jay’s TreatyCharles Pinckney, Elbridge Gerry, and John MarshallFrance demanded 250,000 bribe and 10 million loan to

negotiateFrance also threatened to organize revolts

XYZ AFFAIR

Undeclared war between U.S. and France in 1798-1789

QUASI WAR

Alien Act – president had right to imprison or deport citizens of other countries in the U.S.

Sedition Act – government could fine or imprison a person who wrote, published, or said anything of false nature against the government

ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS

Stated that they had the right to judge whether a law agreed with the constitution

Could declare it null and void

VIRGINIA & KENTUCKY RESOLUTIONS

1800 – Richmond, VirginiaLed by Gabriel ProsserWanted to take over Richmond and win freedomRebellion failed

PROSSER’S REBELLION

Republican – Thomas JeffersonFederalist – Aaron BurrFederalists – John Adams Jefferson and Burr tied in electoral college with 73 votesHouse of Rep. chose Jefferson Led to 12th Amendment

ELECTION OF 1800

Both in 1804 gubernatorial race in New YorkBurr killed Hamilton in duel

BURR & HAMILTON DUEL

Established a national court system with three circuit courts and 13 district courts

Highest – Supreme CourtSupreme would settle differences between state and federal

laws

JUDICIARY ACT OF 1789

Decreased the number of Supreme Court justices

Increased the number of federal judgesFederalist were trying to

1. decrease Jefferson’s opportunity to appoint judges2, increase Federalists power in district judges who served for life

Adams appointed the new judicial posts before leaving office

JUDICIARY ACT OF 1801

Court case in 1803Marbury sued Madison (sec. of state)Marbury was to be the justice of peace for the District of

ColumbiaThe commission had not been deliveredMarbury wanted the court to order Madison to deliver the

commissionCourt ruled that part of the 1789 law was unconstitutional

MARBURY V. MADISON

Chief Justice – John MarshallEstablished the power of judicial reviewEnables federal courts to review state laws and court

decisions to determine if they are within the guidelines of the Constitution

MARBURY CONTINUED

1803 Jefferson wanted to purchase New Orleans from France for $10 million

Sent James Monroe and Robert LivingstonNapoleon would not sell New OrleansWanted to sell Louisiana for $15 millionAdded 90,000 sq. miles Nearly doubled the size of the U.S.

LOUISIANA PURCHASE

1804-1806 explored the Louisiana PurchaseSacajawea – Shosoni princess – guide

LEWIS & CLARK

1805-1806 Explored upper Mississippi Valley and Arkansas River

ZEBULON PIKE

June 1807Captured by the British warship LeopardCongress passed an embargo on Britain

U.S.S CHESAPEAKE INCIDENT

Attempt to force Britain and France to recognize the neutral shipping rights of American merchants

Very unpopular with New EnglandersStarted smuggling goods Jefferson was not liked

EMBARGO ACT OF 1807

Elected President in 1809

JAMES MADISON

Led by Shawnee chief Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawa

Organized a confederacy of tribes in the Mississippi ValleyOpposed white settlement

TECUMSEH’S CONFEDERACY

Shawnees led by Teskwatawa U.S. led by Gen. William Henry HarrisonU.S. broke the Tecumseh Confederation

BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE

Led by Henry Clay of Kentucky and John C. Calhoun of South Carolina

Wanted war with the BritishWanted to force them out of North AmericaStop Native American attacks in the West

WAR HAWKS

Believed they encouraged Native American attacksPracticed of impressmentWar HawksRe-election

FACTORS THAT PRESSURED MADISON TO GO TO WAR WITH BRITAIN IN THE WAR OF 1812

Battle of Thames – Oct. 1813 – Gen. Harrison defeated the British and Native Americans

Battle of Horseshoe Bend – March 1814- Gen. Jackson defeated Creek Indians in Alabama

WAR OF 1812 (LAND)

June 1813 – Commander Perry defeated the British on Lake Erie

Gave the U.S. control of the lakeHelped to protect our northern boundary

NAVAL WAR

Aug. 24, 1814 – British attackedCapitol and White House burned

BURNING OF WASHINGTON D.C.

British attacked the Baltimore harborStar Spangled Banner flew over the fort during the attackFrancis Scott Key wrote the National Anthem while watching

the attackAmericans did force the British back

BATTLE OF FORT MCHENRY

Secret meeting of New England Federalist party membersMet in Hartford, ConnecticutDissatisfied with the war with New EnglandMA, CT, NH, VT, RI adopted a states rights positionCall for Constitutional amendments instead of succession

HARTFORD CONVENTION

Ended War of 1812Britain gave up all territory in NW

TREATY OF GHENT

Took place after the Treaty of GhentDec. 23, 1814Britain tried to take New OrleansGen. Jackson led the AmericansDefeated the BritishRestored patriotism Ended the war on a good note

BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS

James Monroe elected President

ELECTION OF 1816

U.S. economy experiences a depression

PANIC OF 1819

U.S. had a balance of slave states and free states (11 each)Missouri wanted to become a stateMissouri became a slave stateMaine became a free stateBanned slavery in Louisiana Purchase north of Arkansas (36,

30 line)

MISSOURI COMPROMISE