01 (13jan) nlo and shg
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G R O U P M E E T I N G RE P O R T
1 3 JA N U A R Y2 0 1 4
B U E N S U C E S O, C L A R I S S E E L I C A
Non-Linear Opticsand
Second-Harmonic Generation1
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Non-Linear Optics2
Branch of optics that describes the behavior of lightin a non-linear media
LINEAR OPTICS vs NON-LINEAR OPTICS
F (x1+ x2+ ) = F (x1) + F (x2) +
F (ax) = aF (x)
Requirements for a linear system
*Linear optics can be described using linearequation while non-linear optics need higherorder equation
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Non-Linear Optics3
REQUIREMENT FOR A NON-LINEAR MEDIA
1. Very high intensity light (e.g. pulsed lasers)
2. Strongly birefringent
3. Specific crystal symmetry
4. Transparent
5. Have high damage thresholds
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Non-Linear Optics4
NON-LINEAR OPTICAL PROCESSES (examples)
Frequency mixing processes (e.g. SHG)
Optical Kerr effect
Cross-phase modulation
Four-wave mixing
Et c.
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Second Harmonic Generation5
aka Frequency Doubling
Two photons of the same frequency interacting witha nonlinear material are combined to generate anew photon whose frequency is twice the original
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Second Harmonic Generation6
Most common material for SHG: CRYSTAL
e.g. quasi-phase matching crystal like periodically-poled lithium niobate
THREE TYPES OF SHG IN CRSYTAL
starting photons resulting photon
TYPE 0 SHG Extraordinary polarization Extraordinary
polarization withfrequency twice theoriginal
TYPE I SHG Ordinary polarizationTYPE II SHG Orthogonal polarization
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Second Harmonic Generation7
BIREFRINGENCE
An optical property of a material with a refractiveindex is dependent on the polarization and
propagation of direction of lightDouble Refraction
wrt optic axis: ordinary ray
|| wrt optic axis: extraordinaryray
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Second Harmonic Generation8
Current SHG materials: ORGANIC POLYMERSand MATERIALS
ADVANTAGES:
1. Cheaper2. Have lower drive voltages
3. Superior performance
4. Wide applications in environmental science
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Surface Second Harmonic Generation9
Method for probing interfaces in atomic andmolecular systems
Conversion of two photons into a single photon byinteracting with a noncentrosymmetric media
CENTROSYMMETRY
refers to a point group which contains an inversioncenter as one of its symmetry elements
noncentrosymmetric materials =no inversion symmetry
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Surface Second Harmonic Generation10
Noncentrosymmetric material can be divided into twotypes:
1. Chiral type materials with no rotoinversion
symmetry elements2. Polar type points groups which are neither
centrosymmetry nor chiral; contains uniqueanisotropic axis
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Surface Second Harmonic Generation11
Surface SHG is possible for materials which do notexhibit SHG in the bulk.
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Surface Second Harmonic Generation
source: http://cnsm.kaist.ac.kr/facility.htm
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Application13
3D Imaging
Cox G, Gorrell MD, et.al. "3-Dimensional Imaging of Collagen Using SecondHarmonic Generation."Journal of Structural Biology141.1 (2003): 53-62.
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Application14
3D Imaging
Cox G, Gorrell MD, et.al. "3-Dimensional Imaging of Collagen Using SecondHarmonic Generation."Journal of Structural Biology141.1 (2003): 53-62.
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Application15
3D Imaging
Cox G, Gorrell MD, et.al. "3-Dimensional Imaging of Collagen Using SecondHarmonic Generation."Journal of Structural Biology141.1 (2003): 53-62.
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Application16
3D Imaging
Cox G, Gorrell MD, et.al. "3-Dimensional Imaging of Collagen Using SecondHarmonic Generation."Journal of Structural Biology141.1 (2003): 53-62.
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Application17
Adsorption Studies
Eckenrode HM, et.al. "Adsorption of a Cationic Dye Molecule on PolystyreneMicrospheres in Colloids: Effect of Surface Charge and Composition Probed bySecond Harmonic Generation."The Journal of Physical Chemistry B109.10(2005): 4646-653
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Application18
Adsorption Studies
Eckenrode HM, et.al. "Adsorption of a Cationic Dye Molecule on PolystyreneMicrospheres in Colloids: Effect of Surface Charge and Composition Probed bySecond Harmonic Generation."The Journal of Physical Chemistry B109.10(2005): 4646-653
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Application19
Molecular Chirality
Petralli-Mallow T, Hicks JM, etl.al. "Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy atInterfaces: A Surface Second Harmonic Generation Study." The Journal ofPhysical Chemistry 97.7 (1993): 1383-388.
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Application20
Molecular Chirality
Petralli-Mallow T, Hicks JM, etl.al. "Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy atInterfaces: A Surface Second Harmonic Generation Study." The Journal ofPhysical Chemistry 97.7 (1993): 1383-388.
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References21
Boyd, Robert W.Nonlinear Optics. San Diego, CA: Academic,2003.
Cox G, Gorrell MD, et.al. "3-Dimensional Imaging of CollagenUsing Second Harmonic Generation."Journal of Structural
Biology141.1 (2003): 53-62.
Eckenrode HM, et.al. "Adsorption of a Cationic Dye Moleculeon Polystyrene Microspheres in Colloids: Effect of SurfaceCharge and Composition Probed by Second HarmonicGeneration."The Journal of Physical Chemistry B109.10(2005): 4646-653.
Petralli-Mallow T, Hicks JM, etl.al. "Circular DichroismSpectroscopy at Interfaces: A Surface Second HarmonicGeneration Study." The Journal of Physical Chemistry97.7(1993): 1383-388.
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