© 2016 cengage learning. social psychology social thinking and social influence this section...

© 2016 Cengage Learning.SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Social Thinking and Social Influence

This section covers: The importance of roles and norms How our behavior is influenced by others

© 2016 Cengage Learning.Social Cognition

How do interactions with others affect a person’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors? Humans have evolved to be social beings

Social Psychology

© 2016 Cengage Learning.Social Cognition

What position does someone occupy in society? What behaviors are expected from him or her?

Social Roles

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Why did somebody behave in a particular way? What caused the behavior?

Attributions

Internal (dispositional) External (situational)

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A tendency to attribute others’ behavior to internal factors

Why is this woman yelling at her companion?

Fundamental Attribution Error

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We make different attributions for ourselves and others.

Other Attribution Errors

Actor-observer bias Self-serving bias

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May include cognitive, affective, and behavioral components

Attitudes

Attitude on gun control

Cognitive (beliefs, ideas)

“Gun owners are more likely to shoot a loved one than a

criminal.”

Affective (emotions, feelings)

“Guns just make me sick”

Behavioral (actions)

“I vote for gun-control politicians.”

© 2016 Cengage Learning.Social Cognition

Related to characteristics of the communicator, the message, and the audience

Persuasion

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An uncomfortable state that occurs when behavior and attitudes do not match

How can this state be resolved?

Cognitive Dissonance

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Behaving in ways that increase the likelihood of gaining a group’s approval and avoiding rejection

Conformity

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Agreeing to do something simply because we have been asked

Compliance

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Complying with instructions given by an authority figure

Obedience

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Occurs when the presence of other people changes individual performance

Social Facilitation

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Reduced motivation and effort by individuals who work in a group as opposed to work alone

Social Loafing

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Immersion of the individual within a group, making the individual relatively anonymous

Deindividuation

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A type of flawed decision making in which a group does not question its decisions critically

Groupthink