028 the gravitational lens effect
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QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECT
THE HOLY QUR’AN
BASED ON THE WORKS OF HARUN YAHYA WWW.HARUNYAHAY.COM and othersPREPARED BY fereidoun.dejahang@ntlworld.com
The HolyQur'an is
theWord of
Allah
(Surat an-Nur, 35) 24:35Allah is the light of the heavens and the Earth. The metaphor of His light is that of a niche in which is a lamp,
the lamp inside a glass, the glass like a brilliant star, lit from a blessed tree, an olive, neither of the east nor
of the west, its oil all butgiving off light even if no fire touches it. Light upon light. Allah guides to His light whoever He wills and Allah makes metaphors for mankind and Allah
has knowledge of all things.(Surat an-Nur, 35)
24:35
(Surat an-Nur, 35) Tafsir http://www.aalalbayt.org
God is the Light of the heavens and the earth, in other words, He illumines both of them with the sun and the moon. The likeness of His Light, that is, the description of it [as it resides] in the heart of a believer, is as a niche wherein is a lamp.
(Surat an-Nur, 35) http://www.aalalbayt.org
The lamp is in a glass — this [glass] is the [case for the] lantern and the misbāh is the torch, that is, the wick that is lit; al-mishkāt is a recess that does not penetrate [to the other side], in other words, the tube inside the lantern, the glass,
(Surat an-Nur, 35) http://www.aalalbayt.org
with the light inside it [is], as it were a glittering star, that is, a light-giving [star] (read dirrī’un or durrī’un, derived from al-dar‘, ‘to repel’, because it repels darkness; or read durriyyun, derived from al-durr, ‘pearls’) kindled, is this lamp (read past tense tawaqqada;
(Surat an-Nur, 35) http://www.aalalbayt.org
a variant reading has the imperfect tense of awqada, in the passive voice: yūqadu; another reading has tūqadu, in which case the reference is to al-zujāja, ‘the glass’) from, the oil of, a Blessed Tree, an olive neither of the east nor of the west, but in between the two, so that no harmful cold or heat affects it; whose oil would almost glow forth [of itself], though no fire touched it, because of [the extent of] its purity.
(Surat an-Nur, 35) http://www.aalalbayt.org Light, by Him, upon light, by fire; the light of
God is His guidance of the believer, light upon the light of faith. God guides to His Light, that is, [to] the religion of Islam, whom He will. And God strikes, He illustrates, similitudes for men, by approximating [such similitudes] to their comprehension, so that they might take heed and believe; and God is Knower of all things, including [knowledge of] how to strike similitudes.
(Surat an-Nur, 35)Allah is the Light of the heavens and the earth. The example of His light is
like a niche within which is a lamp, the lamp is within glass, the glass as if it
were a pearly [white] star lit from [the oil of] a blessed olive tree, neither of the east nor of the west, whose oil
would almost glow even if untouched by fire. Light upon light. Allah guides to His light whom He wills. And Allah
presents examples for the people, and Allah is Knowing of all things.
24:35
(Surat an-Nur, 35)Allah is the Light of the heavens and the
earth. The parable of His Light is as (if there were) a niche and within it a lamp, the lamp
is in glass, the glass as it were a brilliant star, lit from a blessed tree, an olive, neither of the east (i.e. neither it gets sun-rays only in the morning) nor of the west (i.e. nor it
gets sun-rays only in the afternoon, but it is exposed to the sun all day long), whose oil
would almost glow forth (of itself), though no fire touched it. Light upon Light! Allah guides
to His Light whom He wills. And Allah sets forth parables for mankind, and Allah is All-
Knower of everything24:35
(Surat an-Nur, 35)
خداوند نور مثل است؛ زمین و آسمانها نور خداوند ) فروغ ) پر چراغی آن در که است چراغدانی همانندو شفاف حبابی گیرد، قرار حبابی در چراغ آن باشد،با چراغ این فروزان، ستاره یک همچون درخشنده
زیتونی پربرکت درخت از که می شود افروخته روغنیروغنش ) غربی؛ نه و است شرقی نه که شده گرفته ) بدون است نزدیک که است خالص و صاف آنچنانفراز بر است نوری شود؛ شعله ور آتش با تماس
هدایت خود نور به بخواهد را کس هر خدا و نوری؛ . داناست چیزی هر به خداوند و می کند،
24:35
QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECT
Quasar is the name given to extremely dense and bright
bodies that look like stars and emit radio
waves in space.
QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECT
Quasars are the brightest known bodies
in the universe.
QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECT
The brightness of the brightest quasar in the universe is more than 2
trillion times greater than that of the Sun ; it is
approximately 100 times greater than the total light
emitted by a galaxy such as the Milky Way.1
QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECT
The word "noor" in the verse
means “light, brightness,
daylight, shining, illumination.”
QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECT
The light referred to in the verse is
suggestive, in terms of its brightness, of
these celestial bodies known as
quasars
QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECT
Because other expressions in the verse describe the visibility of quasar
light and the source of that light in the very wisest terms. (Allah knows the truth.)
QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECT
The word “durriyyun”, meaning “bright,” in the expression "kaannaha
kawkabun durriyyun” in the verse, itself meaning “like a
brilliant star,” is highly compatible with the
scientific description of quasars as “bright, stellar
bodies”.2
QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECT
In addition, the verse speaks of “giving off light even if no fire touches it.”
QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECT
It is probable that this is a reference to the way quasars burn without fire -
nuclear fusion.
QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECT
Since oxygen is not naturally present in
space, there can be no question of the
brightness of quasars having anything to do
with fire.
QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECT
The burning taking place here does so as hydrogen atoms are
compressed and produce helium.
The energy released during this process then
illuminates space.
QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECT
The expression “light upon light” in the verse may well be a reference
to the “gravitational lens effect” in
astronomy. (Allah knows the truth.)
QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECT
Many astronomers investigating the
sources of light in the universe will easily
understand this description in the
verse.
QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECT
The effect in question refers to the way light from a source behind a body with a very dense mass, such as a black
hole, departs under the effect of that dense body
and reaches us.
QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECT
It appears that there is therefore more than one
source of light of the images we see.
Due to this “gravitational lens effect,” an object appears to be somewhere different to where it actually is, and in
greater numbers.
QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECT
The term “a niche in which is a lamp” in the verse may be
interpreted as the niche being the area of gravitational lens effect of a black hole. (Allah
knows the truth.) It is significant that in describing the effect that arises, NASA scientists use the
analogy of the effect of a drinking glass:
QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECT
The gravitational effect of the galaxy on the distant quasar was
similar to the lens effect of a drinking glass on a distant street light – it
created multiple images lenses here too.3
QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECT•In his book The Whole
Shebang, regarded as one of the leading books of the 20th century by the New York Times, the science writer Timothy Ferris clarifies the subject as follows:
QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECT
As light from a Quasar travels towards us… it may pass through either side of an
intervening cluster of galaxies.The warped space surrounding the cluster can act as a lens, with a result that we see two
images of what is (or was) actually one quasar.4
QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECT
NASA's Hubble Space Telescope caught a single quasar in space
producing images of five separate stars for the very first time. Bodies
with a high density – a group of galaxies here – produce more than
one image by giving rise to the gravitational lens effect, bending
the light from objects behind them, in this case quasars.
QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECT
QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECT
The illustration shows a quasar appearing to be in four
separate places due to the gravitational lens effect.
The images, obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope (Chandra), represent a
distance of 11 billion light years.
QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECT
QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECT
The reference in the verse to “light on light” may be a description of reflected light forming more than one image.
In addition, the term “neither of the east nor of the west” in the verse is in all likelihood a reference to the uncertainty of the light’s source. (Allah knows the truth.)
QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECT
Quasars are the brightest objects in the universe, and are the nuclei of growing galaxies with the black holes in their center.
Black holes, that arise as the result of the contraction of stars and gasses belonging to galaxies, are the source of quasar energy.
QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECT
Thinking of the “lamp” in the verse as a quasar, the “niche” may well be a
reference to the “black hole” that feeds the quasar. (Allah
knows the truth.)
Quasars’ brightness is spread by stars falling into the black holes
at the centers of galaxies.5
QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECTEinstein suggested that due to the effect described as the “gravitational
lens,” bodies in space could bend light and that it was possible for an
observer to see several images from one single source.6
However, this effect was only observed for the first time in
the quasar known as the “Twin Quasar” in 1979.
QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECT
Quasars were first discovered in 1963, 14
centuries after the revelation of the
Qur’an. The status of the heavenly bodies described in verse 35
of Surat an-Nur is in surprising agreement with
our current scientific knowledge.
QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECT
This and a great many other scientific
miracles are clear proof that the Holy
Qur’an is the revelation of our
Omniscient Lord, the Creator of all things.
QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECT
QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECT
If a star is immediately behind the black hole, as
in the illustration, the star will appear to be
both to the right and to the left of the black hole.
Gravitational lens effect
QUASARS AND THE GRAVITATIONAL LENS EFFECT 1 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasar 2 http://www.thefreedictionary.com/quasar;
http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap951022.html 3 http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap950711.html 4 Timothy Ferris, The Whole Shebang, 1997, p. 61. 5
http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0028790.html; http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/quasars.html
6 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_lensing
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