american power during world war i. selective service act may 1917 raising an army for fighting ...
TRANSCRIPT
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AMERICAN POWER DURING WORLD WAR I
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Selective Service Act
May 1917
Raising an army for fighting Draft, lottery, volunteer
Under this, 24 million men registered 3 million chosen by
lottery
Ages 18-45
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Americans at War
Training lasted 9 months In U.S. and Europe 17 hour days Movies, books, shows to keep morale up
Women NOT drafted Couldn’t enlist either Navy accepted them (noncombat positions)
Nurses, secretaries, and telephone operators Army reluctant to accept them
Didn’t rank, pay or give benefits
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African Americans
Separated living quarters and rec facilities
Trained some to be officers and put them in command of black troops
Assigned to noncombat duties
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America in War – Shipyards
Construction of ships Problem: Draft reduced number of skilled
shipyard workers
SO U.S. government took some steps… 1. Exempted shipyard workers from draft 2. Campaigned to emphasize importance of
shipyard work3. Shipyards use fabrication technique4. Gov. took private owned ships and
converted them
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America in War - Navy
America wanted a strong navy! To combat the U-boats!
Convoy System Merchant vessels travel in large groups with
a guard of destroyers and cruisers.
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Fighting “Over There”
Many soldiers never ventured outside small towns or farms
New Weapons Poison Gas Machine Guns Tanks
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New Weapons
Machine Guns 600 rounds of
ammunition per minute
Poison Gas Tubes that spewed
gas – a greensih-yellow fog of chlorine
Gas masks became standard after this
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Mechanized Warfare
Tanks Bullets bounce off Developed by the British
Airplanes Early airplanes flimsy Used for recon missions Eventually they became
faster and able to carry heavy loads
http://www.history.com/shows/dogfights/videos/split-s-fighter-jet#split-s-fighter-jet
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Medical Care
Red Cross ambulances carried soldiers to hospital Staffed by volunteers
Soldiers suffered from many things… Filth, lice, rats, polluted water Poison gas Reek of decaying bodies Lack of sleep “Shell shock” Trench foot Trench mouth
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Americans fighting in Europe
Fresh and enthusiastic! Determined to hit
the Germans hard General John J.
Pershing – American Expeditionary Force American infantry
men nicknamed “doughboys”http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/
speeches#john-j-pershing-addresses-the-us-from-france
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Russia says Bye-Bye
Russia economy collapsing due to war
Russian people unhappy with how government was handling the war So Tsar Nicholas II abdicated
from throne and Provisional Government set in
Rise of Bolshevik Party – led by Vladimir Lenin
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The Tide Turns
Central Powers starting to weaken
Alvin York Mountaineer from Tennessee Captured 132 prisoners and
killed 25 Germans Pershing called him
“outstanding” “The greatest thing
accomplished by any private soldier of all armies of Europe”