+ organic chemistry carbon containing compounds. + organic chemistry study of carbon containing...

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Organic Chemistry

Carbon containing compounds

+Organic Chemistry

Study of carbon containing compounds

Organic compounds can be found in foods (proteins, carbohydrates, fats, etc), petroleum based products, medication, plastics, fibers

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Penicillin

Buckyball

Caffeine

Buckminsterfullerene

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+First 10 Straight Chain AlkanesTable 25.1 on page 745

+Branched Chain Alkanes

The halogens and groups of atoms like carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus can take the place of a hydrogen in the carbon chain

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+Drawing Structural FormulasCH3CH2CH2CH3

CH3CH2(CH3)CH3

CH3CH2(CH3)CH2(CH3)CH3CH3

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CH3CH2(CH3)CH2(C2H5)CH2CH3CH3

CH3CH2(CH3)CH2(C2H5)CH2CH3CH3

+Organic Nomenclature

Alkanes (CnH2n+2) Compounds containing all C to C single bonds.

Homologous Series Methane CH4

Ethane C2H6

Propane C3H8

Butane C4H10

Pentane C5H12

Hexane C6H14

Heptane C7H16

Octane C8H18

Nonane C9H20

Decane C10H22

+Cycloalkane (CnH2n)

Isomers of alkenes (CnH2n)

Rings in shape

Contain C to C single bonds

+Rules for naming alkanes

1. Use longest chain.

2. Number C atoms, starting from the end nearest attachment (side chain or substituent).

3. Punctuation is important.a) Name is one word.b) Numbers separated by commas.c) Numbers separated from words with hyphens.d) If branch is an alkane then the suffix –yl is added.e) If more than one of the same branch is present then

the Greek prefixes are used (mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, etc.).

f) If more than one branch is present they are listed in alphabetical order (Greek prefixes are not used for the ordering).

g) Halogen branches are the same but w/o –yl suffix (chloro-, bromo-, etc).

Examples

CH3CH2CH2CH3 =

CH3CH2(CH3)CH3 =

CH3CH2(CH3)CH2(CH3)CH3CH3 =

CH3CH2(CH3)CH2(C2H5)CH2CH3CH3 =

CH3(Cl)CH2(Br)(Br)CH2(CH3)CH2 =

Butane

2-methylpropane

2,3-dimethylpentane

3-ethyl-2-methylhexane

2,2-dibromo-1-chloro-3-methylbutane

+Homework:

Set up lab notebook (Aspirin)

Complete 1-10 of Organic Packet (on separate sheet of paper) Type-o in #7: Should end in CH2 not CH3