hebrew civilization thrived from 1800 b.c.e. – 70 c.e. originally from mesopotamia, moved to land...

Hebrew Civilization thrived from 1800 B.C.E. – 70 C.E.Originally From Mesopotamia, moved to land of Canaan

Hebrews were founders of Judaism Transformed from

Hebrews to Jews

Origins and basic laws come from the Torah (God’s teaching)Torah consists of first five books of the Christian Bible (Old Testament)Historians study to understand history of JudaismHistorians also study artifacts left behind

According to Torah, Abraham: ancestor of the Hebrews, lived in Mesopotamia1950 B.C.E. Abraham led many to Canaan, herded sheep & goats1800 B.C.E. Hebrews fled to Egypt due to a famineHebrews became slaves, Moses led Hebrews out of Egypt

After escaping Egypt, Hebrews wandered for 40 years, return to Canaan1,000 B.C.E. Hebrews set up Kingdom of IsraelCanaan under rule of Kind David & son, King SolomonSolomon built a temple in capital city Jerusalem

Abraham Moses

King David

King Solomon

“Father of the Hebrews”: introduced Judaism

Based on belief of one God (Uncommon for this era)Torah: God told him to move his family to CanaanGod promised to make him the father of a blessed nationDescendants known as Jewish People

“Greatest Leader”: led his people out of slavery in EgyptMoses told Hebrews: God lead them to Canaan for their faithful obedienceCanaan is known as the promise landGod gave Moses 10 most important lawsBecame foundation of Jewish beliefs

Back to Canaan, ruled under Kings David and Solomon

Jerusalem became Holy City

King Solomon built the first great temple.

Judaism began with a covenant between God & AbramGod visited Abram as an old man, told to leave his countryMesopotamia to Canaan

At age 99, made another covenant with God

God promised to protect Abram’s descendantsMark of covenant: gave a new name, AbrahamAbraham means “father of many”Covenant meant: Jews would set an example for how God wanted people to live

God often tested Abraham’s faithSacrifices common of animalsGod tested his faith by sacrificing Abraham’s son

Abraham agreed, took Isaac to sacrifice himStopped by an angel at last minute

God promised again to bless Abraham’s descendantsHebrews flourished, nation made of 12 tribes

Abraham introduced idea of one God

Jews believe they should set an example of how people should live

Moses became leader around 1250 B.C.E.Hebrews became very powerful and large in numbersPharaoh felt threatened, made Jews be slaves

Moses with God’s strength went to the Pharaoh to free the Jews

Pharaoh wouldn't free the slavesGod punished Egypt with 10

different plaguesLocusts devoured all crops, Nile turned into bloodAngel sent by God killed first born son of watch family

Pharaoh finally gave in.

Moses started to lead the Hebrews out of EgyptEgyptian Army caught up with the Hebrews by Red SeaMoses raised his stick and the sea partedHebrews got across, water came back while army tried to cross drowning the soldiers

10 laws, foundation of Judaism

Given to Moses at Mt. Sinai

Commandments remind Hebrews to only worship one God

Sabbath- seventh day of the week to rest and worship

Basic Moral LawsHebrews obey commandments to honor covenant with God.Had to make moral laws known to the worldMoses: led Jews out of Egypt, still celebrated today, brought the 10 Commandments, and worship one God

David’s time: 1000 B.C.E.Hebrews at war with PhilistinesPhilistines agreed to be Hebrews slaves if could beat their strongest warriorTeenage David agreed to fight Goliath

Goliath was mocking God

One mighty throw, Goliath fell David later became King due to strength and courageDavid ended wars and united the Kingdom of IsraelNew Kingdom had government, courts, army, David served as nation’s chief priest

David chose Jerusalem as capital cityJerusalem: center of religious and political lifeArk of the Covenant to Israel

Ten Commandments in a wood and gold chest

Death of David, Solomon takes overBuilt temple in Jerusalem to house the Ark of the CovenantHebrew people built templeOver 3,000 officials needed to oversee the projectTaxed his people a lot to pay for gold, wood, and copper

Kingdom divided near Solomon’s death

Solomon angered the Hebrew people

David & Solomon’s descendants ruled Southern KingdomDavid & Solomon laid foundation for Jews to be governed by Kings: 400 years