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多地面城市探索:21世纪基础设施是否可能?
Multi-Ground City exploration:What governance and city planning systems are needed to build and operate 21st century infrastructure
Weiwen HuangMoscow Urban Forum2014. 12. 11
Hong Kong
Shenzhen City, 1979
(Baoan County)
1954km2
SEZ of Shenzhen, 1980
(Special Economic Zone)
358km2
0.31
0.19
Hong Kong
0.31
0.19
0.31
0.19
0.94
4.16
3.36
61.5
8.77
780.7
20
10
10.3951.1
5000 X
40 X
Hong Kong
What happened in the Land of Shenzhen in 30 years?
50% Vs. 50%developable land natural land
>90% built already
?
The traditional car’s
road-oriental city-
making model must
flatten the land and
damage the eco
system at the
beginning of implement
of any urban planning
claimed to be green or
low carbon.
SubwayInter-Districts
100km/h
To Airport100km/h
BRT/ TramInner-District70km/h
PRT, cableCommunity
High Speed TrainInter-Cities300km/h
Bike
Walkway
1、基地作为生态系统一部分考虑Recover the site as one part of eco-system
2、Ecological Urbanism重新塑造基地成为自然山水地形的一部分
v
3、walking street network根据重要的人流动线布置公共和商业服务
4、Architectural Typology用标准化和物理条件最优原则布置建筑
5、Fire Passage消防后勤通道
运量比值 公里/小时
人均投资比值
人均占地比值
伤亡比值 碳排比值 能耗比值
综合效率比值
城铁 100 100 1 1 1 1 1 680
地铁 80 60 3
轻轨 40 40 1.2
有轨 20 20 2
巴士 10 15 1 5 8078 26 3 45
私家车 1 20 115 12 1
电动车 15 11
杨洪年,世界大城市运输结构类/型及发展趋势,罗晓、刘梦,城市轨道交通在生态城市建设中的作用罗宪安,公交车、汽车、电动车道路资源占用效率分析比较
1 Vs. 500
中心区 住宅区 城中村
容积率 1.2 2.7 3.5
建筑覆盖率(%) 17 23 44
道路占地(%) 18 11 8
自然绿地(%) 0 0 0
多地面城市
2~3
30
5
70~80
25
土地冲击(%) 100 100 100
Impact to Natural Land:
100%Vs. 25%
Ganlan settlement relic in Hemudu site in Zhejiang, China
for 7,000 years.
The largest Ganlan settlement remain in Haimengkou site
in Yunnan, China for 3,000 years.
Master Plan
Master Plan of Sub-district
Regional Plan/Development Strategy
Regulatory/Statutory Plan
Site/outline plan
Guideline for land block
Building layout/Architect
ure proposal
Vision,
Objective,
Development Prediction,
Task distribution,
……
Status quo
Situation of low class
Demands/stakeholders/users
Feedback from market…..
Master Plan/Strategy/Regulation/
Guideline
Integrate/Moderate Urban Design
Vision, Objective
Demands/stakeholders/users/market …
Development Unit/Blocks Plan
?
Infrastructure
Transportation
Ecological
Space…
Zoning…
Local Government (city/district)
Master Plan/Strategy/Regulation
/Guideline
Integrate/Moderate Urban Design
Developers/Clients
Vision, Objective
Demands/stakeholders/users/market …
Development Unit/Blocks Plan
Chief Urban Planner(s)
Executive Departments
Urban Planners
Urban Planners
Urban Planners?
?x
Multi-Ground City for 21ST Century:Is it the time for human go back to ‘TREES’,and return the land to nature?
Thank you!
[Abstract ] Shenzhen grows with super high speed, meanwhile expending more than 90% developable land, and deteriorating environment. New infrastructure must be introduced for sustainable development if the growth could not stop . Multi-Ground City is the exploration by Shenzhen Center for Design to meet the most challenge Shenzhen faced, encourages super low impact development to co-exist with nature. The most difficulty for new model is not about technical, is about the severe path dependence. So the base of infrastructure innovation is the innovative ideology, the authoritative governance, and the integrative design.
[ 摘要]深圳以超级速度成长的同时,也以超级速度消耗了90%以上的可建设用地,恶化环境、危害健康。在发展步伐无法放慢的当下,必须以新的基础设施引导新的可持续发展模式。多地面城市就是深圳市设计促进中心针对深圳面临的最大挑战所做的探索,期冀新的开发可以以超低冲击方式与自然共存而不是非此即彼。新模式应用的最大难度不在技术,而在城市开发中严重的路径依赖,因此观念革新的强势治理与城市规划体系的彻底的开放综合,是实施创新基础设施的基础。
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