1 designs for extreme affordability presented by robin podmore brian waldron incremental systems...

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Designs for Extreme Affordability

Presented byRobin PodmoreBrian Waldron

Incremental Systems

IEEE Power and Energy Society2010 Annual Meeting

Minneapolis, MA

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Definition of Customer

80% of customers earning less than $1-2 per day are rural farmers with access to plots of 1 acre or less to sustain a family20% of customers are urban dwellers many of whom have left farms that cannot sustain them and/or their families to seek work in cities and local industry

“Out of Poverty” Paul Polak

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Definition of Customer -Rural

A $1/day 1 acre customer does not own a bicycle or animal (cow, goat, sheep, horse) A $2/day customer may own more than 1 acre and an animal or two but still cannot make enough on the farm to survive all year; typically seeks outside work to avoid several months of insufficient food

RE Community Solutions Working Group R. Larsen

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Definition of Customer

Our customers are talented, hard-working, honest, loving and devoted people.We can learn from them on all aspects of design, development, implementation and application.They just need the tools and training to empower them to use their talents.

RE Community Solutions Working Group R. Larsen

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Problems with Kerosene - Costly

http://energisticsystems.webkit.com/kerosene.html Kerosene is expensiveNepal, women trek for day and wait in line for days to buy KeroseneUganda – rural and urban families spend $10 per month for candles, lighting, kerosene, dry cell batteries, recharging car batteries.Even with government subsidies kerosene costs, 10 to 20% of villagers annual income

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Problems with Kerosene - Safety

Families cannot afford proper bottle and wickThey use fragile glass bottle and rope for a wick – This is basically a Molotov Cocktail1998 there were 270,000 deaths from fire related burns in developing countries.In India 2.5 million people suffer burns each year mainly from overturned kerosene lamps

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Problems with Kerosene - Health

780 million women and children breathing particulate laden kerosene fumes inhale equivalent smoke from two packs of cigarettes a day.Two thirds of adult women lung cancer victims are non smokersMany homes have poor ventilationNOX and SOX cause lung and eye infections, respiratory problems and cancer.Light is only 2 to 4 lumens compared to 60 watt bulb with 900 lumens - Children can only read books if directly over the flame

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Open Source Designs and PlansComponents – source, cost, performance, test results all shared.Business plans – financial projections, market analyses, partners experience all shared.

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Generation OptionsPhoto Voltaic SolarWind TurbinesHuman PoweredThermal Solar Concentrator using:

– Scheffler Reflector – Stirling Engine– Molten Salt Storage

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Design Goals

People powered electric generatorProvide electricity for Charging Cell Phones and Electric Lighting for rural families earning $1 per day.Energy to charge a cell phone: 10 watt hoursEnergy to replace a kerosene lamp (4 lumens) with a White LED lamp at 40 lumens: 2 watts for five hours: 10 watt hoursProvide sustained output of 60 watts

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Power2Light Cycle

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SummaryOne person can charge battery at 14.6 volts with 4.4 amps – 643 watts.As 80 Amp Hour battery drops below 90% charge level torque is too high to pedal. Solutions:– Add resistor in series– Use multiple cycles in parallel– Add a current limiter in series

One hour of pedaling can provide 20 hours of light – light 5 homes for 4 hoursTen hours of pedaling in one day can provide light for 40 homes.

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Summary

Capital Costs:– Parts for Power2Light Cycle - $80 or $2 per home– LED lamps - $5 per home

System is expandableMeets all of the Polak criteria

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Re-Cycle – Bicycle Aid for Africa

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Re-Cycle Village Bicycle Project Potential Partner for Human Cycle Power

Supplies used bikesBicycle repair trainingAdd on toolsDelivered 43,000 bicyclesTrained 6,400 maintenance staff

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Paul Polak’s Rules (Author: “Out of Poverty”)

Aim for people who earn less than $1 per dayAffordability isn’t the everything. It’s the only thing.Need a breakthrough in affordabilityNeed a breakthrough in miniaturizationMust be Infinitely expandableResults must be attainable in Three YearsSupport income generationCan scale to reach millions of poor people

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www.CommunitySolutionsInitiative.org