amla cultivation -eswar

7/28/2019 Amla Cultivation -Eswar

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Classification

Kingdom : PlantaeDivision Flowering plant

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order : Malpighiales

Family : Phyllanthaceae

Tribe : Phyllantheae

Subtribe : Fluegginae

Genus : PhyllanthusSpecies: P. emblica

Botanical name : Phyllanthus emblica


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medicinal plant

amla Introduction:

The Amla or Neelikkai is also called Amalka in Hindi.

Sanskrit its name is Amalaki, which translates as thesustainer or the fruit where the goddess of prosperitypresides.

The English term for Amla is Indian gooseberry; EmblicMyrobalam

It is a small tree with leathery leaves and a fleshy fruit.


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Amla is one of the richestnaturalsources of vitaminC,

itsfreshjuicecontainingnearlytwenty times as much vitamin C as

orange juice.

A single tiny Amla is equivalent in vitamin C content to twooranges.

Clinical tests on patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosishave shown that this high concentrate is more quickly assimilatedthen the synthetic vitamin.

Stamps are also released on amla


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Amala Plant:

A small to medium sized deciduous tree, 8-18m.in height with crooked trunk and spreadingbranches.

Leaves simple, sub sessile;

flower greenish-yellow;

fruit nearly spherical pale yellow with 6 verticalfurrows


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Cultivation

SOIL AND CLIMATE

Amla can be grown in light as well as heavy soils except purelysandy soil.

Calcareous soil with rocky substratum can also be good. However,well drained fertile loamy soil is the best for higher yield.

The plant have capacity for adaptation to dry regions and can alsogrow in moderately alkaline soils.

It is grown extensively under tropical condition. Annual rainfall of630-800 mm have given good yield.

The young plants up to the age of 3 years should be protected fromhot wind during May-June and from frost during winter months.

The mature plants can tolerate freezing temperature as well as

temperature up to 460C


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PLANTING

Amla is generally propagated through seeds, but seed

propagated trees bear inferior quality fruits and have along gestation period.

Shield budding is done on one year old seedlings withbuds collected from superior strains yielding big size

fruits.

Older trees of inferior types can be rejuvenated andeasily changed into superior type by top working.

The pits of 1m3 are prepared during May-June at adistance of 4.5 m spacing and should be left for 15-20days exposed to sunlight.

Each pit should be filled with surface soil mixed with 15kg farm yard manure and one kg of super phosphate


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THINNING AND WEEDING

Weeding & Hoeing is required innursery

MANURES FERTILISERS &


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MANURES,FERTILISERS &PESTICIDES

The medicinal plants have to be grown without chemical fertilizers anduse of pesticides.

Organic manures like, Farm Yard Manure (FYM), Vermi-Compost,Green Manure etc.

may be used as per requirement of the species.

To prevent diseases, bio-pesticides could be prepared (either single ormixture) from Neem (kernel, seeds & leaves),Chitrakmool, Dhatura, Cow's urine etc.

Biofertilizers such as Azotobacter, phosphobacterium and VesicularArbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) boost the plant growth


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IRRIGATION

Amla plants hardly require irrigation during monsoon.

Young plants require watering during summer months at 15 daysinterval till they have fully established.

Watering of mature fruit bearing plants is advised during summermonths at bi-weekly intervals to increase fruit set and to reduce fruitdrop.

It responds very well to drip irrigation.

After the monsoon rains, during October-December about 25-30 litresof water per day per tree through drips should be given


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HARVESTING/ POST HARVESTING

Amla seedlings start bearing fruits in 7-8 years afterplanting, while the budded clones will start bearing fruitsfrom the 5th year onwards.

The fruits are light green at first, but when they maturebecome dull greenish yellow.

Best harvesting time of Amla fruits is February when thefruits have maximum ascorbic acid content. In South India,fruits are found throughout the year.


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The mature fruits are hard and they do not fall forgentle touch and therefore vigorous shaking isrequired.

For getting attractive prices fruits after harvestshould be made into different grades dependingon the size.

Fruits can also be harvested using long bamboopoles attached with hooks.


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YIELD

A matured tree of about 10 years will yield 50-70 kg offruit.

The average weight of the fruits is 60-70 g. One kgcontains about 1`5-20 number of fruits.

A well maintained tree will be yielding up to an age of 70years.

The yield increases year by year up to 50 years.


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Amala as Medicinal Herb

Amla is one of the richest natural sources ofvitamin C, its fresh juice containing nearly twentytimes as much vitamin C as orange juice.

Clinical tests on patients suffering frompulmonary tuberculosis have shown that this highconcentrate is more quickly assimilated then the

synthetic vitamin.


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It is an ingredient of many Ayurvedicmedicines and tonics, as it removesexcessive salivation, nausea, vomiting,

giddiness, spermatorrhoea, internal bodyheat and menstrual disorders.

Because it is also cooling, it increasessattwa, and is an excellent liver tonic


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Ayurveda recommends taking a tonic made fromthe fruit throughout the winter months.

The fresh fruit is a diuretic and a laxative.

A cooling and refreshing drink can be made from it.

Ayurvedic doctors ( Vaidya) recommend drinkingthe juice during the summer months when the bodys functionsbecome sluggish due to the heat.

To clear the bowels and correct digestion boil four teaspoons

of Amla powder, four teaspoons of Myrobalans Chebulic andfour teaspoons of Bahera, in twenty ounces of water.

For best results, two ounces should be consumed inthe early morning on an empty stomach.


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The dried Amla fruit is astringent and useful in cases ofdiarrhoea and dysentery. It is also a very important ingredient in the

famous Chyavanaprash, and a constituent ofTriphala (three fruits) powder. The application of a small quantity of Amla oil to the headbefore bathing removes diseases of the eyes,

night blindness and bilious giddiness. Amla confection is used in syphilis, flatulence,bronchitis, asthma and consumption. A series of clinicaltests on the Amla have found that thefruit contains elements that are anti-viral,raise the total protein level in the body,activate the adrenaline response, and protect againsttremors and convulsionsbeauty The Amla is also said to bestow .


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Unlike other preserves Amla does not lose its properties

over time but retains its curative power and quality. Dried Amla is an excellent digestive,which can be consumed after food.According to Ayurveda the traditional medicine system of

India Amla fruit is one of the strongest rejuvenators. Amla rebuilds new tissues and increases the red blood cell counIt cleanses the mouth, strengthens the teeth,stops the bleeding of gums andimproves eyesight. it nourishes the bones and promotes the growth of healthy,

lustrous hair and strong nails It is considered acrid, cooling, astringent, diuretic and laxative.


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Amla has most anti-diabetic property.

To prevent or cure diabetes take a fresh one-fourth cup ofAmla ora tea spoon of Amla powder with a tea spoon ofturmeric powder everyday.


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Other uses of Amala

The fruits are used in the preparation of writing inks and hair dyes.

The dried fruit is used as shampoo for the head. The leaves and fruitsare used as fodder for cattle.

The leaves contain a brownish yellow colouring matter.

The wood is red, hard and close-grained; it is liable to split. It is used foragricultural implements, poles and inferior building and furniture work.

It is durable under water and is suited for well-work. Amla oil is used as a hair conditioner and an effective preventing for

balding and graying of hair


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The wood is red, hard and close-grained; it is liable tsplit. It is used for agricultural implements, poles and

inferior building and furniture work.

It is durable under water and is suited for well-work.

Amla oil is used as a hair conditioner and an effectivpreventing for balding and graying of hair


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Food value in Amala

The nutrition values of Amala are: moisture, 91.4;mineral matter, 0.7; fibre, 3.4; calorie, 96(energy); protein, 0.9; fat, 0.1; carbohydrate,6.9g.; calcium, 34; iron, 1.2; vitamin B-1, 0.02;vitamin B-2, 0.08, and vitamin C 463mg./100gms.

The fruit juice contains nearly 20 times as muchvitamin C as orange juice and a single fruit isequal in antiscorbutic value to one or two oranges


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Amala Side Effects

No side effect is found.


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Economics

Amla is economically viable and bigger fruits can be gotfrom the third year of planting.

Each plant will yield about 25 kg of fruits a year. Whenthe trees are five years old, the yield per tree will gradually

rise to 50 kg a year. From the 8 th year onwards, the average output per tree

will be about 100 kg a year.

The cost of raising an amla plantation may be upto to Rs.1.25 lakh per hectare.

The returns from the third year of planting, at an averageprice of Rs. 10 a kg of fruits, will be about Rs. 2.5 lakhs


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Modern Research

Amla was shown to be an effective foodsupplement during the treatment ofinsulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, at a

study in Coimbatore


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amla cultivation -eswar

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