amos 3:3 shows the importance of agreeing on doctrine

Church of God, Church of God, a Worldwide Associationa Worldwide Association


The Plurality of the GodheadThe Plurality of the GodheadThe Plurality of the GodheadThe Plurality of the Godhead

Instructor: Jim FranksInstructor: Jim FranksDate: February 2011Date: February 2011Instructor: Jim FranksInstructor: Jim FranksDate: February 2011Date: February 2011 © 2011 Church of God, a Worldwide Associationa Worldwide Association© 2011 Church of God, a Worldwide Associationa Worldwide Association

Fundamental BeliefsFundamental BeliefsFundamental BeliefsFundamental Beliefs

Plurality of the Godhead 2011Plurality of the Godhead 2011

Fundamental Beliefs of the Church of GodFundamental Beliefs of the Church of GodFundamental Beliefs of the Church of GodFundamental Beliefs of the Church of God

Amos 3:3 shows the Amos 3:3 shows the importance of importance of agreeing on doctrine.agreeing on doctrine.

Amos 3:3 shows the Amos 3:3 shows the importance of importance of agreeing on doctrine.agreeing on doctrine.

““Can two walk together unless they are Can two walk together unless they are agreed?”agreed?”““Can two walk together unless they are Can two walk together unless they are agreed?”agreed?”



Introduction to Doctrine Introduction to Doctrine ReviewReview


1.1. What do the Latin terms “What do the Latin terms “Sola Sola scripturascriptura” and “” and “Sacra Scriptura est Sacra Scriptura est Verbum DeiVerbum Dei” mean?” mean?

Only Scripture; Holy Scripture is the Only Scripture; Holy Scripture is the Word of GodWord of God

1.1. What do the Latin terms “What do the Latin terms “Sola Sola scripturascriptura” and “” and “Sacra Scriptura est Sacra Scriptura est Verbum DeiVerbum Dei” mean?” mean?

Only Scripture; Holy Scripture is the Only Scripture; Holy Scripture is the Word of GodWord of God





2.2. There are two primary Greek words There are two primary Greek words translated “doctrine” or “teaching” in translated “doctrine” or “teaching” in the New Testament. What are they? the New Testament. What are they? What is the difference between the two?What is the difference between the two?

Didache and Didaskalia. Didache Didache and Didaskalia. Didache means teaching. Didaskalia is most means teaching. Didaskalia is most often translated doctrine.often translated doctrine.

2.2. There are two primary Greek words There are two primary Greek words translated “doctrine” or “teaching” in translated “doctrine” or “teaching” in the New Testament. What are they? the New Testament. What are they? What is the difference between the two?What is the difference between the two?

Didache and Didaskalia. Didache Didache and Didaskalia. Didache means teaching. Didaskalia is most means teaching. Didaskalia is most often translated doctrine.often translated doctrine.





3.3. Explain 2 Timothy 3:16-17. What is the Explain 2 Timothy 3:16-17. What is the key word in the Greek and what does it key word in the Greek and what does it mean?mean?

Greek “theo-pneu-stos” means God Greek “theo-pneu-stos” means God breathed. breathed.

3.3. Explain 2 Timothy 3:16-17. What is the Explain 2 Timothy 3:16-17. What is the key word in the Greek and what does it key word in the Greek and what does it mean?mean?

Greek “theo-pneu-stos” means God Greek “theo-pneu-stos” means God breathed. breathed.





4.4. Define Define hermeneuticshermeneutics. .

Interpretation of Scripture in an Interpretation of Scripture in an organized fashion.organized fashion.

4.4. Define Define hermeneuticshermeneutics. .

Interpretation of Scripture in an Interpretation of Scripture in an organized fashion.organized fashion.





5.5. Define Define exegesisexegesis..

To draw out the meaning of the To draw out the meaning of the text.text.

5.5. Define Define exegesisexegesis..

To draw out the meaning of the To draw out the meaning of the text.text.





6.6. What is the origin of the 20 What is the origin of the 20 Fundamental Beliefs?Fundamental Beliefs?

The 20 fundamental beliefs are The 20 fundamental beliefs are based on two documents written based on two documents written by Mr. Herbert W. Armstrong in by Mr. Herbert W. Armstrong in 1938 and 1946.1938 and 1946.

6.6. What is the origin of the 20 What is the origin of the 20 Fundamental Beliefs?Fundamental Beliefs?

The 20 fundamental beliefs are The 20 fundamental beliefs are based on two documents written based on two documents written by Mr. Herbert W. Armstrong in by Mr. Herbert W. Armstrong in 1938 and 1946.1938 and 1946.



Understanding Understanding God… God… Understanding Understanding God… God…



God is not a God is not a popular popular subject in subject in our modern our modern society…society…

God is not a God is not a popular popular subject in subject in our modern our modern society…society…



Fundamental Belief: The GodheadFundamental Belief: The GodheadFundamental Belief: The GodheadFundamental Belief: The Godhead

God the Father is an eternally existing Spirit, a perfect, God the Father is an eternally existing Spirit, a perfect, personal Being of supreme love, intelligence, personal Being of supreme love, intelligence, knowledge, justice, power and authority… There is one knowledge, justice, power and authority… There is one Lord, Jesus Christ, who has eternally existed. God is an Lord, Jesus Christ, who has eternally existed. God is an eternal family currently consisting of the Father and the eternal family currently consisting of the Father and the Son. Both the Father and Son are involved in the Son. Both the Father and Son are involved in the creative work of expanding this family by bringing many creative work of expanding this family by bringing many children (sons and daughters) to glory. The Holy Spirit children (sons and daughters) to glory. The Holy Spirit is the power of God and the Spirit of life eternal, not a is the power of God and the Spirit of life eternal, not a separate entity or being.separate entity or being.

God the Father is an eternally existing Spirit, a perfect, God the Father is an eternally existing Spirit, a perfect, personal Being of supreme love, intelligence, personal Being of supreme love, intelligence, knowledge, justice, power and authority… There is one knowledge, justice, power and authority… There is one Lord, Jesus Christ, who has eternally existed. God is an Lord, Jesus Christ, who has eternally existed. God is an eternal family currently consisting of the Father and the eternal family currently consisting of the Father and the Son. Both the Father and Son are involved in the Son. Both the Father and Son are involved in the creative work of expanding this family by bringing many creative work of expanding this family by bringing many children (sons and daughters) to glory. The Holy Spirit children (sons and daughters) to glory. The Holy Spirit is the power of God and the Spirit of life eternal, not a is the power of God and the Spirit of life eternal, not a separate entity or being.separate entity or being.



????Title of Class: The Plurality of Title of Class: The Plurality of the Godheadthe GodheadTitle of Class: The Plurality of Title of Class: The Plurality of the Godheadthe Godhead

1.1. Does the Godhead consist of one Does the Godhead consist of one being?being?

2.2. Is God a trinity?Is God a trinity?

3.3. Is Jesus Christ God?Is Jesus Christ God?

4.4. What did the New Testament Church What did the New Testament Church believe about God the Father, Jesus believe about God the Father, Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit?Christ and the Holy Spirit?

1.1. Does the Godhead consist of one Does the Godhead consist of one being?being?

2.2. Is God a trinity?Is God a trinity?

3.3. Is Jesus Christ God?Is Jesus Christ God?

4.4. What did the New Testament Church What did the New Testament Church believe about God the Father, Jesus believe about God the Father, Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit?Christ and the Holy Spirit?



What does the Bible What does the Bible tell us about the tell us about the greatness of God?greatness of God?

What does the Bible What does the Bible tell us about the tell us about the greatness of God?greatness of God?

Deuteronomy 29:29Deuteronomy 29:29““The secret things belong to the Lord our God, The secret things belong to the Lord our God, but those things which are revealed belong to us but those things which are revealed belong to us and to our children forever, that we may do all and to our children forever, that we may do all the words of this law.” the words of this law.”

Deuteronomy 29:29Deuteronomy 29:29““The secret things belong to the Lord our God, The secret things belong to the Lord our God, but those things which are revealed belong to us but those things which are revealed belong to us and to our children forever, that we may do all and to our children forever, that we may do all the words of this law.” the words of this law.”



What does the Bible tell What does the Bible tell us about the greatness us about the greatness of God?of God?

What does the Bible tell What does the Bible tell us about the greatness us about the greatness of God?of God?

Isaiah 55:9…Isaiah 55:9…

““For as the heavens are higher than the earth, For as the heavens are higher than the earth, So are my ways higher than your ways, And my So are my ways higher than your ways, And my thoughts than your thoughts.” thoughts than your thoughts.”

Isaiah 55:9…Isaiah 55:9…

““For as the heavens are higher than the earth, For as the heavens are higher than the earth, So are my ways higher than your ways, And my So are my ways higher than your ways, And my thoughts than your thoughts.” thoughts than your thoughts.”



We are warned We are warned about arguing about arguing over words…over words…

We are warned We are warned about arguing about arguing over words…over words…

22 Timothy 2:14Timothy 2:14

““Remind them of these things, charging them Remind them of these things, charging them before the Lord not to strive about words to no before the Lord not to strive about words to no profit, to the ruin of the hearers.” profit, to the ruin of the hearers.”

22 Timothy 2:14Timothy 2:14

““Remind them of these things, charging them Remind them of these things, charging them before the Lord not to strive about words to no before the Lord not to strive about words to no profit, to the ruin of the hearers.” profit, to the ruin of the hearers.”



What did the New Testament Church What did the New Testament Church believe about the Godhead?believe about the Godhead?What did the New Testament Church What did the New Testament Church believe about the Godhead?believe about the Godhead?

• Term “monotheism” does not appear in the Bible. Term “monotheism” does not appear in the Bible. It did not become an issue historically until well It did not become an issue historically until well after the time of Christ.after the time of Christ.

• The concept of “oneness” can be found clearly in The concept of “oneness” can be found clearly in the Old Testament, but how was this interpreted by the Old Testament, but how was this interpreted by the Church?the Church?

• ““It is generally acknowledged that the church father It is generally acknowledged that the church father Tertullian (ca. A.D. 145-220) either coined the term Tertullian (ca. A.D. 145-220) either coined the term [trinity] or was the first to use it with reference to [trinity] or was the first to use it with reference to God” (God” (Harper’s Bible DictionaryHarper’s Bible Dictionary). ).

• Term “monotheism” does not appear in the Bible. Term “monotheism” does not appear in the Bible. It did not become an issue historically until well It did not become an issue historically until well after the time of Christ.after the time of Christ.

• The concept of “oneness” can be found clearly in The concept of “oneness” can be found clearly in the Old Testament, but how was this interpreted by the Old Testament, but how was this interpreted by the Church?the Church?

• ““It is generally acknowledged that the church father It is generally acknowledged that the church father Tertullian (ca. A.D. 145-220) either coined the term Tertullian (ca. A.D. 145-220) either coined the term [trinity] or was the first to use it with reference to [trinity] or was the first to use it with reference to God” (God” (Harper’s Bible DictionaryHarper’s Bible Dictionary). ).



The test of “Christianity” is whether one The test of “Christianity” is whether one accepts the trinity. Groups are labeled accepts the trinity. Groups are labeled as “cults” if they reject the trinity.as “cults” if they reject the trinity.

The test of “Christianity” is whether one The test of “Christianity” is whether one accepts the trinity. Groups are labeled accepts the trinity. Groups are labeled as “cults” if they reject the trinity.as “cults” if they reject the trinity.

The Trinity…The Trinity…The Trinity…The Trinity…



Early drawing Early drawing representing representing the trinity.the trinity.

Early drawing Early drawing representing representing the trinity.the trinity.



““No man can fully explain the Trinity, though in No man can fully explain the Trinity, though in every age scholars have propounded theories and every age scholars have propounded theories and advanced hypotheses to explore this mysterious advanced hypotheses to explore this mysterious Biblical teaching. But despite the worthy efforts of Biblical teaching. But despite the worthy efforts of these scholars, the Trinity is still largely these scholars, the Trinity is still largely incomprehensible to the mind of man. Perhaps the incomprehensible to the mind of man. Perhaps the chief reason for this is that the Trinity is a-logical, chief reason for this is that the Trinity is a-logical, or beyond logic. It, therefore, cannot be made or beyond logic. It, therefore, cannot be made subject to human reason or logic.”subject to human reason or logic.”

““No man can fully explain the Trinity, though in No man can fully explain the Trinity, though in every age scholars have propounded theories and every age scholars have propounded theories and advanced hypotheses to explore this mysterious advanced hypotheses to explore this mysterious Biblical teaching. But despite the worthy efforts of Biblical teaching. But despite the worthy efforts of these scholars, the Trinity is still largely these scholars, the Trinity is still largely incomprehensible to the mind of man. Perhaps the incomprehensible to the mind of man. Perhaps the chief reason for this is that the Trinity is a-logical, chief reason for this is that the Trinity is a-logical, or beyond logic. It, therefore, cannot be made or beyond logic. It, therefore, cannot be made subject to human reason or logic.”subject to human reason or logic.”

Walter Martin, Essential Christianity, Vision House, Santa Anna, 1975, p. 21




““Trinity is, of course, not a biblical word. Neither are Trinity is, of course, not a biblical word. Neither are triunity, trine, trinal, subsistence, nor essence. Yet triunity, trine, trinal, subsistence, nor essence. Yet we employ them, and often helpfully, in trying to we employ them, and often helpfully, in trying to express this doctrine which is so fraught with express this doctrine which is so fraught with difficulties. Furthermore, this is a doctrine which in difficulties. Furthermore, this is a doctrine which in the New Testament is not explicit even though it is the New Testament is not explicit even though it is often said that it is implicit in the Old and explicit in often said that it is implicit in the Old and explicit in the New. But explicit means ‘characterized by full, the New. But explicit means ‘characterized by full, clear expression,’ an adjective hard to apply to this clear expression,’ an adjective hard to apply to this doctrine.” doctrine.”

““Trinity is, of course, not a biblical word. Neither are Trinity is, of course, not a biblical word. Neither are triunity, trine, trinal, subsistence, nor essence. Yet triunity, trine, trinal, subsistence, nor essence. Yet we employ them, and often helpfully, in trying to we employ them, and often helpfully, in trying to express this doctrine which is so fraught with express this doctrine which is so fraught with difficulties. Furthermore, this is a doctrine which in difficulties. Furthermore, this is a doctrine which in the New Testament is not explicit even though it is the New Testament is not explicit even though it is often said that it is implicit in the Old and explicit in often said that it is implicit in the Old and explicit in the New. But explicit means ‘characterized by full, the New. But explicit means ‘characterized by full, clear expression,’ an adjective hard to apply to this clear expression,’ an adjective hard to apply to this doctrine.” doctrine.”

Charles C. Ryrie, Basic Theology, Victor Books, Wheaton, IL, 1987, electronic media.




The Trinity (a summary)…The Trinity (a summary)…The Trinity (a summary)…The Trinity (a summary)…

Webster’s DictionaryWebster’s Dictionary

““The union of three divine persons (or hypostases), the The union of three divine persons (or hypostases), the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, in one divinity, so that all Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, in one divinity, so that all three are one God as to substance, but three Persons (or three are one God as to substance, but three Persons (or hypostases) as to individuality.”hypostases) as to individuality.”

Warfield writesWarfield writes““There is one only and true God, but in the unity of the There is one only and true God, but in the unity of the Godhead there are three coeternal and coequal Persons, Godhead there are three coeternal and coequal Persons, the same in substance but distinct in subsistence” (B. B. the same in substance but distinct in subsistence” (B. B. Warfield, “Trinity,” The International Standard Bible Warfield, “Trinity,” The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia).Encyclopedia).

Webster’s DictionaryWebster’s Dictionary

““The union of three divine persons (or hypostases), the The union of three divine persons (or hypostases), the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, in one divinity, so that all Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, in one divinity, so that all three are one God as to substance, but three Persons (or three are one God as to substance, but three Persons (or hypostases) as to individuality.”hypostases) as to individuality.”

Warfield writesWarfield writes““There is one only and true God, but in the unity of the There is one only and true God, but in the unity of the Godhead there are three coeternal and coequal Persons, Godhead there are three coeternal and coequal Persons, the same in substance but distinct in subsistence” (B. B. the same in substance but distinct in subsistence” (B. B. Warfield, “Trinity,” The International Standard Bible Warfield, “Trinity,” The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia).Encyclopedia).



““In about 320 a fierce theological passion had seized the In about 320 a fierce theological passion had seized the churches of Egypt, Syria and Asia Minor. . . The controversy churches of Egypt, Syria and Asia Minor. . . The controversy had been kindled by Arius… He had issued a challenge which had been kindled by Arius… He had issued a challenge which his bishop, Alexander, found impossible to ignore but even his bishop, Alexander, found impossible to ignore but even more difficult to rebut: how could Jesus Christ have been God more difficult to rebut: how could Jesus Christ have been God in the same way as God the Father? Arius was not denying the in the same way as God the Father? Arius was not denying the divinity of Christ; indeed, he called Jesus ‘strong God’ and ‘full divinity of Christ; indeed, he called Jesus ‘strong God’ and ‘full God,’ but he argued that it was blasphemous to think that he God,’ but he argued that it was blasphemous to think that he was divine by nature. . . The controversy became so heated was divine by nature. . . The controversy became so heated that the emperor Constantine himself intervened and that the emperor Constantine himself intervened and summoned a synod to Nicaea in modern Turkey to settle the summoned a synod to Nicaea in modern Turkey to settle the issue.”issue.”

““In about 320 a fierce theological passion had seized the In about 320 a fierce theological passion had seized the churches of Egypt, Syria and Asia Minor. . . The controversy churches of Egypt, Syria and Asia Minor. . . The controversy had been kindled by Arius… He had issued a challenge which had been kindled by Arius… He had issued a challenge which his bishop, Alexander, found impossible to ignore but even his bishop, Alexander, found impossible to ignore but even more difficult to rebut: how could Jesus Christ have been God more difficult to rebut: how could Jesus Christ have been God in the same way as God the Father? Arius was not denying the in the same way as God the Father? Arius was not denying the divinity of Christ; indeed, he called Jesus ‘strong God’ and ‘full divinity of Christ; indeed, he called Jesus ‘strong God’ and ‘full God,’ but he argued that it was blasphemous to think that he God,’ but he argued that it was blasphemous to think that he was divine by nature. . . The controversy became so heated was divine by nature. . . The controversy became so heated that the emperor Constantine himself intervened and that the emperor Constantine himself intervened and summoned a synod to Nicaea in modern Turkey to settle the summoned a synod to Nicaea in modern Turkey to settle the issue.”issue.”

“History of God” by Karen Armstrong, page 107.“History of God” by Karen Armstrong, page 107.

Arius…Arius…Arius…Arius…



Another player in this drama during Another player in this drama during the 4the 4thth century was Athanasius. He century was Athanasius. He was the capable assistant of the was the capable assistant of the bishop from Alexandria who was bishop from Alexandria who was named Alexander. Athanasius was named Alexander. Athanasius was selected to answer the arguments of selected to answer the arguments of Arius. This prompted the Nicean Arius. This prompted the Nicean Council and the development of the Council and the development of the “Athanasian” Creed.“Athanasian” Creed.

Another player in this drama during Another player in this drama during the 4the 4thth century was Athanasius. He century was Athanasius. He was the capable assistant of the was the capable assistant of the bishop from Alexandria who was bishop from Alexandria who was named Alexander. Athanasius was named Alexander. Athanasius was selected to answer the arguments of selected to answer the arguments of Arius. This prompted the Nicean Arius. This prompted the Nicean Council and the development of the Council and the development of the “Athanasian” Creed.“Athanasian” Creed.

Athanasius…Athanasius…Athanasius…Athanasius…



Either Christ, the Word, belonged to the divine realm Either Christ, the Word, belonged to the divine realm (which was the domain of God alone) or He belonged to (which was the domain of God alone) or He belonged to the fragile created order. Arius placed Him in the the fragile created order. Arius placed Him in the “fragile created order” but Athanasius placed Him in “fragile created order” but Athanasius placed Him in the “divine realm.” The Trinity was developed to defeat the “divine realm.” The Trinity was developed to defeat the argument of Arius. It had no basis in scripture. the argument of Arius. It had no basis in scripture.

Summary:Summary: The doctrine of the trinity is steeped in The doctrine of the trinity is steeped in Greek philosophy and pagan thought. It originated Greek philosophy and pagan thought. It originated over 200 years after the death of the last Apostle over 200 years after the death of the last Apostle (John). (John).

Either Christ, the Word, belonged to the divine realm Either Christ, the Word, belonged to the divine realm (which was the domain of God alone) or He belonged to (which was the domain of God alone) or He belonged to the fragile created order. Arius placed Him in the the fragile created order. Arius placed Him in the “fragile created order” but Athanasius placed Him in “fragile created order” but Athanasius placed Him in the “divine realm.” The Trinity was developed to defeat the “divine realm.” The Trinity was developed to defeat the argument of Arius. It had no basis in scripture. the argument of Arius. It had no basis in scripture.

Summary:Summary: The doctrine of the trinity is steeped in The doctrine of the trinity is steeped in Greek philosophy and pagan thought. It originated Greek philosophy and pagan thought. It originated over 200 years after the death of the last Apostle over 200 years after the death of the last Apostle (John). (John).

What conclusions do we reach?What conclusions do we reach?What conclusions do we reach?What conclusions do we reach?



““We believe in one God, the Father Almighty, maker of all We believe in one God, the Father Almighty, maker of all things, visible and invisible, and in one Lord, Jesus things, visible and invisible, and in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the Son of God, the only-begotten of the father, Christ, the Son of God, the only-begotten of the father, that is, of the substance (that is, of the substance (ousiaousia) of the Father, God from ) of the Father, God from God, light from light, true God from true God, begotten God, light from light, true God from true God, begotten not made, of one substance (not made, of one substance (homoousionhomoousion) with the ) with the Father, in whom all things were made, those things that Father, in whom all things were made, those things that are in heaven and those things that are on earth, who for are in heaven and those things that are on earth, who for us men and for our salvation came down and was made us men and for our salvation came down and was made man, suffered, rose again on the third day, ascended into man, suffered, rose again on the third day, ascended into the heavens and will come to judge the living and the the heavens and will come to judge the living and the dead. And we believe in the Holy Spirit.”dead. And we believe in the Holy Spirit.”

““We believe in one God, the Father Almighty, maker of all We believe in one God, the Father Almighty, maker of all things, visible and invisible, and in one Lord, Jesus things, visible and invisible, and in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the Son of God, the only-begotten of the father, Christ, the Son of God, the only-begotten of the father, that is, of the substance (that is, of the substance (ousiaousia) of the Father, God from ) of the Father, God from God, light from light, true God from true God, begotten God, light from light, true God from true God, begotten not made, of one substance (not made, of one substance (homoousionhomoousion) with the ) with the Father, in whom all things were made, those things that Father, in whom all things were made, those things that are in heaven and those things that are on earth, who for are in heaven and those things that are on earth, who for us men and for our salvation came down and was made us men and for our salvation came down and was made man, suffered, rose again on the third day, ascended into man, suffered, rose again on the third day, ascended into the heavens and will come to judge the living and the the heavens and will come to judge the living and the dead. And we believe in the Holy Spirit.”dead. And we believe in the Holy Spirit.”

Council of Nicaea (325 A.D.) and Council of Nicaea (325 A.D.) and the Athanasian Creed…the Athanasian Creed…Council of Nicaea (325 A.D.) and Council of Nicaea (325 A.D.) and the Athanasian Creed…the Athanasian Creed…



The Cappadocians and The Cappadocians and the Trinity…the Trinity…The Cappadocians and The Cappadocians and the Trinity…the Trinity…

““But Christians were still confused: if there was only one God, But Christians were still confused: if there was only one God, how could the Logos also be divine? Eventually three outstanding how could the Logos also be divine? Eventually three outstanding theologians of Cappadocia in eastern Turkey came up with a theologians of Cappadocia in eastern Turkey came up with a solution that satisfied the Eastern Orthodox Church. These were solution that satisfied the Eastern Orthodox Church. These were Basil, Bishop of Caesarea (ca 329-379), his younger brother Basil, Bishop of Caesarea (ca 329-379), his younger brother Gregory, Bishop of Nyssa (335-395) and his friend Gregory of Gregory, Bishop of Nyssa (335-395) and his friend Gregory of Nazianzus (329-391). . . Trained in Greek philosophy, they were all Nazianzus (329-391). . . Trained in Greek philosophy, they were all aware of a crucial distinction between the factual content of truth aware of a crucial distinction between the factual content of truth and its more elusive aspects. . . They employed a formula that and its more elusive aspects. . . They employed a formula that Athanasius had used in his dispute with Arius: God had a single Athanasius had used in his dispute with Arius: God had a single essence (ousia) which remained incomprehensible to us-- but essence (ousia) which remained incomprehensible to us-- but three expressions (hypostases) which made him known.”three expressions (hypostases) which made him known.”

““But Christians were still confused: if there was only one God, But Christians were still confused: if there was only one God, how could the Logos also be divine? Eventually three outstanding how could the Logos also be divine? Eventually three outstanding theologians of Cappadocia in eastern Turkey came up with a theologians of Cappadocia in eastern Turkey came up with a solution that satisfied the Eastern Orthodox Church. These were solution that satisfied the Eastern Orthodox Church. These were Basil, Bishop of Caesarea (ca 329-379), his younger brother Basil, Bishop of Caesarea (ca 329-379), his younger brother Gregory, Bishop of Nyssa (335-395) and his friend Gregory of Gregory, Bishop of Nyssa (335-395) and his friend Gregory of Nazianzus (329-391). . . Trained in Greek philosophy, they were all Nazianzus (329-391). . . Trained in Greek philosophy, they were all aware of a crucial distinction between the factual content of truth aware of a crucial distinction between the factual content of truth and its more elusive aspects. . . They employed a formula that and its more elusive aspects. . . They employed a formula that Athanasius had used in his dispute with Arius: God had a single Athanasius had used in his dispute with Arius: God had a single essence (ousia) which remained incomprehensible to us-- but essence (ousia) which remained incomprehensible to us-- but three expressions (hypostases) which made him known.”three expressions (hypostases) which made him known.”

““History of God,” by Karen ArmstrongHistory of God,” by Karen Armstrong..



1 John 5:7-81 John 5:7-8

““For there are three that bear witness in For there are three that bear witness in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit; and these three are one. And there are Spirit; and these three are one. And there are three that bear witness on earth, the Spirit, three that bear witness on earth, the Spirit, the water, and the blood, and these three the water, and the blood, and these three agree as one.”agree as one.”

1 John 5:7-81 John 5:7-8

““For there are three that bear witness in For there are three that bear witness in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit; and these three are one. And there are Spirit; and these three are one. And there are three that bear witness on earth, the Spirit, three that bear witness on earth, the Spirit, the water, and the blood, and these three the water, and the blood, and these three agree as one.”agree as one.”

Scriptures Used to Support the Scriptures Used to Support the Trinity…Trinity…Scriptures Used to Support the Scriptures Used to Support the Trinity…Trinity…

Margin of NKJV: “NU, M omit the words from Margin of NKJV: “NU, M omit the words from in heaven in heaven in verse 7 through in verse 7 through on earthon earth in verse 8. Only four or five in verse 8. Only four or five very late mss. contain these words in Greek.”very late mss. contain these words in Greek.”

Margin of NKJV: “NU, M omit the words from Margin of NKJV: “NU, M omit the words from in heaven in heaven in verse 7 through in verse 7 through on earthon earth in verse 8. Only four or five in verse 8. Only four or five very late mss. contain these words in Greek.”very late mss. contain these words in Greek.”



Historical Development of the Historical Development of the Trinity…Trinity…Historical Development of the Historical Development of the Trinity…Trinity…

No mention of TrinityNo mention of Trinity No mention of TrinityNo mention of Trinity No mention of TrinityNo mention of Trinity No mention of TrinityNo mention of TrinityOld Testament ScripturesOld Testament Scriptures New Testament Church/ScripturesNew Testament Church/ScripturesMoses - Ezra (1500 - 400 BC) Moses - Ezra (1500 - 400 BC) 31 A.D. - 200 A.D. 31 A.D. - 200 A.D.Old Testament ScripturesOld Testament Scriptures New Testament Church/ScripturesNew Testament Church/ScripturesMoses - Ezra (1500 - 400 BC) Moses - Ezra (1500 - 400 BC) 31 A.D. - 200 A.D. 31 A.D. - 200 A.D.

TertullianTertullian Arius and the Council of NiceaArius and the Council of Nicea200 A.D.200 A.D. 325 A.D.325 A.D.TertullianTertullian Arius and the Council of NiceaArius and the Council of Nicea200 A.D.200 A.D. 325 A.D.325 A.D.

Trinity ExplainedTrinity ExplainedTrinity ExplainedTrinity Explained Nicene CreedNicene Creed Nicene CreedNicene CreedThree Cappadocian BrothersThree Cappadocian Brothers Council of Constantinople Council of Constantinople 350 - 380 A.D.350 - 380 A.D. 381 A.D. 381 A.D.

Three Cappadocian BrothersThree Cappadocian Brothers Council of Constantinople Council of Constantinople 350 - 380 A.D.350 - 380 A.D. 381 A.D. 381 A.D.

Coins term “Trinity”Coins term “Trinity” Athanasian Creed Athanasian Creed Coins term “Trinity”Coins term “Trinity” Athanasian Creed Athanasian Creed



The Trinity The Trinity remains a remains a mystery to mystery to most most people.people.

The Trinity The Trinity remains a remains a mystery to mystery to most most people.people.



Deuteronomy 6:4Deuteronomy 6:4

““Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one!”one!”

Deuteronomy 6:4Deuteronomy 6:4

““Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one!”one!”

Oneness of God…Oneness of God…Oneness of God…Oneness of God…



Deuteronomy 6:4 -- The Deuteronomy 6:4 -- The Issue of OnenessIssue of OnenessDeuteronomy 6:4 -- The Deuteronomy 6:4 -- The Issue of OnenessIssue of Oneness

• NKJV…NKJV… “Hear, O Israel: the LORD our God, the LORD “Hear, O Israel: the LORD our God, the LORD is one.”is one.”

• NRSV…NRSV… “Hear, O Israel: the LORD is our God, the “Hear, O Israel: the LORD is our God, the LORD alone.”LORD alone.”

• RSV…RSV… “Hear, O Israel: the LORD our God is one “Hear, O Israel: the LORD our God is one LORD.”LORD.”

• KJV…KJV… “Hear, O Israel: the LORD our God is one “Hear, O Israel: the LORD our God is one LORD.”LORD.”

• American…American… “Hear O Israel! The LORD is our God, the “Hear O Israel! The LORD is our God, the LORD alone.”LORD alone.”

• NKJV…NKJV… “Hear, O Israel: the LORD our God, the LORD “Hear, O Israel: the LORD our God, the LORD is one.”is one.”

• NRSV…NRSV… “Hear, O Israel: the LORD is our God, the “Hear, O Israel: the LORD is our God, the LORD alone.”LORD alone.”

• RSV…RSV… “Hear, O Israel: the LORD our God is one “Hear, O Israel: the LORD our God is one LORD.”LORD.”

• KJV…KJV… “Hear, O Israel: the LORD our God is one “Hear, O Israel: the LORD our God is one LORD.”LORD.”

• American…American… “Hear O Israel! The LORD is our God, the “Hear O Israel! The LORD is our God, the LORD alone.”LORD alone.”



Nine different Hebrew words that can be translated Nine different Hebrew words that can be translated as “one.” Most only apply to men and women. Of as “one.” Most only apply to men and women. Of the ones that apply to God, two are primary.the ones that apply to God, two are primary.

The two words are:The two words are:

“echad”

“yachid”

Nine different Hebrew words that can be translated Nine different Hebrew words that can be translated as “one.” Most only apply to men and women. Of as “one.” Most only apply to men and women. Of the ones that apply to God, two are primary.the ones that apply to God, two are primary.

The two words are:The two words are:

“echad”

“yachid”

Understanding the Hebrew…Understanding the Hebrew…Understanding the Hebrew…Understanding the Hebrew…



dj;a,dj;a, adj. num. oneadj. num. one — — 1. 1. oneone; as subst. sq.; as subst. sq. ÷mi ÷mi ; ; pl. = pl. = fewfew, , a fewa few. 2. . 2. eacheach, , everyevery; also repeated, ; also repeated, distributive sense. 3. distributive sense. 3. a certaina certain; hence 4. indefinite ; hence 4. indefinite article. 5. article. 5. onlyonly; & (fem.) ; & (fem.) onceonce; ; at onceat once tj;a,Btj;a,B]]. . 6. 6. oneone … … anotheranother, , the onethe one … … the otherthe other aa … … aa; ; ah ah … … aa. . 7. as ordinal, 7. as ordinal, firstfirst; of first day of month; ; of first day of month; first first yearyear,, tj'a' tntj'a' tn::vv]]. . 8. in combin., a.8. in combin., a. rc;rc;[[; dj'a’ ; dj'a’ eleveneleven (cf.(cf. rc;rc;[[; ; , , yTevyTev][][’’) ) as ordinal, as ordinal, eleventheleventh hrechrec][][, , tj'a’tj'a’; ; b. with other numerals, as cardinal; as ordinal.b. with other numerals, as cardinal; as ordinal.

dj;a,dj;a, adj. num. oneadj. num. one — — 1. 1. oneone; as subst. sq.; as subst. sq. ÷mi ÷mi ; ; pl. = pl. = fewfew, , a fewa few. 2. . 2. eacheach, , everyevery; also repeated, ; also repeated, distributive sense. 3. distributive sense. 3. a certaina certain; hence 4. indefinite ; hence 4. indefinite article. 5. article. 5. onlyonly; & (fem.) ; & (fem.) onceonce; ; at onceat once tj;a,Btj;a,B]]. . 6. 6. oneone … … anotheranother, , the onethe one … … the otherthe other aa … … aa; ; ah ah … … aa. . 7. as ordinal, 7. as ordinal, firstfirst; of first day of month; ; of first day of month; first first yearyear,, tj'a' tntj'a' tn::vv]]. . 8. in combin., a.8. in combin., a. rc;rc;[[; dj'a’ ; dj'a’ eleveneleven (cf.(cf. rc;rc;[[; ; , , yTevyTev][][’’) ) as ordinal, as ordinal, eleventheleventh hrechrec][][, , tj'a’tj'a’; ; b. with other numerals, as cardinal; as ordinal.b. with other numerals, as cardinal; as ordinal.

Richard Whitaker, Editor, The Abridged Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew-English Lexicon of the Old Testament.

Richard Whitaker, Editor, The Abridged Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew-English Lexicon of the Old Testament.

Echad…Echad…Echad…Echad…



Scriptures That Use Hebrew Scriptures That Use Hebrew “Echad”“Echad”Scriptures That Use Hebrew Scriptures That Use Hebrew “Echad”“Echad”

1.1. Genesis 1:5 “Genesis 1:5 “firstfirst””

2.2. Genesis 2:24 Two become “Genesis 2:24 Two become “oneone””

3.3. Exodus 24:3 Congregation speaks with Exodus 24:3 Congregation speaks with ““oneone voice” voice”

4.4. Nehemiah 8:1 “whole congregation as Nehemiah 8:1 “whole congregation as oneone man” man”

1.1. Genesis 1:5 “Genesis 1:5 “firstfirst””

2.2. Genesis 2:24 Two become “Genesis 2:24 Two become “oneone””

3.3. Exodus 24:3 Congregation speaks with Exodus 24:3 Congregation speaks with ““oneone voice” voice”

4.4. Nehemiah 8:1 “whole congregation as Nehemiah 8:1 “whole congregation as oneone man” man”



Scriptures That Use Hebrew Scriptures That Use Hebrew “Echad”“Echad”Scriptures That Use Hebrew Scriptures That Use Hebrew “Echad”“Echad”

5.5. Nehemiah 7:66 “whole congregation Nehemiah 7:66 “whole congregation togethertogether””

6.6. Isaiah 65:25 “wolf and lamb Isaiah 65:25 “wolf and lamb togethertogether””

7.7. Genesis 11:6 “people is Genesis 11:6 “people is oneone””

5.5. Nehemiah 7:66 “whole congregation Nehemiah 7:66 “whole congregation togethertogether””

6.6. Isaiah 65:25 “wolf and lamb Isaiah 65:25 “wolf and lamb togethertogether””

7.7. Genesis 11:6 “people is Genesis 11:6 “people is oneone””



Definition of Hebrew “Yachid”Definition of Hebrew “Yachid”Definition of Hebrew “Yachid”Definition of Hebrew “Yachid”

AV - only 6, darling 2, only child 1, only son 1, AV - only 6, darling 2, only child 1, only son 1, desolate 1, solitary 1; 12. desolate 1, solitary 1; 12.

AdjectiveAdjective

1) only, only one, solitary, one1) only, only one, solitary, one

1a) only, unique, one1a) only, unique, one

1b) solitary1b) solitary

1c) (TWOT) only begotten son 1c) (TWOT) only begotten son

2) one2) one

AV - only 6, darling 2, only child 1, only son 1, AV - only 6, darling 2, only child 1, only son 1, desolate 1, solitary 1; 12. desolate 1, solitary 1; 12.

AdjectiveAdjective

1) only, only one, solitary, one1) only, only one, solitary, one

1a) only, unique, one1a) only, unique, one

1b) solitary1b) solitary

1c) (TWOT) only begotten son 1c) (TWOT) only begotten son

2) one2) one



Scriptures That Use Hebrew Scriptures That Use Hebrew “Yachid”“Yachid”Scriptures That Use Hebrew Scriptures That Use Hebrew “Yachid”“Yachid”

1.1. Genesis 22:2 “your Genesis 22:2 “your onlyonly son” son”








Scriptures That Use Hebrew Scriptures That Use Hebrew “Yachid”“Yachid”Scriptures That Use Hebrew Scriptures That Use Hebrew “Yachid”“Yachid”

4.4. Judges 11:34 “she was his Judges 11:34 “she was his onlyonly child”child”

5.5. Proverbs 4:3 “the Proverbs 4:3 “the only oneonly one in the in the sight of my mother”sight of my mother”

6.6. Zechariah 12:10 “as one mourns Zechariah 12:10 “as one mourns for his for his onlyonly son” son”

4.4. Judges 11:34 “she was his Judges 11:34 “she was his onlyonly child”child”

5.5. Proverbs 4:3 “the Proverbs 4:3 “the only oneonly one in the in the sight of my mother”sight of my mother”

6.6. Zechariah 12:10 “as one mourns Zechariah 12:10 “as one mourns for his for his onlyonly son” son”

Maimonides (1135-1204 A.D.) in an effort to solve the problem of Maimonides (1135-1204 A.D.) in an effort to solve the problem of plurality suggested the substitution of the Hebrew “yachid” for plurality suggested the substitution of the Hebrew “yachid” for “echad” in his 13 principles.“echad” in his 13 principles.

Maimonides (1135-1204 A.D.) in an effort to solve the problem of Maimonides (1135-1204 A.D.) in an effort to solve the problem of plurality suggested the substitution of the Hebrew “yachid” for plurality suggested the substitution of the Hebrew “yachid” for “echad” in his 13 principles.“echad” in his 13 principles.



One must One must use caution use caution when when building a building a doctrine doctrine from a from a translation translation issue.issue.

One must One must use caution use caution when when building a building a doctrine doctrine from a from a translation translation issue.issue.



Scriptures Showing Plurality…Scriptures Showing Plurality…Scriptures Showing Plurality…Scriptures Showing Plurality…

Genesis 1:26Genesis 1:26 “Then God [Elohim] said, ‘Let “Then God [Elohim] said, ‘Let UsUs make man in make man in OurOur image, according to Our likeness…” image, according to Our likeness…”Genesis 1:26Genesis 1:26 “Then God [Elohim] said, ‘Let “Then God [Elohim] said, ‘Let UsUs make man in make man in OurOur image, according to Our likeness…” image, according to Our likeness…”

Genesis 3:22Genesis 3:22 “Then the Lord [YHVH] God [Elohim] said, “Then the Lord [YHVH] God [Elohim] said, ‘Behold, the man has become like one of ‘Behold, the man has become like one of UsUs, to know good , to know good and evil. And now, lest he put out his hand and take also of the and evil. And now, lest he put out his hand and take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live forever.’”tree of life, and eat, and live forever.’”

Genesis 3:22Genesis 3:22 “Then the Lord [YHVH] God [Elohim] said, “Then the Lord [YHVH] God [Elohim] said, ‘Behold, the man has become like one of ‘Behold, the man has become like one of UsUs, to know good , to know good and evil. And now, lest he put out his hand and take also of the and evil. And now, lest he put out his hand and take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live forever.’”tree of life, and eat, and live forever.’”

Genesis 11:6-7Genesis 11:6-7 “And the Lord [YHVH] said, ‘Indeed the “And the Lord [YHVH] said, ‘Indeed the people are one and they all have one language, and this is people are one and they all have one language, and this is what they begin to do; now nothing that they propose to do what they begin to do; now nothing that they propose to do will be withheld from them. ‘Come, let will be withheld from them. ‘Come, let UsUs go down and there go down and there confuse their language, that they may not understand one confuse their language, that they may not understand one another’s speech.’”another’s speech.’”

Genesis 11:6-7Genesis 11:6-7 “And the Lord [YHVH] said, ‘Indeed the “And the Lord [YHVH] said, ‘Indeed the people are one and they all have one language, and this is people are one and they all have one language, and this is what they begin to do; now nothing that they propose to do what they begin to do; now nothing that they propose to do will be withheld from them. ‘Come, let will be withheld from them. ‘Come, let UsUs go down and there go down and there confuse their language, that they may not understand one confuse their language, that they may not understand one another’s speech.’”another’s speech.’”



Scriptures Showing Plurality…Scriptures Showing Plurality…Scriptures Showing Plurality…Scriptures Showing Plurality…

Psalm 45:6-7Psalm 45:6-7

““Your throne, O God [Elohim], is forever Your throne, O God [Elohim], is forever and ever; A scepter of righteousness is and ever; A scepter of righteousness is the scepter of Your kingdom. You love the scepter of Your kingdom. You love righteousness and hate wickedness; righteousness and hate wickedness; Therefore God [Elohim], Your God Therefore God [Elohim], Your God [Elohim], has anointed You with the oil of [Elohim], has anointed You with the oil of gladness more than Your companions.”gladness more than Your companions.”

Psalm 45:6-7Psalm 45:6-7

““Your throne, O God [Elohim], is forever Your throne, O God [Elohim], is forever and ever; A scepter of righteousness is and ever; A scepter of righteousness is the scepter of Your kingdom. You love the scepter of Your kingdom. You love righteousness and hate wickedness; righteousness and hate wickedness; Therefore God [Elohim], Your God Therefore God [Elohim], Your God [Elohim], has anointed You with the oil of [Elohim], has anointed You with the oil of gladness more than Your companions.”gladness more than Your companions.”



1.1. n.m.pl. (f.) pl. in number. a. rulers, judges, n.m.pl. (f.) pl. in number. a. rulers, judges, either as divine representatives at sacred places either as divine representatives at sacred places or as reflecting divine majesty and power. b. or as reflecting divine majesty and power. b. divine ones, superhuman beings including God divine ones, superhuman beings including God and angels. c. angels; cf.and angels. c. angels; cf. µyhlaµyhla. . ((hh) ) ynbynb= = (the) (the) sons of God, or sons of gods = angels. d. gods. sons of God, or sons of gods = angels. d. gods. 2.2. Pl. intensive. a. god or goddess, always with Pl. intensive. a. god or goddess, always with sf. b. godlike one. c. works of God, or things sf. b. godlike one. c. works of God, or things specially belonging to him (vid.specially belonging to him (vid. LaeLae)).. 3.3. µyhil¿aÔh; µyhil¿aÔh; the (true) God.the (true) God.

1.1. n.m.pl. (f.) pl. in number. a. rulers, judges, n.m.pl. (f.) pl. in number. a. rulers, judges, either as divine representatives at sacred places either as divine representatives at sacred places or as reflecting divine majesty and power. b. or as reflecting divine majesty and power. b. divine ones, superhuman beings including God divine ones, superhuman beings including God and angels. c. angels; cf.and angels. c. angels; cf. µyhlaµyhla. . ((hh) ) ynbynb= = (the) (the) sons of God, or sons of gods = angels. d. gods. sons of God, or sons of gods = angels. d. gods. 2.2. Pl. intensive. a. god or goddess, always with Pl. intensive. a. god or goddess, always with sf. b. godlike one. c. works of God, or things sf. b. godlike one. c. works of God, or things specially belonging to him (vid.specially belonging to him (vid. LaeLae)).. 3.3. µyhil¿aÔh; µyhil¿aÔh; the (true) God.the (true) God.

ElohimElohim ((µyhil¿aÔµyhil¿aÔ))ElohimElohim ((µyhil¿aÔµyhil¿aÔ))

The Abridged Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew-English Lexicon of the Old Testament

The Abridged Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew-English Lexicon of the Old Testament



Elohim with a plural verb…Elohim with a plural verb…Elohim with a plural verb…Elohim with a plural verb…

The verb in this verse is in the plural. It goes with the The verb in this verse is in the plural. It goes with the subject Elohim, and occurs in the third person common subject Elohim, and occurs in the third person common plural of the hiphil stem of the verb plural of the hiphil stem of the verb t’h, t’h, meaning to meaning to wander.wander.

The verb in this verse is in the plural. It goes with the The verb in this verse is in the plural. It goes with the subject Elohim, and occurs in the third person common subject Elohim, and occurs in the third person common plural of the hiphil stem of the verb plural of the hiphil stem of the verb t’h, t’h, meaning to meaning to wander.wander.

Genesis 20:13Genesis 20:13 “And it “And it came to pass, when came to pass, when God caused me to God caused me to wander from my father's wander from my father's house…”house…”

Genesis 20:13Genesis 20:13 “And it “And it came to pass, when came to pass, when God caused me to God caused me to wander from my father's wander from my father's house…”house…”



Plural of Majesty Concept (Genesis Plural of Majesty Concept (Genesis 1:26)…1:26)…Plural of Majesty Concept (Genesis Plural of Majesty Concept (Genesis 1:26)…1:26)…

The Great Mystery by Nassi

The plural of majesty was “a thing unknown to Moses and the prophets. Pharaoh, Nebuchadnezzar, David, and all the other kings throughout . . . (the Law, the Prophets, and the Hagiographa) speak in the singular, and not as modern kings in the plural. They do not say we, but I command; as in Genesis 41:41; Daniel 3:29; Ezra 1:2; etc.” Compounding this error, Unitarians attempt to explain even the plural word “elohim” away as a form of the plural of majesty, forgetting that the use of the royal “we” is limited to direct discourse and commands and not narratives or descriptions.

The Great Mystery by Nassi

The plural of majesty was “a thing unknown to Moses and the prophets. Pharaoh, Nebuchadnezzar, David, and all the other kings throughout . . . (the Law, the Prophets, and the Hagiographa) speak in the singular, and not as modern kings in the plural. They do not say we, but I command; as in Genesis 41:41; Daniel 3:29; Ezra 1:2; etc.” Compounding this error, Unitarians attempt to explain even the plural word “elohim” away as a form of the plural of majesty, forgetting that the use of the royal “we” is limited to direct discourse and commands and not narratives or descriptions.



Plural of Majesty Concept (Genesis Plural of Majesty Concept (Genesis 1:26)…1:26)…Plural of Majesty Concept (Genesis Plural of Majesty Concept (Genesis 1:26)…1:26)…

The Trinity: Evidence and IssuesThe Trinity: Evidence and Issues by Robert by Robert MorelyMorely

The concept “plural of majesty” is a hoax The concept “plural of majesty” is a hoax that was popularized by the Jewish scholar that was popularized by the Jewish scholar Gesenius in the nineteenth century. Using Gesenius in the nineteenth century. Using the plural of majesty to explain this and the plural of majesty to explain this and other passages away commits the other passages away commits the fundamental mistake of reading a modern fundamental mistake of reading a modern interpretation backward into Scripture.interpretation backward into Scripture.

The Trinity: Evidence and IssuesThe Trinity: Evidence and Issues by Robert by Robert MorelyMorely

The concept “plural of majesty” is a hoax The concept “plural of majesty” is a hoax that was popularized by the Jewish scholar that was popularized by the Jewish scholar Gesenius in the nineteenth century. Using Gesenius in the nineteenth century. Using the plural of majesty to explain this and the plural of majesty to explain this and other passages away commits the other passages away commits the fundamental mistake of reading a modern fundamental mistake of reading a modern interpretation backward into Scripture.interpretation backward into Scripture.



Handouts from Class…Handouts from Class…Handouts from Class…Handouts from Class…

• Summary of Fundamental Belief– the Summary of Fundamental Belief– the GodheadGodhead

• Beyond the CosmosBeyond the Cosmos

• Quotes about the TrinityQuotes about the Trinity

• Review SheetReview Sheet

• Summary of Fundamental Belief– the Summary of Fundamental Belief– the GodheadGodhead

• Beyond the CosmosBeyond the Cosmos

• Quotes about the TrinityQuotes about the Trinity

• Review SheetReview Sheet



The Plurality of the GodheadThe Plurality of the GodheadThe Plurality of the GodheadThe Plurality of the Godhead

Instructor: Jim FranksInstructor: Jim FranksDate: February 2011Date: February 2011Instructor: Jim FranksInstructor: Jim FranksDate: February 2011Date: February 2011 © 2011 Church of God, a Worldwide Associationa Worldwide Association© 2011 Church of God, a Worldwide Associationa Worldwide Association

Fundamental BeliefsFundamental BeliefsFundamental BeliefsFundamental Beliefs

amos 3:3 shows the importance of agreeing on doctrine

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